Engineering turbulence modelling and experiments 2 : proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Measurements, Florence, Italy, 31 May-2 June, 1993

964 Pages·1993·29.789 MB·English

by  Wolfgang Rodi, F Martelli

ElsevSieerri iensT hermaaln dF luiSdc iences
R.K.
Editors: Shaha ndE .N.G anie
ExperimeHnetaaTtlr anesrfF,l uiMde chaniacnsdT hermodyna1mi89c8s
R.K.S hahE,. N. GaannidKe . TY.a ng( eds.)
EngineeTruirnbgu leMnocdee llainndgE xperiments
W. Rodain dE .N.G ani(ee ds.)
ExperimeHnetaaTtlr ansfeFrl,u iMde chaniacnsdT hermodyna1mi9c9s1
J.FK.e fferR,. K.S haha ndE .N.G ani(ee ds.)
AerospaHceea Etx changTeerc hnol1og99y3
R.K.S haha ndA .H ashem(ie ds.)
EngineeTruirnbgu leMnocdee llainndgE xperime2n ts
W. Rodain dF .M artelli (eds.)
EngineTeurribnugl ence
ModellainEndxg p erim2e nts
Proceoeftd hiSene gcsIo nntde rnaSmtypioosnoianul m
EnginTeuerrbiunMlgoe dneclaeln Miden ags urements
FlorIetna3c1leM y,a,- y2 J un1e99,3
by
Edited
W.R ODI
Instifi.tiurHt y dromechanik
UniversKiatralts ruhe
KarlsruGheer,m any
MARTELLI
F.
DepartmeonfEt n ergetics
UniversoifFt lyo rence
FlorenIctea,l y
1993
ELSEVIER
AMSTERDAM LONDON NEW YORK TOKYO
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© 1993
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PrinitnTe hdeN etherlands
v
PREFACE
Thesper oceedicnognst tahipena peprrse seanttt ehd2e n dI nternatiSoynmaplo siounm
EngineTeruirnbgu lMeodneclel inMge aasnudr emheenltasdtF lorenIctea,il nty h,pee r iodM ay
31t oJ un2e,1 99Th3e. symposium fotllhfioerw sectdo nferenocnte h teo poifec n gineering
turbulence amnoddme elalsiunrge mheenlitdns D ubrovnik, Yiung1 o9s9l0Ta.hv ei a,
proceedoifnt ghfises cto nferewnecrpeeu blibsyhE elds evSiceireP nucbel isChoi.In,n.g c.
Thep urpoofste h siesr oifes sy mposiista op roviadf eo rufomrp resentianngdd i scusnseiwn g
developimnte hnaetr seo aft urbulemnodceel lainnmgde asuremweintpthas r,t iecmuplhaars is
one ngineerinpgr-orebllaetmesd. t uTrobdualyie,son nceoe f t hkee yi ssuients a ckling
enginefleorwip nrogb lePmosw.e rcfoumlp utaenrndsu mermeitchaodls a rneo wa vailfoarb le
solvitnhgfle o we quatiboutnths se,i mulaotifto unr buleeffneccewt hsi,ca hrn ee arallyw ays
imporitnap nrta ctiissc tieli,lna nu nsatisfascttaoStrueyc. c sefusls imulaotfti uornb ulence
requirtehusen derstoafnt dhcieon mgp lpehxy sipchaeln omiennvao lavnedsdu itmaobdleel s
ford escritbhitenu gr bumloemnetn tuhme,aa tn dm astrsa nsfFeorrt. h uen derstaonfd ing
turbulpehnecneo meenxap,e rimaernietn sd ispenbsuattbh leaeyr, ee q uailmlpoyr tfoarn t
providdaitafon rgt hdee velopanmdete nstti nogft urbulmodeenlcse.
Researicnth h aer eoaft urbulmeodneclel ianngdm easuremceonnttsit noube evse rayc tive
worldwainddae l,t oge20t5h aebrs trawcetrsse u bmittott ehdse y mposainudsm c reebnye d
expeirntt hsfie e l1d2.a0 b strawcetrsae c cepatnetdd h fien apla perwse reea crehv iewbeyd
twoe xpeIrntts h.ee n d8,4p apewresr aec cepfotrei dn cluisnti hopenr oceedianngdts h,e se,
togetwhiet5rhi nviptaepedrw se,r ceo nvenigroeunpteldiy nt hfoel lowing sections:
Turbulmeodneclel ing
Applicaotifto unrsb ulmeodnecles
Direcatnl da rge-seidmduyl ations
Experimentatle chniques
Experimentaslt udies
Transition
Turbulceonnctroel
Aerodynamfliocw s
Turbomachinery flows
Combustion systems
Two-phase flows
Papeornhs e aatn mda strasn sfecra ben founidn v arioussec tiontshm,ea joriitnty h see ctioonn
turbulmodeenlclei ng.
Thec onferewnacsoe r ganuinsdetedhr ae u spiocfte hsAe s semboflW yo rlCdo nfereonnc es
ExperimHeenatTtar aln sFfleurMi,ed c hanaincTdsh ermodynamWiecs sh.o ullidkt eot hank
thPer esidoeftn hteA ssemblyR,. K . Shaha,n di tSse cretGaernye rPraolfe,s sor
Dr.
vi
E.JG.a niefo'rt, h eir whiettlhhp oe r ganisaTtihoesn u.p poratn dc ooperatioonft hfoel lowing
instituitisoa nlssoac knowledged:
UniverosfiF tlyo rence, Italy
UniverosfiK tayr lsrGuehe, y
AssociazioneT ennotecnicIrmanat ali(aSneaTz,o. s canIat)a,l y
CentrRoi cercFhiea Itt,a ly
EncIlt,a ly
-Toscan-aC ornettPro jectI,t aly
UETP
NuovPoi gnoIntea,l y
We argrea teftuotl h mee mberso ft hSec ientainfidOc r ganisCionmgm ittfoeret heviarr ious
efforitnsm akintgh icso nferenac seu cceWses a.l saoc knowletdhgehe e lopf m anyf luid
mechaniecxsp erfrtosm alolv etrh ew orlidn r eviewaibnsgtr acatnsdf ulpla peforrs t he
conferencFei.n allwye,e xpresosu rs incere apprfoerct ihacetioo openr atiproonv idbeyd B.
vand erH oeka ndM rs.I nevza nd erH eidoef E lsevSiceire nPcueb lishBe.r.VsiDr .nt he
preparatioonft hper oceedings.
W.R odi andF .M artelli
Vll
SYMPOSIUSMC IENTIFIC
AND ORGANIZINCGO MMITfEE
Chairman Co-Chairman
Professor WoRlcxifig ang ProfessorF rancesco Martelli
lnstitHuytd romechanik Depto.fE negretics
flir
UniversKiatraltsru he UniveorsfiFl torye nce
Kaiserstta1s2se 50139Fl orence
7500K arlsFru.hReGerman.,y Italy
Members
A. BAo.r etti, W.PJ.o nes,
CentroR icercFhIcA TI,t aly ImperiCoalll ege, U.K.
T.C ebeci, N.K asa,g i
McDonnDoeulgll Aasircraf t UniveorsfTi otkyyJ oa,p an
ComapnyU,S A
M.K. Chung, B.ELa.u nder,
KoreaA dvancIedn stiotfSu tcei ence UniveorsfiM tayn cheIsntsetirt ute
and TechnKoolroegay , ofS cieanncTdee c hnolUo.gKy.,
C.T. Crowe, D.Laurence
WashinSgttaoUtnne i versUiStAy , ElectridceFi rtaecen ,F rance
G. MDei chele, Y.N agano,
ENEL-C RTN, Italy NagoIynas tiotfuT tehecn ology,
Japan
E.NG.a nie', P.Or landi,
UniveorsfSi aratjeyv o, Univedirs RiotAm aI,t aly
Bosnia-Herzegovina
W.K. George, M.S ommerfeld,
StaUten iveorsfiN teywY ork UniverEsrailntagte n-Nilmberg,
atB uffaUlSoA, Germany
E.HH.i rschel, P.S tow,
DeutschAeer ospAacGe, G ermany RolRlosy cPel cU.. ,K .
viii
ASSEMBLOYF WORLDC ONFERENCES
ON EXPERIMENTAL HEAT TRANSFER, MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
FLUID
Officers
R. SKh.a Prhe,s ident
HarrisDoinv isGiMo,Locn kpo,rt , USA
NY,
J.KFe.ff eVri,c Pree sident
UniveorfsTi otryo nTtoroon,to ,
Canada
T.A iharMae,m ber
TohoUknui verSseintdJyaa,ip ,a n
JB.a taiMlelmebe,r
EcoCleen traldee L yoEnc,u lFlrayn,c e
E.NG.a niSee'c,re tGaernye ral
UniveorfsS iartayj eSvaor,a jBeovson,i a-Herzegovina
GenMeermbealr s
J.S.BMot.t eUrKi ll, R.L etaIns,r ael
P.CJa.t anCiaana,d a Y.M iyaJkaep,a n
G.PC.e laIttaa,l y A.KM.o hanItnyd,i a
T.C hoSi., Korea \V.Nakayaa,Jmapan
M.C umoI,t aly E.P aykT�u.r key
J.FEa.c ekrlUlK, A.P ollard,
Canada
L.FJa.n Tga,i wCahni,n a A.TPr.a tBar,a zil
M.G iot, Belgium K.R ehmGee,rm any
Z.Y .G uoB,e ijCihnign,a V. M.SKa.s trIin,d ia
M.DK.e lleUhSeAr , K.RS.re enivaUsSaAn ,
M.D. KleRmuesnskioa, M.C\V.e lsAhu,s tralia
Y.K uorsaJkaip,a n K.TY.a ngU,S A
A.L eontiReuvs,s ia
EngineTeurribnugl Meondceel lainnEdgx perim2 ents
Rodain d Martelli (Editors)
W.1 99E3l sFe.vS iceireP nucbel isBh.Ve .Ar lsrl i grhetsse rved. 3
CD
.
Modellcionngv echteiavtter ansIfne r
complteuxr bulfleonwts
B.EL.a under
DepartmoefMn etc hanical EnUgMiInSeTPe,.rO i.B nogx8, 8 M,a nchesMt6e0 r
lQDUK,
Abstract
Thep apedri scusassepse cotfts h ep robloefmp redicctoinnvge chteiavte
transfientr u rbulweanlftll ouwssi ntgu rbulent mtroadnestlposoc rltot shee
averaegqeuda tioofmn ost iaonnd e nergIyta. r gutehsa ttop redtihcteh eat
transrfeelri atbhlmeyo sitm portatnatsi kst hec orrecchta racteroiftz haet ion
turbulentfl uvcetluoacti-itafoy an cswt,h ich sutphpueos roetf ss e comnodm ent
closeuvreen a g radient-trdainffusspiioosnra ts sumfeodtr h teu rbuhleeantt
if
fluxeWsh.e raene ddvyi scosscihteyim sae d optfeocdro, m puting ifmlpoiwnsg ing
iti sr ecommentdheatdth teu rbuleennecregg eyn erabteim oond iftoi aevdo id
excestsuirvbeu lleenvceel s naeraitrsh isent ga gnaptoiionnAt c.r otshs'e l ow­
Reynolds-snuubmlbaeiyrite's sr u,g getshtaettdh mea rkcehda ngients u rbulence
structthuarotec caurrme a indluye factootrhste hra tnh teu rbuRleeynnto lds
numbeTrh.ed imensiosntrlaeiptosna s r ameatpepre ato rpsl aayn i mportraonlte
andi,n demeady,b et hmea ifnac toirnd etermining thteu rbuPrlaenndtnt ulm ber
botihn n ear-waanldfrl e es heafrl owMso.d eple rformainsic lel ustrbayt ed
comparoifsp orne dicwtiitoehnx sp erimiensn etvse ral aenld3l -idpitmiecn sional
flows.
INTRODUCTION
L
Modelltiunrgb uhleeantrtta nsptohrrto uflguhi idsso fterne garadsae r da ther
minoard juton ctthm eo re imptoarsotkafd n ett ermitnhtieun rgb uslterneftsi se ld
tot hea ccurnaeceyd teodp redtihctef lofwi esladt aicstforiTlhye.ri ess ome
justififocrat thiivosin e awn,e choofw hicwhi lblefo undi nt hes tatemoefn t
strateign§y 2 .N everthietli esas nas t,t ittuhdaheta sm eant itnhsautffi cient
considehraabste ieognni vtoe nt hmeo delolfih negat tr anspFoorertx .a mptlhee,
landmaSrtka nfCoorndf eroennC coem plTeuxr bulFelnotw(K sl ineeta l1,9 81)
considneohr eeadt -tratnesscfetar s wehsi tlhefe o llocwo-lulpa botreasttioivfne g
turbulmeondcee(Bl rsa dsheataw l 1,9 9c1o)n taoinnleoydn eI.nt urnt hirse lative
4
lacokf i nvolvembeynt th et urbulemnocdee llicnogm munihtays m eantt haCtFD
ism akinlge srsa piidn roaidnst por obleomfsc omplecxo nvecthievaettr ansfer
thani nc orrespondflionwg- fieplrde dictiMoonrse.o veirth, a sm eantt hamto dels
oft het urbuldeynnta mifci ehladv en otb enefitfreodm thev erys earchsincrgu tiny
thatc onvecthievaet -transtfeesrt msa y provid-ei np articutlhaert hermal
behavioautra stagnatpiooinn tI.t m ay bep ossiblep reditchte f lowfi eld
accurateevleynw itha verpyo orlpyr edicttuerdb uletofi necled int her egioinn
if,
questigroand,i enitns stparteiscs usrwea mpt hosoeft heR eynolsdtrse sseIsn.t he
energeyq uatihoonw,e vetrh,e ries n oc ounterpoartft hes tatpirce ssuret:h e
if
turbulleenntg tahn dv elocity isnct ahleve isc inoifta y w alarle badldye termined
a pooprr edictoifto hne N ussenlutm bewr ilrle sult.
Withitnh ec onteoxftt h efo regoirnegm arktsh,ep resecnotn tribuctoinosni ders
a rangoef e ngineering apptroho aancdhleisnn ega r-wtaulrlb uleanncdep resents
examploefst heirre latpievref ormainncp er edictcionngv ecthievaettr anspoirnt
severcaolm pleflxo ws.G ivetnh ep aperl'esn gtcho nstrainntost,h iinsgs aiadb out
thermamli xinign fr ee sheaflro wso thetrh an suggestth att her eported
dependenocfte h et urbulPernatn dotnls trairna tmetoa yh aves omer elevancteh e
near-wbaelhla viouTrh.ea rticdlrea wsp redominanotntl hye e xperiencotoe fts h e
UMISTt eamt;h insa rrowneosfs atteenntaibolnte hsep erformaonfpc ree cistehley
samem odelo vers everfallo ws bec ompareads e qualltyh,eb ehaviooufra
numbeorf t urbulemnocdee lasp top lieda singtlees cta se.
Allt he cacsoenss idearreegd a seotoflu osw ss op ossidbilffei culatsiseosc iawtietdh
relativheilghym oleculPraarn dtVSchmindutm bera ren ote xplicaidtdlrye ssed.
Changintghi psa rametheorw,e veorn,l ayl tetrhser elatiimvpeo rtanocfed ifefrent
partso ft hen ear-warlelg ion heat/masstr anspor(tt hhei ghetrh ePr andtl
numbetrh eg reattehrei mportot aonfct eh er egiodne epw ithitnh es ublayeTrh)u.s ,
ones trivteosp reditchtet urbulefinetl da ccuratreilgyha tcr osst hes ublayer
if
one'mso deolu ghnta turallayc coufonrt Pr andtnlu mbedre pendencies.
Secti2ob ne lopwr esenttoth sem odellianpgp roacchoenss idearneddt hes trategy
thautn derpitnhse mw hilteh eipre rformainsce ex plorien§d 3.Th ereafat efre,w
conclusiaorneds r awna ndr ecommendatimoandsei ncludisnugg gestifoonrs
furtheerxp erimentwaolr k.
2.M ODEI.LING STRATEGY
2.LTh eA pproacheCso nsidered
Thet urbulemnocdee ls bec onsidearreefod r usew itht het imeo re nsemble­
averagfoerdm oft hem omtoe ntuma nde nergeyq uatiownhsi chfo,r nott oos evere
densigtrya dieanntdsl owE ckerntu mbermsa yb ew ritten
(1)
5
(2)
Thet urbulmeondceselu pplaip eastfo hr a pproximtahtuein nkngo wsne cond
momenut�isa nd uIinm6 o.s ptr oblwehmesr teh per edicotfti howena lhle a-t
-
transcfoeertfi nctii es tmhaei no bjectthieva ec cautred eterminoaftt ihoen
turbeunhlte at fliunx etishm em edivaitceini otyft hseu rfiasac let lh aitsn eeded.
Thel evoeflu si 6, hodweepveecnrrd,u cioantl hlmeya gnitoufdR eesy nlodsstr esses
int harte giaonndt heliorcv aall uoeftse dne peonnde venwteslr le movfreodmt he
heattr anssfuerrf aicnqe u estiIonno .t hewro rdst,r apnosretff ecotnst he
fluctuvaetlioncfigie tlyd bmeam yo riem poarnttth atnh oosnet hteu rbulheenatt
fluxeTsh.ec asoefh eattr ansfer abnie mnpeiantghjit ein jsg su ts ucahne xample
wherteh lee voeftl u rbuleennecreig nty h ree giwohne rtehf el oownt hset agnation
streamlsitnaer ittsds e celertaott hieio mnp ingepmeonitnw ti lhla vae v ery
markeedff ecotn t hefl uctuatvienclgio tlye vecllso set hes urfaictes elf.
Pardaoxictahlelrye,foi rtie so, ft etnh cea steh attoo, b tastoia nt isfparcetdoiryc tions
ofh eat-tracnosefffiencrti isen c omplfleoxw si,ti sne ecssaryt ou saem ore refined
modelloiftn hge R eynlodss tresstehsa wno ulsdu ffifocret heh eafltu xes.
Accorditnhgpelr syee,n pta pecro nsiodnelrgrysa die-ndtiffusrieopnre netsations
oft hhee afltu xewsh ielxea nmiinegl abotrraantsep ortt-ieoaqnpu paroafocrht ehse
ui.uT hi'si ncsotnesnaitp'p rotaocc lho swuhrienl,oe wt i deplrya scetadit p renste
j
wasi n ffiarcstit n otrducneeda rlyy earasg ob yD al(y1 97i4nh) i sst udoyf
20
Benacrodn evction.
Theo pticoonnss idaerrteeh dsu :
1 EddyV iscosMiodetlsy (EVM'sw)hi ctha ke:
(3)
Vt o0 ()4
-iYJ = - -OXi
06
where k2/,E ()5
=
vt cµ.
k ist hteu rbuleennecreg tyh,de i sstiiporana toefk andi sa d iemnsieosnsl
fucntiwohno saer gunmtei Es a mattoefrc urrenctotr noCvµ.e rsTyh.et urbeunlt
Prandtnlu mebri su suatlalkye ansc onstbauntat,s n otebde loiwtd, o eesx hibit
systemvaatriica ttihoasnths o ublepd a ramaterized.