Engineering Psychophysiology: Issues and Applications PDF
Preview Engineering Psychophysiology: Issues and Applications
Page iii Engineering Psychophysiology Issues and Applications Edited by Richard W. Backs Central Michigan University Wolfram Boucsein University of Wuppertal, Germany Page iv Copyright © 2000 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, New Jersey 074302262 Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Engineering psychophysiology: issues and applications / edited by Richard W. Backs, Wolfram Boucsein. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0805824529 (alk. paper). —ISBN 0805824537 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Human engineering. 2. Psychophysiology. I. Backs, Richard W. II. Boucsein, Wolfram. TA166.E556 1999 620.8—dc21 9914047 CIP Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acidfree paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Page v CONTENTS Preface ix Part I: Issues Chapter 1 3 Engineering Psychophysiology as a Discipline: Historical and Theoretical Aspects Wolfram Boucsein and Richard W. Backs Chapter 2 31 Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Psychophysiological Research Anthony W K. Gaillard and Arthur F. Kramer Chapter 3 59 The Design and Analysis of Experiments in Engineering Psychophysiology Julian F. Thayer and Bruce H. Friedman Chapter 4 79 Signal Processing and Analysis in Application Holger Luczak and Matthias Göbel Chapter 5 111 Recording Methods in Applied Environments Jochen Fahrenberg and Cornelis J. E. Wientjes Page vi Part II: Applications Chapter 6 139 A Psychophysiological Approach to Working Conditions Gijsbertus Mulder, Lambertus J. M. Mulder, Theo F. Meijman, Johannes B. P. Veldman, and Arie M. Van Roon Chapter 7 161 The Validity of Factor Analytically Derived Cardiac Autonomic Components for Mental Workload Assessment John K. Lenneman and Richard W Backs Chapter 8 177 Alertness in Airline Pilots During Night Flights: Assessment of Alertness Using EEG Measures Alexander Gundel, Jürgen Drescher, and Jacqueline Turowski Chapter 9 189 The Effect of Naps and Caffeine on Alertness During Sleep Loss and Nocturnal Work Periods Michael H. Bonnet and Donna L. Arand Chapter 10 203 Studying Pharmacological Performance Enhancement With Behavioral, Subjective, and Electroencephalographic Measures John A. Caldwell, Jr. and J. Lynn Caldwell Chapter 11 241 A Biocybernetic System for Adaptive Automation Mark W. Scerbo, Frederick G. Freeman, and Peter J. Mikulka Chapter 12 255 Slow Brain Potentials as a Measure of Effort? Applications in Mental Workload Studies in Laboratory Settings Gabriele Freude and Peter Ullsperger Chapter 13 269 Ocular Measures of Fatigue and Cognitive Factors Erik J. Sirevaag and John A. Stern Chapter 14 289 The Use of Psychophysiology for Evaluating Stress–Strain Processes in Human– Computer Interaction Wolfram Boucsein Page vii Chapter 15 311 Psychophysiological Analysis of Design Work: Ergonomic Improvements Derived From Stress–Strain Research Holger Luczak and Johannes Springer Chapter 16 339 Stress and Health Risks in Repetitive Work and Supervisory Monitoring Work Ulf Lundberg and Gunn Johansson Chapter 17 361 Engineering Psychophysiology in Japan Akihiro Yagi Author Index 369 Subject Index 381 Page ix PREFACE The purpose of this volume is to promote engineering psychophysiology as a discipline and to demonstrate its value to a new audience who, we hope, will consist of ergonomists, human factors psychologists, and engineers. We use a rather broad definition of what constitutes engineering, including all aspects of the fields known as human engineering, industrial engineering, and safety and systems engineering. We had two goals for this volume that are reflected in its subtitle: Issues and Applications. The goal for the Issues section is to introduce the components critical for the successful application of psychophysiological methods to problems in engineering. In particular, these chapters are intended to provide an introduction for the reader who is unfamiliar with psychophysiology. They are not comprehensive reviews, nor are they tutorials. Instead, their purpose is to provide the newcomer to the discipline with an overview of the basic theoretical, measurement, instrumentation, and experimental design questions inherent in the use of psychophysiological methods. Chapter 1 provides a very brief historical context of engineering psychophysiology as a discipline, introduces some theoretical constructs (e.g., arousal and stress–strain) and provides a taxonomic bibliography of recent research using the predominant measurement techniques in the field. Chapter 2 reviews the major theoretical approaches (i.e., mental workload and stress–strain) that form the foundation for much of the research of the discipline. Chapter 3 critiques the classical approach to experimental design in psychophysiology and suggests ways in which research in engineering psychophysiology can and should move beyond the classical approach. Chapter 4 reviews bioelectrical signal processing and illustrates how psychophysiological Page x research in complex tasks differs from typical laboratory psychophysiology. Finally, chapter 5 reviews advantages and disadvantages of ambulatory assessment of psychophysiological measures. The newcomer is intended to use these chapters as guides to the more indepth treatments of each issue that can be found in the chapter references. The primary goal for the Applications section is to illustrate the many ways that psychophysiological methods are already being used in engineering applications. We also use a broad definition of application, one that includes laboratory and simulation research as well as field studies. However, what all the chapters have in common is that they address questions that are relevant for applying psychophysiological methods in the field. Our intent is to stimulate investigators to use these methods in new problem areas; therefore, the content of these chapters varies widely. Some chapters review specific psychophysiological measures (e.g., chap. 13). Other chapters review work performed on specific engineering problems (e.g., chaps. 11, 14, and 15), including problems in industrial and safety and systems engineering (e.g., chaps. 6,8,9, 10, and 16). Several chapters focus on the use of psychophysiological measures to assess mental workload (e.g., chaps. 7 and 12). Finally, there is a report on the status of the discipline in Japan (chap. 17). The secondary goal for the Applications section is to have a broad sampling of measures and measurement techniques that have been used in engineering psychophysiology. In addition to the more typical psychophysiological measures of the central, autonomic, and peripheral nervous systems (i.e., electroencephalographic, cardiovascular, respiratory, electrodermal, oculomotor, and electromyographic), we also have included research using endocrine measures. Some chapters focus on a single response or response system, whereas others use multiple measures. The latter approach is increasingly common in psychophysiological research and has much to recommend it (see chap. 3). We believe that the timing is right for this volume. The cost of instrumentation needed for psychophysiological research continues to fall. Simultaneously, the capability of the instruments continues to increase. Another important development is the rapid advancement of ambulatory technology enabling the transition of psychophysiological methods from the laboratory to the natural environment (see chap. 5). As a result, the interest in psychophysiological methods has never been greater. An indication of this increased interest is the recent founding of the Psychophysiology in Ergonomics (PIE) society that is also a technical group of the International Ergonomics Association and an interest group of the Society for Psychophysiological Research. This group has more than 180 members representing 15 countries. PIE has sponsored two international conferences and several special issues of major journals such as Ergonomics and Biological Psychology (more information on PIE can be obtained at: http://www.uniwuppertal.de/FB3/psychologie/physio/pie.htm). Page xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We recognize and thank some of the many people who made this project possible. First, of course, are the contributors; the volume would not have been possible without their good will throughout the revision process. Second, we thank the reviewers, especially those contributors who also volunteered as reviewers: Mike Bonnet, Alex Gundel, Rob Henning, Dick Jennings, Art Kramer, Petra Netter, Raja Parasuraman, Bill Ray, John Stern, and Larry Walrath. —RICHARD W. BACKS —WOLFRAM BOUCSEIN Page 1 I— ISSUES
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