Engineering Drawing and design

1330 Pages·2011·42.43 MB·English

09574_ch04_p121-172.indd 172 4/28/11 12:40 PM
David A. Madsen David P. Madsen
fi fth edition
Engineering Drawing & Design
David A. Madsen
President, Madsen Designs Inc., www.madsendesigns.com
Faculty Emeritus, Former Department Chairperson, Drafting Technology, Autodesk Premier Training Center
Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, Oregon
Director Emeritus, American Design Drafting Association
David P. Madsen
President, Engineering Drafting & Design, Inc.
Vice President, Madsen Designs Inc.
Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Consultant and Educator
SolidWorks Research Associate
American Design Drafting Association Member
J. Lee Turpin (author of Student CD Descriptive Geometry Reference Material)
Former Drafting Technology Instructor, Department Chair, Vocational Counselor
Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, Oregon
Former Drafting Technology Instructor, Chemeketa Community College, Salem, Oregon
Mount Hood Community College, Gresham, Oregon, Oregon Institute of Technology,
Oregon Polytechnic Institute, Portland Community College, Portland, Oregon
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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Engineering Drawing and Design, © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Fifth Edition
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C O N T E N T S
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv Manual Drafting Equipment and Supplies. . . . . . . .41
Drafting Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Drafting Pencils and Leads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
SECTION 1 Technical Pens, Pen Cleaning, and Ink . . . . . . . . . .42
Erasers and Erasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
INTRODUCTION TO Dividers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Parallel Bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
ENGINEERING DRAWING
Triangles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
AND DESIGN 1
Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Irregular Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Chapter 1— Introduction to Engineering
Drafting Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Drawing and Design 2
Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Drafting Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Sheet Size and Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Diazo Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Photocopy Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
A History of Engineering Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Properly Folding Prints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
The Drafter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Microfi lm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Drafting Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Education and Qualifi cations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Drafting Job Opportunities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Searching for a Drafting Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Drafting Salaries and Working Conditions . . . . . . .27 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Professional Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Drafting Equipment, Media, and Reproduction
Drafting Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Methods Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Workplace Ethics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Drafting Equipment, Media, and Reproduction
Methods Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Copyrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chapter 3— Computer-Aided Design
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
and Drafting (CADD) 69
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Introduction to Engineering Drawing Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
and Design Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . . 69
Introduction to Engineering Drawing
Introduction to Computer-Aided Design
and Design Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
and Drafting (CADD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
The CADD Workstation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Chapter 2— Drafting Equipment, Media,
CADD Software Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
and Reproduction Methods 39
CADD Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Industry and CADD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . . 39
iii
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iv CONTENTS
Virtual Reality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
SECTION 2
Basic CADD Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Surface Modeling Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
FUNDAMENTAL
Solid Modeling Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
APPLICATIONS 173
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
CADD Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Chapter 5— Sketching Applications 174
Productivity with CADD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 174
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Sketching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Computer-Aided Design and
Sketching Tools and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Drafting (CADD) Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Sketching Straight Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Computer-Aided Design and
Sketching Circular Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
Drafting (CADD) Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Sketching Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
Sketching Ellipses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
Chapter 4— Manufacturing Materials Measurement Lines and Proportions . . . . . . . . . . .180
and Processes 121 Introduction to the Block Technique. . . . . . . . . . .181
Creating Multiview Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Creating Isometric Sketches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 121 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Manufacturing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Sketching Applications Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Sketching Applications Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
Metallurgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Plastics and Polymers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Chapter 6 — Lines and Lettering 193
Plastic Resin Identifi cation Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Plastics Material Selection Applications. . . . . . . . .129
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 193
Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Material Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Types of Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Manufacturing Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Lettering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
Machine Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
Lettering on Engineering Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . .207
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Lettering Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
Machined Feature and Drawing
Other Lettering Styles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
Lettering Legibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
Manufacturing Plastic Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Thermoset Plastic Fabrication Process. . . . . . . . . .157
Manufacturing Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Rapid Prototyping (RP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Tool Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) . . . . .161 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Lines and Lettering Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Integration of Computer-Aided Design Lines and Lettering Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
and Computer-Aided Manufacturing
(CAD/CAM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Chapter 7—Drafting Geometry 218
Statistical Process Control (SPC). . . . . . . . . . . . . .165
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 218
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Drafting Geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Characteristics of Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Manufacturing Materials and Geometric Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
Processes Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 Common Geometric Constructions. . . . . . . . . . . .224
Manufacturing Materials and Constructing Polygons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
Processes Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 Constructing Tangencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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CONTENTS v
Constructing an Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Auxiliary Views Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308
Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Auxiliary Views Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
Drafting Geometry Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Chapter 10— Dimensioning and
Drafting Geometry Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Tolerancing 315
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315
SECTION 3 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 315
Introduction to Dimensioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319
DRAFTING VIEWS Dimensioning Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320
AND ANNOTATIONS 247 Dimensioning Characteristics and Defi nitions. . . .320
Fundamental Dimensioning Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . .323
Chapter 8—Multiviews 248 Dimensioning Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324
Dimensioning Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Dimensioning Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 248 Dimensioning Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327
Multiviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250 Preferred Dimensioning Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . .334
Third-Angle Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Notes for Machined Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338
First-Angle Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 Placing Location Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342
View Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 Specifying Dimension Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344
Projection of Contours, Circles, and Arcs . . . . . . .262 Dimensioning Auxiliary Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344
Line Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Multiview Analysis and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Using General Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349
Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Tolerancing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351
Multiview Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Dimensions Applied to Platings and
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Maximum and Minimum Dimensions. . . . . . . . . .361
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Casting Drawing and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361
Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Machining Allowance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Casting Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363
Multiviews Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Forging, Design, and Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363
Multiviews Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Drawings for Plastic Part Manufacturing. . . . . . . .369
Machined Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370
Chapter 9—Auxiliary Views 292 Design and Drafting of Machined Features . . . . . .373
Tool Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 292 Introduction to ISO 9000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378
Auxiliary Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Auxiliary View Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Drawing Curves in Auxiliary Views. . . . . . . . . . . .297 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382
View Enlargements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Drawing a Removed Auxiliary View. . . . . . . . . . . .297 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383
Locating Views on Different Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Test. . . . . . . . . . . .384
Drawing a Rotated Auxiliary View. . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Problems . . . . . . .384
Secondary Auxiliary Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299
Auxiliary View Analysis and Review . . . . . . . . . . .300
Chapter 11—Fasteners and Springs 392
Descriptive Geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302
Auxiliary View Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 392
CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Screw Thread Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Thread-Cutting Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Thread Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395
Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Thread Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd v 4/29/11 3:57 PM
vi CONTENTS
Drawing Thread Representations. . . . . . . . . . . . . .398 Revolved Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453
Drawing Detailed Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400 Removed Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454
Thread Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403 Locating Sectional Views on Different Sheets . . . .455
Measuring Screw Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457
CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Threaded Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459
Thread Design Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410 Sections, Revolutions, and Conventional
Lag Screws and Wood Screws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 Breaks Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459
Self-Tapping Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 Sections, Revolutions, and Conventional
Thread Inserts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415 Breaks Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460
Self-Clinching Fasteners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415
How to Draw Various Types of Screw Chapter 13— Geometric Dimensioning
Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416 and Tolerancing 475
Drawing Nuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417
Drawing Washers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475
Drawing Dowel Pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 475
Taper Pins and Other Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476
Retaining Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419 GD&T Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477
Keys, Keyways, and Keyseats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419 Datums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477
Rivets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420 Applying Material Condition and Material
Designing and Drawing Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421 Boundary Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Limits of Size Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494
Spring Representations and Specifi cations. . . . . . .426 Perfect Form Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494
Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428 Applying Regardless of Feature Size and
CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Regardless of Material Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . .494
Applying Maximum Material Condition . . . . . . . .496
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Applying Least Material Condition . . . . . . . . . . . .498
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Application of RMB on a Primary Datum
Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431
Application of RMB on a Secondary and
Fasteners and Springs Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432
Tertiary Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499
Fasteners and Springs Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432
The Effect of Datum Precedence and
Material Condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499
Chapter 12— Sections, Revolutions, Introduction to Geometric Characteristic
and Conventional Breaks 439 and Related Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501
Form Geometric Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439 Orientation Geometric Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . .507
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 439 Applying Profi le Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . . .532
Introduction to Sectional Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440 Runout Geometric Tolerance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544
Cutting-Plane Lines and Sectional View Specifying Independency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546
Identifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
Section Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
Full Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Half Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Offset Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555
Aligned Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Unsectioned Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446 Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556
Intersections in Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Conventional Revolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556
Broken-Out Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448
Auxiliary Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448 Chapter 14— Pictorial Drawings
CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 and Technical Illustrations 562
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Conventional Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 562
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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CONTENTS vii
Introduction to Pictorial Drawing and Chapter 16— Mechanisms: Linkages,
Technical Illustration Pictorial Drawings. . . . . .563
Cams, Gears, and
Pictorial Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563
Bearings 678
Isometric Projections and Drawings . . . . . . . . . . .566
Types of Isometric Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .678
Isometric Construction Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . .568
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 678
Dimetric Pictorial Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . .574
Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679
Trimetric Pictorial Representation. . . . . . . . . . . . .574
Linkages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679
Exploded Pictorial Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575
Linkage Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679
Oblique Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576
Types of Linkages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680
Perspective Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578
Cam Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .682
Drawing a One-Point Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . .578
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Drawing a Two-Point Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . .580
Cam Displacement Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .684
Drawing a Three-Point Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . .580
Construction of an Inline Follower Plate
Drawing Circles and Curves in Perspective. . . . . .582
Cam Profi le. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .687
Using Basic Shading Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583
Preparing the Formal Plate Cam Drawing. . . . . . .688
Pictorial Drawing Layout Techniques . . . . . . . . . .584
Construction of an Offset Follower Plate
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 Cam Profi le. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .688
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 Drum Cam Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .690
Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590 Introduction to Gears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .691
Pictorial Drawings and Technical Gear Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692
Illustrations Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590 Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692
Pictorial Drawings and Technical Illustrations Gear Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .693
Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591
Spur Gear Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696
Drawing Specifi cations and Tolerances . . . . . . . . .696
SECTION 4 Designing and Drawing Spur Gears. . . . . . . . . . . .696
Designing Spur Gear Trains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .702
Designing and Drawing the Rack
WORKING DRAWINGS 595
and Pinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703
Designing and Drawing Bevel Gears . . . . . . . . . . .703
Chapter 15—Working Drawings 596
Designing and Drawing Worm Gears. . . . . . . . . . .705
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596 Plastic Gears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 596 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
Introduction to Section Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597 Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .709
Introduction to Working Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . .597 Drawing Bearing Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710
Detail Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598 Bearing Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710
CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 Bearing Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710
Gear and Bearing Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Assembly Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
Types of Assembly Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604 Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718
Identifi cation Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718
Parts Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608 Mechanisms: Linkages, Cams, Gears, and
Purchase Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .612 Bearings Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718
Engineering Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614 Mechanisms: Linkages, Cams, Gears, and
Bearings Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .719
CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
Chapter 17—Belt and Chain Drives 727
Drawing From a Prototype. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620
Analysis of a Set of Working Drawings . . . . . . . . .620 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .727
CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 727
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728
Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 Advantages of Gear Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629 Advantages of Belt Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728
Working Drawings Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629 Advantages of Chain Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728
Working Drawings Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630 Belts and Belt Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd vii 4/29/11 3:57 PM
viii CONTENTS
Belt Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
Typical Belt Drive Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730 Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .787
Belt Drive Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730 Seams and Hems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .788
Chain Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 Roll Forming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .788
Chain Drive Sprockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789
Chain Classifi cation and Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 Material Applications in Sheet Metal Drafting. . . .791
Precision Chains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 Precision Sheet Metal Dimensioning Applications. . .792
CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 Sheet Metal Punch Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .796
Nonprecision Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
Light-Duty Chain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
Chain Drive Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .798
Roller Chain Drive Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737 Precision Sheet Metal Drafting Test . . . . . . . . . . . .799
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 Precision Sheet Metal Drafting Problems. . . . . . . .799
Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742 Chapter 20— Electrical and Electronic
Belt and Chain Drives Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742
Drafting 809
Belt and Chain Drives Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .809
Chapter 18— Welding Processes The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 809
and Representations 745 Introduction to Electrical and Electronic
Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .810
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .745 Fundamentals of Electrical Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . .811
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 745 Generation, Transmission, and Distribution
of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .814
Welding Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .746
Electric Power Substation Design Drawings . . . . .814
Elements of Welding Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .748
Residential and Commercial Electrical Plans. . . . .819
Types of Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .751
Weld Symbol Leader Arrow Related to Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
Weld Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .755 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
Additional Weld Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .759 Electronic Drafting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827
Welding Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .762 Electronic Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827
Welding Specifi cations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765 Printed Circuit Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838
Prequalifi ed Welded Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765 Pictorial Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .846
Weld Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848
CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850
Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851
Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .851
Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769 Electrical and Electronic Drafting Test. . . . . . . . . .852
Welding Processes and Representations Test. . . . .769 Electrical and Electronic Drafting Problems . . . . .852
Welding Processes and Representations
Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769 Chapter 21—Industrial Process Piping 868
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .868
SECTION 5 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 868
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .869
SPECIALTY DRAFTING Where Industrial Piping Is Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . .869
AND DESIGN 775 Pipe Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .870
Pipe Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .872
Chapter 19— Precision Sheet Metal Types of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .876
Drafting 776 Pipe Sizes and Wall Thickness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .878
Pipe Connection Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .879
Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .776 Pipe Fittings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .881
The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 776 Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .885
Introduction to Precision Sheet Metal Drafting. . .776 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .887
Precision Sheet Metal Layout Options. . . . . . . . . .777 Pipe Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .891
Precision Sheet Metal Material Bending. . . . . . . . .782 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
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