ebook img

Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook PDF

398 Pages·1988·9.355 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook

Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook Second Edition Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook Second Edition R William Payne and John J. McGowan, CEM Published by THE FAIRMONT PRESS, INe. 700 Indian Trail Lilburn, GA 30247 Library oe Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Payne, F. William, 1924- Energy management and control systems handbook. Bibliography: p. Includes mdex. 1. Buildings--Energy conservation--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Heating- Control--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Air conditioning--Control--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 1. McGowan, John J., 1950- 11. Title. TJ163.5.B84P39 1988 658.2'6 86-46132 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6613-3 Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook-Second Edition ©1988 by The Fairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publica Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1988 tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any me ans, electronic or n;teclianical, inc!uding photqcqpy, .reco~<!ing, or any infonJ;1ation storage and retneval system, Wlthout permlsslon m wntmg from the pubhsher. Published by The Fairmont Press, Inc. 700 Indian Trail Lilburn, GA 30247 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6613-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6611-9 001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6611-9 While evety effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher, authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions. Distributed by Prentice Hall A division of Simon & Schuster Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London Prentice-Hall of Australia Pty. Limited, Sydney Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., Toronto Prentice-Hall Hispanoamericana, S.A., Mexico Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi Prentice-Hall of Japan, Inc., Tokyo Simon & Schuster Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore Editora Prentice-Hall do Brasil, Ltda., Rio de Janeiro Preface to Second Edition The original Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook, published in 1984, was a complete source of basic information on computer control systems. This field, however, is expanding, driving ahead, more rapidly than any other practical technology. To keep up with the changes, a comprehensive revision was absolutely necessary. Further, the mood of the controls industry, and the marketplace itself, demands additional information on a whole different series of subjects. This Second Edition includes new data on Direct Digital Control, Automation System Program Management, Non-Energy Related Benefits of Systems Integration, Information Management, Distributed Processing, and (perhaps the hottest topic of the '80's) Standardization and Remote Communication. The editorial support of a co-author with hands-on experience as a Corporate Energy Manager, Energy Consultant, EMC Installer, and Controls System Specialist has been enlisted in order to bring the Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook completely up to date. As a result, this Second Edition is a state-of-the-art guide to build ing automation and energy management systems that will enable consultants, engineers, and contractors to grasp the complete picture of the latest advances in this fast-moving technology. F. William Payne J ohn J. McGowan, CEM Contents Chapter Page AUTOMA TION THROUGH ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS- WHERE WE STAND TODA Y ................... . by Bill Gerken, Office of Building Energy Research and Development, Us. Department of Energy EMCS Industry and Market Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 Current Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 Education and Training ......................... 6 User Satisfaction, Cost Savings, and Other Benefits .... 9 Controls Standardization ....................... 11 Design Integration ............................ 13 Emerging Issues .............................. 14 Trend to Electronic Local Loop Controls . . . . . . . . . .. 14 Increasing Complexity of Control Strategies ........ 14 Market Absorption of Innovation ................. 15 Utility and Communitywide Energy Monitoring and Control ............................... 15 2 10 REASONS WHY SOME AUTOMATION (EMC) SYSTEMS DO NOT MEET THEIR PERFORMANCE GOALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17 3 THE FIRST STEP TO A SUCCESSFUL EMC SYSTEM: DEVELOP AN INITIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................... 21 The Initial Energy Management Plan .............. 23 Select Buildings to Be Studied .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24 Retaining a Consultant ......................... 26 Conducting an Energy Audit .................... 30 Contents Chapter Page 3 Determine Energy Savings ...................... 35 (Con't) Consultant's Report ........................... 35 Prioritize ECOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37 Finalize and Implement the Initial Plan ............ 38 4 THE SECOND STEP: DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT THE FINAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN. . . . .. 43 First Part ................................... 43 Perform an EMC Systems Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Three Levels of EMC Systems ................... 48 Implement the Final Plan ....................... 52 5 LEVEL I EMC SYSTEM: MULTIFUNCTION SUPERVISORY AND DEMAND CONTROLLERS ... 53 Supervisory Load Controller .................... 53 Optimal StartjStop Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 56 Demand Controller ............................ 56 6 LEVEL II EMC SYSTEM: CENTRAL MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM ...................... 65 7 LEVEL III AUTOMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY .............................. 69 Hardware Types .............................. 69 Function Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70 Computer ................................... 71 Computer Fundamentals ..................... 71 Central Processing Unit (CPU) ................. 76 PeripheralDe~ces ............................ 82 Auxiliary Bulk Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85 Personal Computers ......................... 88 Field Equipment ............................. 90 Multiplexer Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90 Sensors ................................. " 91 Distributed Processing ......................... 98 Contents Chapter Page 7 Data Transmission Links ...................... 102 (Con't) Software ................................... 109 Computer Languages ....................... 110 Types of Software ......................... 116 8 LEVEL III EMCS HARDWARE ................. 121 Computer Technology ........................ 122 Peripherals ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 123 Field Equipment ............................ 123 Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124 Miscellaneous Cost Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124 Maintenance Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124 First Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 125 System Architecture .......................... 125 9 EMC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS ....................... , 135 Basic Functions ............................. 136 Optimizing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 140 Operational Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 147 Other Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 System and Equipment Applications . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153 10 DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL ................. 167 by Harris Bynum and Roger Henderson, Regional Automation Speeialists, Honeywell, [ne. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168 Benefits of DDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 174 "Adaptive" DDC Contral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 176 11 EMCS COMMUNICA TIONS AND STANDARDIZATION 181 DDC Interface Process ....................... . 183 Conventional DDC Interface ................ . 183 Optimum DDC Interface ................... . 185 Interface Directions for the Future ........... . 186 Contents Chapter Page 12 DESIGNING A LEVEL III EMC SYSTEM. . . . . . . .. 189 Basic Selection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 189 Technology Issues ........................... 192 Drawings .................................. 193 13 SPECIFYING A LEVEL III EMC SYSTEM ...... " 201 Major Specification Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 202 Sam pIe Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 206 by George R. Owens, PE., CE.M. Detailed Specifications ...................... " 210 by George R. Owens, PE., CE.M. and Terry Simms 14 EMC SYSTEM PROCUREMENT, INSTALLATION, FINE-TUNING AND MAINTENANCE ........... 237 Obtaining Bids " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237 Contractor Selection ......................... 237 Post A ward Review .......................... 240 Shop Drawing Review ........................ 242 On-Site Debugging ......................... " 243 Fine-Tuning and Long-Term Considerations ........ 244 System Documentation ....................... 245 System Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 246 15 TIPS ON EMCS SPECIFICATION, VENDOR SELECTION, OPERATION 249 by George R. Owens, PE., CE.M. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249 Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 250 Point Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. 251 Configuration and Hardware ................... 254 Selecting a Vendor ........................... 256 Installation ............................... " 257 Operation and Maintenance .................... 259 Contents Chapter Page 16 TRAINING THE EMC SYSTEM ST AFF . . . . . . . . .. 261 17 EMCS PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ............. 265 Program Management Components .............. 265 Program Management Functions ................ 271 18 EMC SYSTEM GUIDELINES FOR NEW BUILDINGS ........................... 273 19 LIFE CYCLE COSTING ...................... 277 by Albert Thumann, PE., CE.M. Using the Payback Period Method ............... 277 Using Life Cyc1e Costing ...................... 278 The Time Value of Money ..................... 279 Investment Decision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 279 Making Decisions for Alternate Investments ........ 285 Depreciation, Taxes, and the Tax Credit .......... 286 Life Cyc1e Cost Analysis Optimization . . . . . . . . . . .. 291 20 CASE STUDY I : COMPUTING EMC SYSTEM ENERGY SA VINGS FOR A NEW COMMERCIAL BUILDING ............... 305 by Delbert M. Fowler, P.E. FS Consultants, Inc. 21 CASE STUDY 2: ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS IN SUPERMARKETS ...... 323 by Jon R. Haviland, PE., CE.M. Robinson 's Inc. 22 CASE STUDY 3: ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS AT PRINCETON UNIVERSITY ................... 333 by Michael E. McKay, Hugh W. Smith Princeton University Contents Chapter Page 23 CASE STUDY 4: AUTOMATION ... SHEDDING A LITTLE LIGHT ON BUILDING SECURITY .................... 353 APPENDIX A - SOFTWARE DICTIONARY .............. 361 APPENDIX B - ABBREVIATIONS ..................... 391 APPENDIX C - SUPPLIERS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS-BUILDING CONTROLS AND AUTOMATION ................... 393 INDEX ............................................ 397

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.