ENGINEERED CARBON NANOTUBES AND NANOFIBROUS MATERIALS Integrating Theory and Technique AAP Research Notes on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ENGINEERED CARBON NANOTUBES AND NANOFIBROUS MATERIALS Integrating Theory and Technique Edited by A. K. Haghi Praveen K. M. Sabu Thomas Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 9 Spinnaker Way Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Canada Waretown, NJ 08758 USA © 2019 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press, a member of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-704-5 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-351-04812-5 (eBook) All rights reserved. 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I. Haghi, A. K., editor II. K. M., Praveen, editor III. Thomas, Sabu, editor IV. Series: AAP research notes on nanoscience & nanotechnology book series TA455.C3E54 2018 620.1’93 C2018-904594-9 C2018-904595-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Haghi, A. K., editor. Title: Engineered carbon nanotubes and nanofibrous materials : integrating theory and technique / editors, A. K. Haghi, Praveen K. M., Sabu Thomas. Description: Toronto ; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, 2019. | Series: AAP research notes on nanoscience and nanotechnology | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018037189 (print) | LCCN 2018037824 (ebook) | ISBN 9781351048125 (ebook) | ISBN 9781771887045 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Nanocomposites (Materials) | Nanostructured materials. | Nanofibers. | Carbon nanotubes. Classification: LCC TA418.9.N35 (ebook) | LCC TA418.9.N35 E537 2019 (print) | DDC 620.1/93--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018037189 Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com ABOUT THE AAP RESEARCH NOTES ON NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY BOOK SERIES: AAP Research Notes on Nanoscience & Nanotechnology reports on research development in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology for academic institutes and industrial sectors interested in advanced research. Editor-in-Chief: A. K. Haghi, PhD Associate Member of University of Ottawa, Canada; Member of Canadian Research and Development Center of Sciences and Cultures. Email: [email protected] Editorial Board: Georges Geuskens, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Chemistry and Polymers, Universite de Libre de Brussel, Belgium Vladimir I. Kodolov, DSc Professor and Head, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, M. I. Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Izhevsk, Russia Victor Manuel de Matos Lobo, PhD Professor, Coimbra University, Coimbra, Portugal Richard A. Pethrick, PhD, DSc Research Professor and Professor Emeritus, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK Mathew Sebastian, MD Senior Consultant Surgeon, Elisabethinen Hospital, Klagenfurt, Austria; Austrian Association for Ayurveda Charles Wilkie, PhD Professor, Polymer and Organic Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA BOOKS IN THE AAP RESEARCH NOTES ON NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY BOOK SERIES: • Nanostructure, Nanosystems and Nanostructured Materials: Theory, Production, and Development Editors: P. M. Sivakumar, PhD, Vladimir I. Kodolov, DSc, Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc, A. K. Haghi, PhD • Nanostructures, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnologies to Nanoindustry Editors: Vladimir I. Kodolov, DSc, Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc, and A. K. Haghi, PhD • Foundations of Nanotechnology: Volume 1: Pore Size in Carbon-Based Nano-Adsorbents A. K. Haghi, PhD, Sabu Thomas, PhD, and Moein MehdiPour MirMahaleh • Foundations of Nanotechnology: Volume 2: Nanoelements Formation and Interaction Sabu Thomas, PhD, Saeedeh Rafiei, Shima Maghsoodlou, and Arezo Afzali • Foundations of Nanotechnology: Volume 3: Mechanics of Carbon Nanotubes Saeedeh Rafiei • Engineered Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibrous Material: Integrating Theory and Technique Editors: A. K. Haghi, PhD, Praveen K. M., and Sabu Thomas, PhD • Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticles: Current and Potential Applications Editors: Alexander V. Vakhrushev, DSc, V. I. Kodolov, DSc, A. K. Haghi, PhD, and Suresh C. Ameta, PhD • Advances in Nanotechnology and the Environmental Sciences: Applications, Innovations, and Visions for the Future Editors: Alexander V. Vakhrushev, DSc, Suresh C. Ameta, PhD, Heru Susanto, PhD, and A. K. Haghi, PhD • Chemical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: New Materials and Modern Techniques Editors: Francisco Torrens, PhD, A. K. Haghi, PhD, and Tanmoy Chakraborty, PhD CONTENTS About the Editors ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ix Contributors ......................................................................................... xi Preface ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xiii List of Abbreviations ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������xv 1. Carbon Nanotubes and Its Applications in Diverse Areas of Science and Engineering: A Critical Overview ......... 1 Sukanchan Palit 2. Engineered Nanomaterials, Nanomaterials, and Carbon Nanotubes: A Vision for the Future ........................... 29 Sukanchan Palit 3. Surface Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-based Styrene- Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposites: Contact Angle Studies ... 55 Jiji Abraham, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Soney C. George, and Sabu Thomas 4. Progress on Carbon Nanotube Pull-Out Simulation with Particular Application on Polymer Matrix via Finite Element Model Method ................................................. 73 M. Esmaeili, R. Ansari, and A. K. Haghi 5. Environmental Engineering Applications of Carbon Nanotubes: A Critical Overview and a Vision for the Future ....................................................................................... 101 Sukanchan Palit 6. Advances in Carbon Nanotube-based Conducting Polymer Composites ............................................................... 127 Sajid Iqbal, Rangnath Ravi, Anujit Ghosal, Jaydeep Bhattacharya, and Sharif Ahmad viii Contents 7. Carbon Nanotubes-based Adsorbent: An Efficient Water Purification Technology .............................................. 143 Rangnath Ravi, Sajid Iqbal, Anujit Ghosal, and Sharif Ahmad 8. Polylactic Acid/Carbon Nanotubes-based Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications ...................... 167 Fahmina Zafar, Eram Sharmin, Hina Zafar, and Nahid Nishat 9. 3D Image Processing in Structural Characterization of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes .............................. 187 Bentolhoda Hadavi Moghadam, Shohreh Kasaei, and A. K. Haghi Index ................................................................................................. 243 ABOUT THE EDITORS A. K. Haghi, PhD Professor Emeritus of Engineering Sciences, Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Chemoinformatics and Chemical Engineering and Polymers Research Journal; Member, Canadian Research and Development Center of Sciences and Cultures (CRDCSC), Montreal A. K. Haghi, PhD, is the author and editor of 165 books as well as 1000 published papers in various journals and conference proceedings. Dr. Haghi has received several grants, consulted for a number of major corporations, and is a frequent speaker to national and international audiences. Since 1983, he served as professor at several universities. He is currently Editor- in-Chief of the International Journal of Chemoinformatics and Chemical Engineering and Polymers Research Journal and on the editorial boards of many international journals. He is also a member of the Canadian Research and Development Center of Sciences and Cultures (CRDCSC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He holds a BSc in urban and environmental engineering from the University of North Carolina (USA), an MSc in mechanical engineering from North Carolina A&T State University (USA), a DEA in applied mechanics, acoustics, and materials from the Université de Technologie de Compiègne (France), and a PhD in engineering sciences from Université de Franche-Comté (France). Praveen K. M. University of South Brittany (Université de Bretagne Sud)—Laboratory IRDL PTR1, Research Center “Christiaan Huygens,” Lorient, France Praveen K. M. is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at SAINTGITS College of Engineering, India. He is currently pursuing a PhD in Engineering Sciences at the University of South Brittany (Université de Bretagne Sud)—Laboratory IRDL PTR1, Research Center “Christiaan Huygens,” in Lorient, France, in the area of coir-based polypropylene