Engineering Electromagnetics PDF
Preview Engineering Electromagnetics
This page intentionally left blank PhysicalConstants Quantity Value Conductivity(σ) Electroncharge e (1.60217733 0.00000046) 10 19C = ± × − Material σ,S/m Material σ,S/m Electronmass m (9.1093897 0.0000054) 10 31kg = ± × − Silver 6.17 107 Nichrome 0.1 107 Permittivityoffreespace �0=8.854187817×10−12F/m Copper 5.80×107 Graphite 7×104 Permeabilityoffreespace µ0=4π10−7H/m Gold 4.10×107 Silicon ×2300 Velocityoflight c 2.99792458 108m/s × = × Aluminum 3.82 107 Ferrite(typical) 100 × Tungsten 1.82 107 Water(sea) 5 DielectricConstant(�r�)andLossTangent(���/��) Zinc 1.67×107 Limestone 10 2 − × Material (cid:31)�r (cid:31)��/(cid:31)� Brass 1.5 107 Clay 5 10−3 × × Air 1.0005 Nickel 1.45 107 Water(fresh) 10 3 − × Alcohol,ethyl 25 0.1 Iron 1.03 107 Water(distilled) 10 4 − × Aluminumoxide 8.8 0.0006 Phosphorbronze 1 107 Soil(sandy) 10 5 − × Amber 2.7 0.002 Solder 0.7 107 Granite 10 6 − Bakelite 4.74 0.022 Carbonsteel 0.6×107 Marble 10 8 − Bariumtitanate 1200 0.013 Germansilver 0.3×107 Bakelite 10 9 − Carbondioxide 1.001 × Manganin 0.227 107 Porcelain(dryprocess) 10 10 Ferrite(NiZn) 12.4 0.00025 × − Constantan 0.226 107 Diamond 2 10 13 Germanium 16 × × − Germanium 0.22 107 Polystyrene 10 16 Glass 4–7 0.002 × − Stainlesssteel 0.11 107 Quartz 10 17 Ice 4.2 0.05 − × Mica 5.4 0.0006 Neoprene 6.6 0.011 Nylon 3.5 0.02 Paper 3 0.008 Plexiglas 3.45 0.03 Polyethylene 2.26 0.0002 Polypropylene 2.25 0.0003 Polystyrene 2.56 0.00005 Porcelain(dryprocess) 6 0.014 Pyranol 4.4 0.0005 Pyrexglass 4 0.0006 RelativePermeability(µ ) r Quartz(fused) 3.8 0.00075 Rubber 2.5–3 0.002 Material µr Material µr SilicaorSiO2(fused) 3.8 0.00075 Bismuth 0.9999986 Powderediron 100 Silicon 11.8 Paraffin 0.99999942 Machinesteel 300 Snow 3.3 0.5 Wood 0.9999995 Ferrite(typical) 1000 Sodiumchloride 5.9 0.0001 Silver 0.99999981 Permalloy45 2500 Soil(dry) 2.8 0.05 Aluminum 1.00000065 Transformeriron 3000 Steatite 5.8 0.003 Beryllium 1.00000079 Siliconiron 3500 Styrofoam 1.03 0.0001 Nickelchloride 1.00004 Iron(pure) 4000 Teflon 2.1 0.0003 Manganesesulfate 1.0001 Mumetal 20000 Titaniumdioxide 100 0.0015 Nickel 50 Sendust 30000 Water(distilled) 80 0.04 Castiron 60 Supermalloy 100000 Water(sea) 4 Cobalt 60 Water(dehydrated) 1 0 Wood(dry) 1.5–4 0.01 Novheamy8b0e6r602_2fr,o2nt0e1n0dsheet_220a:n3d23_HR.inHdad y t1/Buck Page2 hay80660frontendsheet2and3.pdf 12/24/10 3:09 PM November22,2010 20:32 Hayt/Buck Page3 hay80660frontendsheet2and3.pdf PhysicalConstants Quantity Value Conductivity(�) Electroncharge e (1.60217733 0.00000046) 10 19C = ± × − Material (cid:31),S/m Material (cid:31),S/m Electronmass m (9.1093897 0.0000054) 10 31kg = ± × − Silver 6.17 107 Nichrome 0.1 107 Permittivityoffreespace �0=8.854187817×10−12F/m Copper 5.80×107 Graphite 7×104 Permeabilityoffreespace µ0=4π10−7H/m Gold 4.10×107 Silicon ×2300 Velocityoflight c 2.99792458 108m/s × = × Aluminum 3.82 107 Ferrite(typical) 100 × Tungsten 1.82 107 Water(sea) 5 DielectricConstant(�r�)andLossTangent(���/��) Zinc 1.67×107 Limestone 10 2 − × Material (cid:31)�r (cid:31)��/(cid:31)� Brass 1.5 107 Clay 5 10−3 × × Air 1.0005 Nickel 1.45 107 Water(fresh) 10 3 − × Alcohol,ethyl 25 0.1 Iron 1.03 107 Water(distilled) 10 4 − × Aluminumoxide 8.8 0.0006 Phosphorbronze 1 107 Soil(sandy) 10 5 − × Amber 2.7 0.002 Solder 0.7 107 Granite 10 6 − Bakelite 4.74 0.022 Carbonsteel 0.6×107 Marble 10 8 − Bariumtitanate 1200 0.013 Germansilver 0.3×107 Bakelite 10 9 − Carbondioxide 1.001 × Manganin 0.227 107 Porcelain(dryprocess) 10 10 Ferrite(NiZn) 12.4 0.00025 × − Constantan 0.226 107 Diamond 2 10 13 Germanium 16 × × − Germanium 0.22 107 Polystyrene 10 16 Glass 4–7 0.002 × − Stainlesssteel 0.11 107 Quartz 10 17 Ice 4.2 0.05 − × Mica 5.4 0.0006 Neoprene 6.6 0.011 Nylon 3.5 0.02 Paper 3 0.008 Plexiglas 3.45 0.03 Polyethylene 2.26 0.0002 Polypropylene 2.25 0.0003 Polystyrene 2.56 0.00005 Porcelain(dryprocess) 6 0.014 Pyranol 4.4 0.0005 Pyrexglass 4 0.0006 RelativePermeability(µ ) r Quartz(fused) 3.8 0.00075 Rubber 2.5–3 0.002 Material µr Material µr SilicaorSiO2(fused) 3.8 0.00075 Bismuth 0.9999986 Powderediron 100 Silicon 11.8 Paraffin 0.99999942 Machinesteel 300 Snow 3.3 0.5 Wood 0.9999995 Ferrite(typical) 1000 Sodiumchloride 5.9 0.0001 Silver 0.99999981 Permalloy45 2500 Soil(dry) 2.8 0.05 Aluminum 1.00000065 Transformeriron 3000 Steatite 5.8 0.003 Beryllium 1.00000079 Siliconiron 3500 Styrofoam 1.03 0.0001 Nickelchloride 1.00004 Iron(pure) 4000 Tefion 2.1 0.0003 Manganesesulfate 1.0001 Mumetal 20000 Titaniumdioxide 100 0.0015 Nickel 50 Sendust 30000 Water(distilled) 80 0.04 Castiron 60 Supermalloy 100000 Water(sea) 4 Cobalt 60 Water(dehydrated) 1 0 Wood(dry) 1.5–4 0.01 Novheamy8b0e6r602_2fr,o2nt0e1n0dsheet_220a:n3d23_HR.inHdad y t1/Buck Page2 hay80660frontendsheet2and3.pdf 12/24/10 3:09 PM November22,2010 20:32 Hayt/Buck Page3 hay80660frontendsheet2and3.pdf Engineering Electromagnetics EIGHTH EDITION WilliamH.Hayt,Jr. LateEmeritusProfessor PurdueUniversity JohnA.Buck GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology ENGINEERINGELECTROMAGNETICS,EIGHTHEDITION PublishedbyMcGraw-Hill,abusinessunitofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,1221Avenueofthe Americas,NewYork,NY10020.Copyright C 2012byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrights (cid:1) reserved.Previouseditions C 2006,2001,and1989.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedor (cid:1) distributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretrievalsystem,withouttheprior writtenconsentofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,including,butnotlimitedto,inanynetworkor otherelectronicstorageortransmission,orbroadcastfordistancelearning. Someancillaries,includingelectronicandprintcomponents,maynotbeavailabletocustomersoutside theUnitedStates. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. 1234567890DOC/DOC 10987654321 ISBN978-0-07-338066-7 MHID0-07-338066-0 VicePresident&Editor-in-Chief:MartyLange VicePresidentEDP/CentralPublishingServices:KimberlyMeriwetherDavid Publisher:RaghothamanSrinivasan SeniorSponsoringEditor:PeterE.Massar SeniorMarketingManager:CurtReynolds DevelopmentalEditor:DarleneM.Schueller ProjectManager:RobinA.Reed DesignCoordinator:BrendaA.Rolwes CoverDesignandImage:DianaFouts Buyer:KaraKudronowicz MediaProjectManager:BalajiSundararaman Compositor:GlyphInternational Typeface:10.5/12TimesRoman Printer:R.R.Donnelley Allcreditsappearingonpageorattheendofthebookareconsideredtobeanextensionofthecopyright page. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hayt,WilliamHart,1920– Engineeringelectromagnetics/WilliamH.Hayt,Jr.,JohnA.Buck.—8thed. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978–0–07–338066–7(alk.paper) 1.Electromagnetictheory. I.Buck,JohnA. II.Title. QC670.H392010 530.141—dc22 2010048332 (cid:2) www.mhhe.com ToAmandaandOlivia ABOUT THE AUTHORS WilliamH.Hayt.Jr.(deceased)receivedhisB.S.andM.S.degreesatPurdueUni- versity and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. After spending four years in industry,ProfessorHaytjoinedthefacultyofPurdueUniversity,whereheservedas professorandheadoftheSchoolofElectricalEngineering,andasprofessoremeritus after retiring in 1986. Professor Hayt’s professional society memberships included EtaKappaNu,TauBetaPi,SigmaXi,SigmaDeltaChi,FellowofIEEE,ASEE,and NAEB.WhileatPurdue,hereceivednumerousteachingawards,includingtheuni- versity’sBestTeacherAward.HeisalsolistedinPurdue’sBookofGreatTeachers,a permanentwalldisplayinthePurdueMemorialUnion,dedicatedonApril23,1999. Thebookbearsthenamesoftheinauguralgroupof225facultymembers,pastand present,whohavedevotedtheirlivestoexcellenceinteachingandscholarship.They werechosenbytheirstudentsandtheirpeersasPurdue’sfinesteducators. A native of Los Angeles, California, John A. Buck received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1977and1982,andhisB.S.inEngineeringfromUCLAin1975.In1982,hejoined the faculty of the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech, where he has remained for the past 28 years. His research areas and publications have centered within the fields of ultrafast switching, nonlinear optics, and optical fibercommunications.HeistheauthorofthegraduatetextFundamentalsofOptical Fibers(WileyInterscience),whichisnowinitssecondedition.Awardsincludethree instituteteachingawardsandtheIEEEThirdMilleniumMedal.Whennotgluedto hiscomputerorconfinedtothelab,Dr.Buckenjoysmusic,hiking,andphotography. BRIEF CONTENTS Preface xii 1 VectorAnalysis 1 2 Coulomb’sLawandElectricFieldIntensity 26 3 ElectricFluxDensity,Gauss’sLaw,andDivergence 48 4 EnergyandPotential 75 5 ConductorsandDielectrics 109 6 Capacitance 143 7 TheSteadyMagneticField 180 8 MagneticForces,Materials,andInductance 230 9 Time-VaryingFieldsandMaxwell’sEquations 277 10 TransmissionLines 301 11 TheUniformPlaneWave 367 12 PlaneWaveReflectionandDispersion 406 13 GuidedWaves 453 14 ElectromagneticRadiationandAntennas 511 AppendixAVectorAnalysis 553 AppendixBUnits 557 AppendixCMaterialConstants 562 AppendixDTheUniquenessTheorem 565 AppendixEOriginsoftheComplexPermittivity 567 AppendixFAnswerstoOdd-NumberedProblems 574 Index 580 v CONTENTS Preface xii Chapter 3 Electric Flux Density, Gauss’s Law, and Divergence 48 Chapter 1 Vector Analysis 1 3.1 ElectricFluxDensity 48 3.2 Gauss’sLaw 52 1.1 ScalarsandVectors 1 3.3 ApplicationofGauss’sLaw:Some 1.2 VectorAlgebra 2 SymmetricalChargeDistributions 56 1.3 TheRectangularCoordinateSystem 3 3.4 ApplicationofGauss’sLaw:Differential 1.4 VectorComponentsandUnitVectors 5 VolumeElement 61 1.5 TheVectorField 8 3.5 DivergenceandMaxwell’sFirstEquation 64 1.6 TheDotProduct 9 3.6 TheVectorOperator andtheDivergence ∇ 1.7 TheCrossProduct 11 Theorem 67 1.8 OtherCoordinateSystems:Circular References 70 CylindricalCoordinates 13 Chapter3Problems 71 1.9 TheSphericalCoordinateSystem 18 References 22 Chapter 4 Chapter1Problems 22 Energy and Potential 75 4.1 EnergyExpendedinMovingaPointChargein anElectricField 76 Chapter 2 4.2 TheLineIntegral 77 Coulomb’s Law and Electric 4.3 DefinitionofPotentialDifference Field Intensity 26 and Potential 82 2.1 TheExperimentalLawofCoulomb 26 4.4 ThePotentialFieldofaPointCharge 84 2.2 ElectricFieldIntensity 29 4.5 ThePotentialFieldofaSystemofCharges: 2.3 FieldArisingfromaContinuousVolume ConservativeProperty 86 ChargeDistribution 33 4.6 PotentialGradient 90 2.4 FieldofaLineCharge 35 4.7 TheElectricDipole 95 2.5 FieldofaSheetofCharge 39 4.8 EnergyDensityintheElectrostatic 2.6 StreamlinesandSketchesofFields 41 Field 100 References 44 References 104 Chapter2Problems 44 Chapter4Problems 105 vi
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