Encyclopedia of Environmental Health [6 Volume Set] PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Environmental Health [6 Volume Set]
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECOND EDITION This page intentionally left blank ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECOND EDITION EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jerome Nriagu University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States VOLUME 1 Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,CambridgeMA02139,UnitedStates Copyright(cid:1)2020ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphoto- copying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowto seekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuchasthe CopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. ThisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythePublisher(otherthanasmaybenoted herein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroadenourunderstanding,changesin researchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmayalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods, compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthe safetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/or damagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods, products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN978-0-444-63951-6 Forinformationonallpublicationsvisitourwebsite athttp://store.elsevier.com Publisher:OliverWalter AcquisitionEditor:PriscillaBraglia ContentProjectManager:MichaelNicholls AssociateContentProjectManager:GreetalCarolyn Designer:GregHarris EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF JeromeNriagu University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor, Michigan United States SECTION EDITORS GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS Choon Nam Ong Director, NUS Environmental Research Institute Professor, School of Public Heath National University of Singapore Singapore Republic of Singapore DISPARITIES AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DeniseM.Rennie Associate Dean Academic School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford Manchester WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY HongliangLiu Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Health Supervision (Tianjin, P. R. China) Heping District Tianjin People’s Republic of China v vi Editorial Board ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY Jaymie R. Meliker Professor Program in Public Health Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine Stony Brook University (SUNY) Stony Brook, New York United States METALS/METALLOIDS: EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS JeromeNriagu University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor, Michigan United States GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Melissa Slotnick Ann Arbor, Michigan United States AIR POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH Nicola Pirrone Research Director CNR - Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research Rende Italy POLLUTION SOURCES AND HUMAN HEALTH Oladele Ogunseitan Presidential Chair Professor Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention Program in Public Health University of California, Irvine Irvine, California United States COUNTRY AND AREA SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ISSUES Orish E. Orisakwe Professor African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research University of Port Harcourt East-West Road Choba, Rivers State Nigeria Editorial Board vii ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY Panagiotis Karanis State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University Director of the Center for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases (CBID) Xining City Qinghai Province People’s Republic of China University of Cologne Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne Germany COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Till M. Bachmann European Institute for Energy Research Karlsruhe Germany NOISE POLLUTION: EXPOSURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS Toshihiro Kawamoto Professor Emeritus Department of Environmental Health University of Occupational and Environmental Health Yahatanishi-kuKitakyushu Japan This page intentionally left blank CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 1 Shahira A Ahmed S Barone, Jr Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Washington,DC, United States A Åkesson Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Chaney D Belpomme Environmental, Beltsville, MD, United States AssociationforResearchandTreatmentsAgainstCancer EC Alexopoulos (ARTAC), Paris, France; European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), Brussels, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece Belgium;and Paris V University Hospital, Paris, France CF Amábile-Cuevas Aurelian Bidulescu Fundación Lusara, México D.F., Mexico Indiana UniversitydBloomington School of Public Laborde Amalia Health, Bloomington, IN, United States Unidad Pediátrica Ambiental (UPA), Montevideo, Uruguay; Poison Control Center (CIAT), Montevideo, Françoise G Bourrouilh-Le Jan Uruguay; and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agrégée de l’Université, Docteur ès Sciences d’État, Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Maître de Conférence h.c., Talence, France Uruguay P Brimblecombe Heidi Amlund University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research AL Bronzaft (NIFES), Bergen, Norway Professor Emerita, City University of New York, New R Andreoli York, NY, United States University of Parma, Parma, Italy M-N Bruné DA Axelrad World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Washington,DC, United States E Calva Lesa L Aylward Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico Summit Toxicology, Falls Church, VA, United States; and University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, C Carlarne Australia University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United W Babisch States Federal Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany Dipankar Chakrabarti S-O Baek Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea Rufus L Chaney EB Bakeas Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Chaney University of Athens, Athens, Greece Environmental, Beltsville, MD, United States Micha Barchana Chi-Hsien Chen University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; and Ministry of NationalTaiwanUniversity(NTU)CollegeofMedicine Health, Jerusalem, Israel and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ix
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