English for science and technology (английский для студентов инженерных специальностей)

43 Pages·0.988 MB·English

by  Мантатова С.С. и др.

С.С. Мантатова
Э.Т. Левчук
Г.Б. Доржиева

Учебное пособие по английскому языку
English for science and technology

Улан-Удэ
2007
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего
профессионального образования
ВОСТОЧНО-СИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
(ГОУ ВПО ВСГТУ)

С.С. Мантатова, Э.Т. Левчук, Г.Б. Доржиева

Рекомендовано Дальневосточным учебно-методическим
центром (ДВ РУМЦ) в качестве учебного пособия для студентов

технических специальностей вузов региона

Улан-Удэ

Издательство ВСГТУ
2007
УДК 811.111 (075.8) ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
ББК81.2 Англ я 73 Данное пособие предназначается студентам технических
М 239 специальностей вузов, владеющих английским языком в объеме
программы средней школы. В соответствии с действующей
Рецензенты:
Т.Д.Протасова, кандидат педагогических наук, доц., декан факультета программой по английскому языку для неязыковых специальностей
прикладной лингвистики и коммуникации ГОУ ВПО Восточно-Сибирского вузов книга ставит целью комплексное формирование у обучаемых
государственного технологического университета. практических умений в разных профессионально-ориентированных
Э.В.Семенова, кандидат филологических наук, доц. кафедры видах англоязычной речевой деятельности.
иностранных языков гуманитарного направления ГОУ ВПО Бурятского Пособие состоит из 30 разделов и двух приложений и рассчитано
государственного университета.
на 60 часов аудиторных занятий. В приложение I включены фразы для
Кафедра гуманитарно-социальных дисциплин БФ ГОУ ВПО Томского
профессионального общения, а в приложении II - список профессий и
государственного университета (зав. кафедрой доц. Л.А.Винтовкина).
различных специальностей, знание и использование которых должно

стимулировать положительную мотивацию к овладению
профессиональным английским языком.
Все разделы пособия имеют аналогичную структуру:

1. предтекстовые лексико-грамматические упражнения с
краткими правилами-инструкциями;
М 239 Мантатова С.С., Левчук Э.Т., Доржиева Г.Б.
2. основной текст для ознакомительного или поискового
Engineering MOSAIC: English for science and technology:
чтения;
Учебное пособие для студентов технических
3. послетекстовые задания для проверки понимания
специальностей вузов и колледжей. / С.С. Мантатова,
прочитанного и упражнения для активизации лексико-
Э.Т. Левчук, Г.Б. Доржиева – Улан-Удэ: изд-во ВСГТУ,
грамматического материала;
2007. – 82с.: ил. 4. послетекстовые задания для обсуждения информации,
представленной в тексте.
Пособие предназначено для развития речевой профессиональной Тексты пособия подобраны из оригинальной литературы, они
деятельности на английском языке студентов I и II курсов технических имеют познавательную ценность и интересны по содержанию.
специальностей для работы на практических занятиях, а также для Авторы не считают, что задания к отдельным текстам пособия
внеаудиторного чтения и СРС.
надо рассматривать как единственно возможные варианты, полагая,
Пособие состоит из 30 разделов и двух приложений, позволяющих
что творческая инициатива преподавателя, работающего с пособием,
осуществлять поэтапное, целенаправленное формирование языковых,
способна дать в каждом конкретном случае наиболее эффективные
речевых навыков и умений посредством системы заданий и упражнений для
результаты обучения
активного усвоения лексического и речевого материала, необходимого для
Авторы считают для себя приятным долгом выразить самую
профессионально-направленного иноязычного чтения.
В каждый раздел включены задания и упражнения на ознакомление и искреннюю признательность и благодарность канд. пед. наук, доценту,
тренировку активного вокабуляра, а также упражнения на говорение и почетному работнику высшего образования Т.Д. Протасовой за
письмо. большую и постоянную методическую помощь при подготовке
УДК 811.111 (075.8) рукописи, способствовавшие улучшению содержания книги.
ББК81.2 Англ я 73 Мы желаем преподавателям-практикам и студентам успешной

работы по данному пособию и будем рады принять все замечания и
© Мантатова С.С., Левчук Э.Т.,
пожелания по его модернизации.
Доржиева Г.Б. 2007
Авторы
© ВСГТУ, 2007
UNIT I 3. Test the solution: Study for three hours a day and take the
test.
What is engineering?
4. Evaluate the solution: Have I passed the test with a good
Before you start
mark? Yes = a good solution. No = a bad solution, so think of a better
1. Work with a partner. Make a list of words to describe engineering.
one.

5. Communicate the solution: tell your friends about your test-
Reading
passing technique.
2. Read the headings of the paragraphs (1-4) below. Underline any

new words and look them up in the dictionary. What do you think
4. Read the four paragraphs again and decide if the sentences (1-4)
each paragraph will be about?
below, are true (T) or false (F).
3. Read the paragraphs (1-4) below and check.
1. Lots of things are made by engineers. T/F
1. Engineering is everywhere
2. Engineering isn't practical. T/F
Almost everything we use in modern life is made by engineers.
3. Engineers must think carefully. T/F
For example, if a manufacturer wants a faster car, a smaller personal
4. Only engineers can solve problems. T/F
stereo, or a better pen, they will ask a design engineer to find a

practical solution.
Vocabulary
2. Engineering is both theoretical and practical
5. Match the underlined words from the text with the meanings (1-7)
Engineers use theory (ideas about engineering) to produce
below.
practical answers. The design solution must be of a reasonable price,
1. plan 5. careful
safe, and reliable. A new idea that is expensive, dangerous, or doesn't
2. say exactly 6. assess the success of
always work is not a good solution.
3. a businessman 7. normal
3. Engineers use a method
4. answer
Generally, engineers solve problems in a methodical way.

Engineers:
Writing and Speaking
1. define the problem;
6. Read the paragraph headings again. Do you agree with them?
2. design a solution;

3. test the solution;
7. Work with a partner. Choose one of the problems below or your
4. evaluate the solution.
own problem. Solve it using the five steps. Make notes.
If the solution isn't right, the process is repeated. When a good
• You want to go away for a weekend with your friends but
solution is found, the next step is to:
your parents want you to study.
5. communicate the solution.
• You want to buy a CD player but you haven't got any money.
4. Anyone can use engineering ideas

This method of problem-solving is useful in everyday life. For
8. Explain your problem and the solution to another pair of students.
example, you can use the five steps next time you prepare for a test.
9. Look at the four words you wrote to describe engineering at the
1. Define the problem: I want to pass my test next week.
beginning of the unit. Do you want to change them?
2. Design a solution: I will study for three hours a day.
UNIT II • think carefully about which area of engineering interests you
most. It is difficult to study if you are not interested - and you may do
The right person in the right job
the job until you are 60 years old.
Before you start
• think about what sort of person you are. Will you be happiest
1. What sort of person are you? First, answer the questions below.
working in an office, in a factory, or outdoors? Do you mind getting
Then compare your answers with the rest of the class. Do you all like
dirty? Do you want to work with other people or alone? If you like
the same things?
wearing high heels and beautiful clothes, you may not be happy on a
In your spare time, do you prefer:
building site.
• being alone or with other people?
4. When you have decided which area you are interested in and
• being inside or outside?
thought realistically about what sort of person you are, then you can
• being busy or relaxing?
decide what sort of engineer you want to be.
• playing sport or watching television?
3. Read the text again. Choose the correct words in italics to
• wearing smart or casual clothes?
complete the sentences (1 -4) below.
Reading
1. Engineering is/isn't a small area.
2. Read the text A job in Engineering. Put the main ideas (A-D) in
2. Engineering is/isn't about Science and Maths.
the same order as they are in the text.
3. Office buildings and bridges are/aren’t examples of civil
A. You need to think carefully about your personality.
engineering.
В. There are lots of different jobs in engineering.
4. Tool- and machine-making are/ aren’t examples of electrical
С. Think carefully about what you are interested in.
engineering.
D. Engineering is a big subject.
Vocabulary
A job in Engineering
4. Look at the types of engineers (1 -5) below. First, underline any
1. There are lots of different types of engineering. The one
new words and check the meaning in the glossary or your dictionary.
thing they have in common is that they all use Maths and Science to
Then write whether the jobs are indoor or outdoor, and dirty or
improve industry and manufacturing. The whole science of
clean.
engineering can be broadly divided into three main areas:
1. petroleum 2. sanitation 3. textile
• civil engineering (buildings, roads, etc.)
4. computer 5. chemical
• mechanical engineering (machines, including tool-making)
Writing
• electrical engineering (electricity, lighting, etc.)
5. Write your name and the type of engineer you want to be on a
2. Each of these three main area can be divided again into
small piece of paper. Put your paper in a box and take out another
specialist subjects: civil engineering covers mining and bridge
student's paper. Write three questions to check if that person is
building, mechanical engineering covers aeronautical and automobile
choosing the right type of engineering.
engineering, electrical engineering covers electricity generation and
Example: Mining engineer
wiring.
• Do you like working indoors or outdoors?
3. Clearly there is a big difference between building a road and
• Do you mind getting dirty?
designing a computer system so the best advice for students is:
• Do you like going underground?
UNIT III EDUCATION
Your CV 1995-2000 Graves High School for Boys
Before you start Graves Avenue
1. Have you ever had a part-time or work experience job? Tell your Cambridge CB3 4RG
class: 2000-2002 Cam College of Engineering and
• what your job was Technology
• how you got it Birch Road
Cambridge CB6 7YT
Reading
2. Read the curriculum vitae (CV) quickly and choose the correct QUALIFICATIONS
answers to the questions below. 2000 GCSEs: English, Maths, General Science,
1. What is a CV? Design and Technology. French, Spanish,
a. A description of someone's family, education, likes and Art, and History
dislikes. 2001 Level 1. Engineering and Technology
b. A description of someone's education, work experience, and foundation course
skills. 2002 Level 2. Computing course specializing in
2. How is a CV arranged? software development
a. under headings
b. like a letter WORK EXPERIENCE
AUGUST - Temporary job as IT assistant
3. Read the CV again and decide if the sentences (1-7) below are true SEPTEMBER 2000 at Noms's Aeronautics, Cambridge.
(T) or false (F). OCTOBER 2000 - Saturday and holiday job testing computer
1. Gavin Alvarez lives in Cambridge JUNE 2002 games at Sikompany, Cambridge.
2. He is a student at Cam College. OTHER bi-lingual in Spanish and English;
3. He passed his GCSEs in 2001. INFORMATION clean driving license
4. He has had Saturday and holiday jobs since 2000. INTERESTS developing computer games, member of
5. He left Cam College in 2000. college football team, photography, and
6. He is quite good at languages. playing the guitar
7. He isn't interested in technology. REFEREE Ms Daisy Valentine (course tutor)
Cam College of Engineering and
NАМЕ Gavin H Alvarez Technology
ADDRESS 26 Dryfield Road Cambridge CB2 2DS Birch Road
TELEPHONE [phone] Cambridge CB6 7YT
NUMBER
E-MAIL ADDRESS [email protected]
DATE OF BIRTH 14 June 1984
4. Read these two advertisements. Which job is best for Gavin? Writing
7. Write your own CV in English using qualifications you already
GAMES4U have or ones that you think you might get in the future. Use Gavin's
wants young, dynamic people to develop the next generation of CV as a model for your writing.
computer software. Foreign languages an advantage. Send CV and
covering letter to ... Name

BOOKS FOR STUDENTS Address
need two people aged 18-20 to work in their engineering and
technology department. Telephone number
To apply, send CV and covering letter to...
e-mail address
Vocabulary
5. Read these phrases from the CV and the advertisements. Choose Date of birth
the correct meaning (a or b) of the words in italics.
1. ... a covering letter... Education
a. a letter to give more information
b. a letter to hide a CV Qualifications
2. foreign languages an advantage...
a. it will help if you can speak a foreign language Work experience
b. it is essential that you can speak a foreign language
3. a clean driving license.
Other information
a. your license isn't dirty

b. you haven't done anything illegal in a car
Interests
6. Complete the table with words from the CV and the

advertisements.
Referee

noun/person verb noun/subject

Example: developer to develop development
specialist
tester
engineer
technician
UNIT IV problem was that she’s an Artistic type. Liz studied film, and she
Find the job that’s right for you! now produces children’s TV shows – and loves it.
3. Read the text again and decide if the sentences are true(T) or
Before you start
false(F).
1. Have you chosen the right profession? Why? Give reasons.
1. Percentage of working people who are satisfied with their
Reading
jobs is equal to those who don’t like their jobs.
2. Read the text and decide which paragraph deals with a, b, c.
2. If a person looks for a job, he / she should look through
a) a success in choosing a right job
the ads in a newspaper.
b) pieces of advice to be happy with a job
3. To make a right choice choosing a job it is necessary to
c) dependence of your job on personality type
know your type of personality.
Find the job that’s right for you!
4. Some jobs may not fit your personality.
1. Nearly 50% of all workers have jobs they aren’t happy with.
5. Liz wanted to be a school counselor or a lawyer because
Don’t let this happen to you! If you want to find the right job, don’t
she belonged to the Social type.
rush to look through the ads in the newspaper. Instead, sit down and
6. Liz’s dream has come true – she does what she has
think about yourself. What kind of person are you? What makes you
wanted to do.
happy?
Vocabulary
2. According to psychologist John Holland, there are six types
4. Based on this information, check (√) the job you feel would not be
of personalities. Nobody is just one type, but most people are mainly
a good choice for each personality type.
one type. For each type, there are certain jobs that might be right and
1. Artistic a) actor b) computer programmer
others that are probably wrong.
c) photographer d) songwriter
The Realistic type is practical and likes working with machines
2. Conventional a) accountant b) bookkeeper
and tools.
c) inventor d) secretary
The Investigative type is curious and likes to learn, analyze
3. Enterprising a) painter b) manager
situations, and solve problems.
c) politician d) salesperson
The Artistic type is imaginative and likes to express
4. Investigative a) detective b) model
himself/herself by creating art.
c) psychologist d) researcher
The Social type is friendly and likes helping or training other
5. Realistic a) carpenter b) factory worker
people.
c) mechanic d) reporter
The Enterprising type is outgoing and likes to persuade or lead
6. Social a) doctor b) nurse
other people.
c) writer d) teacher
The Conventional type is careful and likes to follow routines
Speaking
and keep track of details.
5. Describe your personality type according to the information of the
3. If you think about who you are, you can make the right job
text:
decision. Liz is a good example. Liz knew she wanted to do
1. Which personality type are you most similar to?
something for children. She thought she could help children as a
2. What kind of jobs do you think fit your personality? You can find
school counselor or a lawyer. She took counseling and law courses –
different professions in the Supplement II (p.79).
and hated them. After talking to a career counselor, she realized the
UNIT V are in space so we won’t select people – men or women – with the
Ready for lift off right personality traits to make a good astronaut. We’re not looking
for “super” people. But they need to be emotionally stable, honest
Before you start
and highly committed”. In addition to this they need to be extremely
1. Would you like to be an astronaut?
sociable. “If you meet an astronaut at a party, you will notice how
Reading
good they are at a social interaction”, says British born astronaut
2. Read the text and check if the following statements are true (T) or
Helen Sharman. “They get on with everyone”.
false (F). For the statement you marked false, find the correct
information. 3. Are you cut out to be an astronaut? Answer Y (yes) if you agree or
N (no) if you disagree with these statements.
1. In 1958 NASA experts believed that astronauts didn’t need special
flying experience. 1. I find it difficult to be on time.
2. I often try new and foreign foods.
2. Eisenhower insisted that pilots’ skills were essential.
3. I often find it hard to make up my mind.
3. There were fewer tests for astronauts in the 1950s. 4. I don’t like to do things differently from how I normally do them.
5. I usually prefer to do things alone.
4. The sort of people NASA selects often get anxious and depressed in
6. I enjoy sorting out problems and playing with ideas.
space.
7. I often feel inferior to others.
5. Women astronauts are usually more stable and committed than 8. Poetry has little or no effect on me.
men. 9. I try to be humble.
10. Being honest is a bad way of doing business.
6. Astronaut should be able to communicate well.
11. Play is more important than work.
THE RIGHT STUFF 12. I’m efficient and effective at my work.
13. I often worry that things might go wrong.
1. When NASA (National Aeronautics and Space
14. I like to be where the action is.
Administration) was about to pick its first ever astronauts for Project 15. I’m often afraid to say what I think.
Mercury in 1958, it decided that the sort of men most likely to Scoring
survive a journey into space were those involved in dangerous - For questions 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 and 15 score one point if
activities like scuba diving, tightrope walking and mountain you disagree and 0 if you agree.
climbing. But President Dwight Eisenhower disagreed and demanded - For the other questions score one point if you are agree and 0 if you
that the first astronaut should be fully-trained male pilots. Once the disagree
pilots were chosen to qualify as astronauts, they then went through a If your total points are:
number of gruelling physical and psychological tests. 0-3 Forget it. You’ll oversleep, forget to do your tasks, start arguing
with the others and put the spacecraft in danger.
2. Today it’s a different story. Women can be astronauts too.
4-12 Borderline. You’ve got a lot of the right qualities but are you
Trainee astronauts still have rigorous physical tests, but instead of a
sure you like working in a team?
week of psychological tests, they have one and a half day. However,
13-15 Send for that application form immediately. You are a strong,
the questionnaires and interviews are much more searching. This is
reliable, pleasant and hard working team player.
very important because, according to Dr Holland, a psychologist at

NASA: “We know people can get depressed and anxious when they
Reading Mary knows what is fashionable because she watches
4. How different we are! BBC, CNN, and reads beauty magazines. She is always
Read the following descriptions of people. Then match the up-to-date with fashion. Mary listens only to the most
descriptions with names from the box: fashionable music. Her parents aren't very happy because
every season they have to buy her completely new
Mr. Hip Mr. Negative Mr. Know-all Miss Selfish clothes. Not because her old clothes are too small, or worn, but
Mr. Muscle Miss Stylish Miss Anxiety because they are out of fashion. She doesn't talk about people - she
talks about what they wear.
John knows everything. Cars, sport, politics, people are Nick's favourite subject at school is PE (physical education). When a
of his interest. He always knows what to say in any teacher asks him about anything other than sport his face
situation and he is always ready to say it - no matter that goes blank. People speak to him slowly, and with simple
people don't want to listen. He has a very good memory words. Nick is very strong, but when you ask him about
and when he reads about something or sees something on the situation in the Balkans, or what the capital city of
TV he often repeats it. He often makes a good impression but after Sweden is, he simply doesn't know. But when you ask
some time people get tired. John is not very popular. him about the football league, Nick knows everything -
the names of the teams, all the players, and the number of goals in
Miss "Me, Myself and I". When somebody offers her a each match.
piece of chocolate she takes three or four to make sure "Don't worry, don't worry..." — it never works. Sue always worries.
that she gets enough. She never shares anything with If you are ten minutes late she thinks you are dead or
anybody. If you want to borrow something from ' her, something really bad has happened. Everybody worries
she says: "This is mine!" When she helps others it is about tests at school but Sue can't sleep, doesn't eat and
always because she wants to get something from them. When her starts panicking three days before any test. Anywhere
grandmother does not feel well she worries a lot. Not because her she goes - a picnic, a trip, the mountains, etc. - she
granny is ill, but because she has to visit her instead of going to the always worries about everything and everybody. She is
cinema. also afraid of meeting new people.
Peter, a born pessimist, never looks on the bright side of
Mr. Cool cares about fashion but in a cool way. He is life. He wakes up in the morning, goes to the bathroom,
always cool. Everything he does, the way he talks, the looks in the mirror and thinks "Another unlucky day".
way he walks says: "Hey, look at me, I'm so cool!" He loves watching football on TV but seldom plays
When he likes something he says: "That's cool, man". because it is very dangerous. He rarely goes for a walk in
Mr. Cool uses expensive eau de cologne and a lot of hair the forest because there are lots of spiders and mosquitoes and they
gel; he has a cool mobile phone and cool clothes. And cool means - are very dangerous, too. Before a test he tells everyone that he is
fashionable and expensive. When he goes to the mountains he never going to fail. Mike doesn't know he is a pessimist. He thinks he is just
goes skiing but always snowboarding. He thinks that women love careful.
him. But this is only what he thinks. 5. Describe any hero you like but don’t say your group mates who it
is. Let them guess him/her!