Table Of Content

Encyclopedia of E-Commerce, E-Government, and Mobile Commerce MMMMMeeeeehhhhhdddddiiiii KKKKKhhhhhooooosssssrrrrrooooowwwww-----PPPPPooooouuuuurrrrr Information Resources Management Association, USA IDEA GROUP REFERENCE Hershey • London • Melbourne • Singapore Acquisitions Editor: Michelle Potter Development Editor: Kristin Roth Senior Managing Editor: Amanda Appicello Managing Editor: Jennifer Neidig Copy Editors: Maria Boyer, Julie LeBlanc, Shanelle Ramelb, Becky Shore, and Larissa Vinci Typesetters: Diane Huskinson Support Staff: Sharon Berger, Amanda Kirlin, and Sara Reed Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff Printed at: Yurchak Printing Inc. Published in the United States of America by Idea Group Reference (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200 Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.idea-group-ref.com and in the United Kingdom by Idea Group Reference (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.) 3 Henrietta Street Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 0609 Web site: http://www.eurospanonline.com Copyright © 2006 by Idea Group Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of e-commerce, e-government, and mobile commerce / Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, editor. p. cm. Summary: "This encyclopedia covers the 3-technologies field highlight current concepts, trends, challenges and applications"-- Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-59140-799-0 (hardcover) -- ISBN 1-59140-800-8 (ebook) 1. Electronic commerce--Encyclopedias. 2. Internet in public administration--Encyclopedias. 3. Mobile commerce--Encyclopedias. I. Khosrowpour, Mehdi, 1951- HF5548.32.E52 2006 381'.14203--dc22 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. (cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:21)(cid:6)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:5)(cid:12)"(cid:9)(cid:20)(cid:10)(cid:25)(cid:6)(cid:17)(cid:4)(cid:12)&(cid:6)(cid:11)(cid:17)(cid:9) Annie Becker, Florida Institute of Technology, USA George Ditsa, United Arab Emirates University, UAE Yair Levy, Nova Southeastern University, USA Mahesh S. Raisinghani, Texas Woman’s University, USA Edward J. Szewczak, Canisius College, USA (cid:28)(cid:10)(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:12)(cid:6)(cid:13)(cid:12)(cid:15)(cid:6)(cid:2)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:23)(cid:29)(cid:21)(cid:6)(cid:17)(cid:25) Abdelkafi, Nizar / Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Germany .............................................................811 Abels, Sven / University of Oldenburg, Germany .......................................................................................................95 Abramowicz, Witold / The Poznañ University of Economics, Poland......................................................................799 Acton, Thomas / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland............................................................................50 Ajiferuke, Isola / University of Western Ontario, Canada.......................................................................................291 Alexander, Paul / Edith Cowan University, Australia............................................................................................1082 Algermissen, Lars / University of Münster, Germany..............................................................................................926 Almazán, Rodrigo Sandoval / Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Mexico.....367 Anke, Juergen / Dresden University of Technology, Germany................................................................................919 Aroyo, Lora / Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands.......................................................................424 Ash, Colin G. / Edith Cowan University, Australia...........................................................................................240, 729 Averweg, Udo Richard / eThekwini Municipality and University of Kwazul-Natal, South Africa..........................836 Bahn, David L. / Metropolitan State University of Minnesota, USA........................................................................103 (cid:1) Bana kiewicz, Krzysztof / The Poznañ University of Economics, Poland..............................................................799 Barima, O. K. B. / University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong...............................................................................347, 1169 Barko, Christopher D. / Laboratory Corporation of America, USA........................................................................703 Baum, Scott / Griffith University, Australia.........................................................................................................37, 353 Becker, Jörg / University of Münster, Germany.......................................................................................................926 Berge, Zane / UMBC, USA......................................................................................................................................1053 Blecker, Thorsten / Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Germany...........................................678, 811, 941 Boateng, Beatrice A. / Ohio University, USA.....................................................................................................884, 890 Boateng, Kwasi / Ohio University, USA .............................................................................................................884, 890 Bode, Shirley / Edith Cowan University, Australia..................................................................................................340 Boonstra, Albert / University of Groningen, The Netherlands ................................................................................580 Bozanis, Panayiotis / University of Thessaly, Greece...............................................................................................594 Brace, Todd / Provident Bank, USA........................................................................................................................1053 Braga, Antônio Pádua / Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.......................................................................520 Bridges, Eileen / Kent State University, USA.............................................................................................................83 Brindley, Clare / University of Central Lancashire, UK..........................................................................................525 Brown, Christopher / American University, USA .....................................................................................................403 Burgess, Stephen / Victoria University, Australia..........................................................................................631, 1016 Burn, Janice M. / Edith Cowan University, Australia .....................................................................240, 340, 729, 1082 Cannoy, Sherrie D. / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA................................................600, 1139 Cardoso, Jorge / University of Madeira, Portugal...................................................................................................979 Carvalho, José Dinis A. / Universidade do Minho, Portugal.................................................................................1175 Castro, Cristiano Leite / University of Belo Horizonte, Brazil ................................................................................520 Cazier, Joseph A. / Appalachian State University, USA..........................................................................................902 Chan, Susy S. / DePaul University, USA.................................................................................................................1230 Chan, W. K. / The Hong Kong Marine Police Force, Hong Kong...........................................................................684 Chatwin, Chris / University of Sussex, UK................................................................................................................998 Chen, Andrew / Arizona State University, USA.................................................................................................157, 223 Chen, Anne Yun-An / University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA..........................................................118 Chen, Charlie / Appalachian State University, USA.......................................................................................284, 1075 Chen, Leida / Creighton University, USA.................................................................................................................379 Chen, Qiyang / Montclair State University, USA.....................................................................................................314 Chen, Yiche Grace / Yuan Ze University, Taiwan...................................................................................................1058 Chen, Yining / Western Kentucky University, USA ..................................................................................................359 Chen, Yu-Che / Iowa State University, USA.............................................................................................................203 Chen, Zhen / University of Reading, UK...................................................................................................................933 Cheng, Jie / Wayne State University, USA.........................................................................................................210, 385 Cheng, Qiang / Wayne State University, USA....................................................................................................210, 385 Chiam, Michael K.M. / Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore ......................................................................................334 Chochliouros, Ioannis P. / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece ................................508 Chu, K. C. / IVE (Tsing Yi), Hong Kong..................................................................................................................1120 Chuang, Ta-Tao / Gonzaga University, USA.............................................................................................................112 Clegg, Ben / Aston University, UK............................................................................................................................264 Close, Angeline Grace / University of Georgia, USA, North Georgia College and State University, USA, and University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA........................................................................................................168, 1158 Costagliola, Gennaro / Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy...................................................................1146, 1205 Craig, Ron / Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada............................................................................................191, 1133 Cremonini, Marco / Università di Milano, Italy.......................................................................................................973 Cripps, Helen / Edith Cowan University, Australia .................................................................................................340 Dall’Olmo-Riley, Francesca / University of Kingston upon Thames, UK................................................................296 Damiani, Ernesto / Università di Milano, Italy ........................................................................................................973 Dasgupta, Prithviraj / University of Nebraska, Omaha, USA...................................................................................247 D’Aubeterre, Fergle / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA .....................................................1236 Dave, Dinesh S. / Appalachian State University, USA .............................................................................................902 de Brock, Bert / University of Groningen, The Netherlands ...................................................................................580 De Capitani di Vimercati, Sabrina / Università di Milano, Italy.............................................................................973 de Freitas, Ricardo Luís / Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Brazil....................................................1211 De Lucia, Andrea / University of Salerno, Italy........................................................................................................217 de Medeiros Jr., Alberto / University of São Paulo, Brazil......................................................................................502 de Paula Pessôa, Marcelo Schneck / University of São Paulo, Brazil.....................................................................502 Deek, Fadi P. / New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA.......................................................................................1070 Di Martino, Sergio / Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy.......................................................................1146, 1205 Dicheva, Darina / Winston-Salem State University, USA..........................................................................................424 Ding, Yi / Georgia State University, USA.................................................................................................................514 Dittmann, Jana / Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany............................................................1101 Dologite, Dorothy G. / Baruch College, USA ..............................................................................................................26 Ducoffe, Robert H. / Baruch College, The City University of New York (CUNY), USA...........................................842 Efendioglu, Alev M. / University of San Francisco, USA ..........................................................................................327 Egea, José Manuel Ortega / University of Almería, Spain.......................................................................................530 Fan, Ya-Han / Yuan Ze University, Taiwan .............................................................................................................1058 Fang, Kwoting / National Yunlin University Science of Technology, Taiwan ........................................................895 Ferrucci, Filomena / Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy ......................................................................1146, 1205 Feuerlicht, George / University of Technology, Sydney, Australia..........................................................................431 Finney, R. Zachary / University of South Alabama, USA ................................................................................168, 1158 Fisteus, Jesús Arias / Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain...................................................................................78 Flavián, Carlos / University of Zaragoza, Spain.....................................................................................................1163 Foley, Pat / University of Melbourne, Australia........................................................................................................660 Forgionne, Guisseppi / University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA .................................................................64 Fortino, Giancarlo / DEIS, University of Calabria, Italy..........................................................................................319 Francese, Rita / University of Salerno, Italy.............................................................................................................217 Galloway, Chris / Monash University, Australia......................................................................................................805 Gao, Yuan / Ramapo College of New Jersey, USA....................................................................................................842 Garro, Alfredo / DEIS, University of Calabria, Italy................................................................................................319 Gartenfeld, Marc E. / St. John’s University, USA........................................................................................................26 Gefen, David / Drexel University, USA.....................................................................................................................1089 Gibson, Rick / American University, USA.................................................................................................................403 Gil-García, J. Ramón / University at Albany, SUNY & Harvard University, USA............................................367, 636 Ginoglou, Dimitrios / University of Macedonia, Greece........................................................................................1185 Goldsmith, Ronald E. / Florida State University, USA.........................................................................................83, 408 Gravino, Carmine / Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy .................................................................................1205 Guan, Sheng-Uei / National University of Singapore, Singapore............................. 279, 644, 747, 871, 954, 962, 1198 Guinalíu, Miguel / University of Zaragoza, Spain..................................................................................................1163 Gurãu, Cãlin / Groupe Sup. de Co. Montpellier, France ..........................................................................587, 722, 848 Hahn, Axel / University of Oldenburg, Germany ........................................................................................................95 Harris, Albert L. / Appalachian State University, USA .........................................................................................1075 Hassan, Amir / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland..........................................................................878 Hawk, Stephen / University of Wisconsin, Parkside, USA ........................................................................................648 He, Shaoyi / California State University, San Marcos, USA....................................................................................823 Hietanen, Herkko / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland...................................................................878 Hill, Séamus / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland ...............................................................................50 Hin, Leo Tan Wee / Singapore National Academy of Science, Singapore............................................................1191 Hofacker, Charles F. / Florida State University, USA ...............................................................................................83 Hong, Ju / Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...................................................................................933 Houben, Geert-Jan / Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium .........................................................................................424 Hsu, HY Sonya / Southern Illinois University, USA..................................................................................................914 Hu, Wen-Chen / University of North Dakota, USA ..................................................................................................792 Huang, Thomas S. / University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA..................................................................210 Huang, Wayne / Ohio University, USA......................................................................................................................359 Hughes, Martin / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland...........................................................................50 Hwang, Ha Sung / Temple University, USA...............................................................................................................698 Illia, Abdou / Eastern Illinois University, USA........................................................................................................1022 Ingham, John / University of Sherbrooke, Canada..................................................................................................141 Iyer, Lakshmi / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA ...............................................................1139 Jain, Radhika / Georgia State University, USA.................................................................................................197, 672 Janssen, Marijn / Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.......................................................................457 Jeanson, Benoit / University of Sherbrooke, Canada ..............................................................................................141 Joia, Luiz Antonio / Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration of Getulio Vargas Foundation and Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil...........................................................................................................72 Kaabi, Rim Samia / CRI, France................................................................................................................................183 Kang, Kyung Woo / University of Rhode Island, USA..............................................................................................691 Karnouskos, Stamatis / Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS, Germany...........................................................................1114 Kasi, Vijay / Georgia State University, USA......................................................................................................151, 672 Kellen, Vince / DePaul University, USA.................................................................................................................1230 Kloos, Carlos Delgado / Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain................................................................................78 Knepper, Richard / Indiana University, USA............................................................................................................203 Koch, Hope / Baylor University, USA ........................................................................................................................413 Kock, Ned / Texas A&M International University, USA.........................................................................................1109 Kollias, Stefanos / National Technical University of Athens, Greece......................................................................445 Kong, Stephen C.W. / Loughborough University, UK..............................................................................................933 Korba, Larry / National Research Council Canada, Canada.................................................................................985 Kotsopoulos, Stavros / University of Patras, Greece...............................................................................................1254 Koufaris, Marios / Baruch College, The City University of New York (CUNY), USA.............................................842 Kulviwat, Songpol / Hofstra University, USA.............................................................................................................914 Kurihara, Yutaka / Aichi University, Japan...........................................................................................................1041 Kyobe, Michael / University of the Free State, South Africa ....................................................................................437 Lam, Queendy / Meinhardt (Hong Kong) Limited, Hong Kong ............................................................................1120 Lang, Michael / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland...........................................................................565 Laurindo, Fernando José Barbin / University of São Paulo, Brazil.........................................................................502 Lawson-Body, Assion / University of North Dakota, USA.............................................................................1022, 1152 Lee, Cheon-Pyo / Mississippi State University, USA ................................................................................................754 Lee, Chung-Shing / Pacific Lutheran University, USA and Yuan Ze University, Taiwan ....................................1058 Lee, Chung-wei / Auburn University, USA................................................................................................................792 Lei, Pouwan / University of Bradford, UK..........................................................................................................736, 998 Leow, Winnie C. H. / Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore...........................................................................20, 740, 908 Lepouras, George / University of Peloponnese, Greece..............................................................................1, 865, 1064 Li, Heng / Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong....................................................................................933 Lightfoot, William S. / University of Monaco, Monaco...........................................................................................228 Littman, Marlyn Kemper / Nova Southeastern University, USA..............................................................................234 Liu, Jiang-Lung / National Defense University, Taiwan .........................................................................................480 Loebbecke, Claudia / University of Cologne, Germany............................................................................................948 Lou, Der-Chyuan / National Defense University, Taiwan........................................................................................480 Louvros, Spiros / University of Patras, Greece.......................................................................................................1254 Luna-Reyes, Luis Felipe / Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Mexico...............................................................636 Madlberger, Maria / Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, Austria...............................817 Markellou, Penelope / University of Patras, Greece.................................................................................................106 Mathiyalakan, Sathasivam / University of Massachusetts Boston, USA ......................................................................7 McLeod, Dennis / University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA..........................................................118, 858 Medlin, B. Dawn / Appalachian State University, USA............................................................................................902 Melliar-Smith, P. Michael / University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.......................................... 247, 552, 1222 Menéndez, Manuel Recio / University of Almería, Spain .........................................................................................530 Mezgár, István / Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary .................................................................................1094 Miller, Glenn / University of North Dakota, USA...................................................................................................1152 Mitrakas, Andreas / European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA), Greece...............................620 Mittal, Nitin / Nokia Pte Ltd, Singapore...................................................................................................................779 Mockler, Robert J. / St. John’s University, USA.........................................................................................................26 Moore, Melissa / Mississippi State University, USA.................................................................................................608 Moore, Robert S. / Mississippi State University, USA ..............................................................................................608 Moreira, Nuno A. / Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal......................................................1175 Moser, Louise E. / University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.......................................................... 247, 552, 1222 Mylonakis, John / Hellenic Open University, Greece.............................................................................................1185 Nakatani, Kazuo / Florida Gulf Coast University, USA............................................................................................112 Nemati, Hamid R. / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA............................................................703 Ng, Fung Fai / The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.......................................................................................391 Nichols, Jason / Arizona State University, USA .......................................................................................................157 Niehaves, Björn / University of Münster, Germany ..................................................................................................926 O’Buyonge, Abrams A. / Creighton University, USA...............................................................................................379 Oermann, Andrea / Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany........................................................1101 Olatokun, Wole Michael / Africa Regional Centre for Information Sciences (ARCIS), Nigeria.......................89, 291 O’Looney, John / University of Georgia, USA........................................................................................................1009 Ong, Chee Chye / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.........................................................................908 Owen, Robert S. / Texas A&M University — Texarkana, USA........................................................................853, 1243 Paraskevi, Tzouveli / National Technical University of Athens, Greece.................................................................445 Paravastu, Narasimha / Drexel University, USA.....................................................................................................1089 Park, Sangin / Seoul National University, Republic of Korea................................................................................259 Petrova, Krassie / Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand....................................................................766 Pierre, Samuel / École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada ..........................................................................786, 968 Pires, Luís Carlos M. / Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Portugal ..................................................................1175 Polyzos, George C. / Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece..........................................................716 Porter, Thomas W. / University of North Carolina Wilmington, USA.....................................................................163 Protogeros, Nicolaos / University of Macedonia, Greece..............................................................................1003, 1185 Pylarinos, Gerasimos / University of Patras, Greece.............................................................................................1254 Quah, Jon T. S. / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ........................................................13, 20, 740, 908 Raisinghani, Mahesh S. / Texas Woman’s University, USA......................................................................................418 Ramesh, Balasubramaniam / Georgia State University, USA..................................................................................197 Ratnasingam, Pauline / Central Missouri State University, USA............................................................................495 Reisman, Sorel / MERLOT.ORG, USA & California State University, Fullerton, USA..........................................472 Rennard, Jean-Philippe / Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France.............................................................653 Ricarte, Ivan Luiz Marques / DCA/FEEC—UNICAMP, Brazil..............................................................................1211 Rigou, Maria / University of Patras, Greece.............................................................................................................106 Roberts, Mary Lou / University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.................................................................................57 Rolland, Colette / CRI, France...................................................................................................................................183 Rosen, Deborah E. / University of Rhode Island, USA..............................................................................................691 Rosenbaum, René / University of Rostock, Germany................................................................................................545 Rosson, Philip / Dalhousie University, Canada.......................................................................................................666 Rowe, Michelle / Edith Cowan University, Australia...............................................................................................340 Rowe, Neil C. / U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, USA ............................................................................................177 Russo, Wilma / DEIS, University of Calabria, Italy.................................................................................................319 Saddler Jr., Thomas M. / Veterans Service Office, USA..........................................................................................1152 Saha, Pallab / National University of Singapore, Singapore..........................................................................272, 1046 Sahoo, Tapas R. / University of Dallas, USA.............................................................................................................418 Salam, A. F. / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA............................................................600, 1236 Salo, Jari / University of Oulu, Finland..................................................................................................................1035 Samarati, Pierangela / Università di Milano, Italy..................................................................................................973 Samson, Danny / University of Melbourne, Australia .........................................................................................31, 660 Samuel, Delyth / University of Melbourne, Australia.................................................................................................31 Scanniello, Guiseppe / University of Salerno, Italy..................................................................................................217 Scarpi, Daniele / University of Bologna, Italy..........................................................................................................296 Schumann, Heidrun / University of Rostock, Germany............................................................................................545 Schwaab, Eric / Visual Narrative, USA .......................................................................................................................57 Scott, Murray / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland..............................................................................50 Seet, Vincent L. H. / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.......................................................................13 Sethi, Neerja / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.........................................................................43, 172 Sethi, Vijay / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ...........................................................................43, 172 Shah, Mahmood H. / Cranfield University, UK..........................................................................................................253 Sharma, Sushil K. / Ball State University, USA ........................................................................................302, 373, 626 Shih, Ya-Yueh / MingHsin University of Science & Technology, Taiwan...............................................................895 Shin, Seung Kyoon / University of Rhode Island, USA.............................................................................................691 Singh, Anesh Maniraj / University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa...............................................................488, 772 Singh, Mohini / RMIT University, Australia...........................................................................................................1016 Sirmakessis, Spiros / University of Patras, Greece.................................................................................................106 Soh, Y. K. / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore....................................................................................740 Sotiropoulou, Anya / University of Peloponnese, Greece.......................................................................................1064 Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou, Anastasia S. / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece......508 Standing, Craig / Edith Cowan University, Australia..............................................................................................340 Statica, Robert / New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA....................................................................................1070 Stewart, Concetta / Temple University, USA ......................................................................................................559, 698 Straub, Detmar / Georgia State University, USA .....................................................................................................514 Subramaniam, R. / Singapore National Academy of Science, Singapore.............................................................1191 Sundaram, David / University of Auckland, New Zealand........................................................................................919 Suomi, Reima / Turku School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland .............................................537 Szewczak, Edward J. / Canisius College, USA .........................................................................................................615 Tahinakis, Panayiotis / University of Macedonia, Greece.....................................................................................1185 Tähtinen, Jaana / University of Oulu, Finland .......................................................................................................1035 Tan, Boon / Sunderland Business School, UK..........................................................................................................264 Tatnall, Arthur / Victoria University, Australia.....................................................................................631, 1016, 1217 Tewoldeberhan, Tamrat / Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands...........................................................457 Theotokis, Dimitrios / University of Peloponnese, Greece....................................................................................1064 Tian, Yan / University of Missouri - St. Louis, USA ..................................................................................................559 Tobar, Carlos Miguel / Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Brazil.........................................................1211 Toland, Janet / Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.............................................................................308 Tominski, Christian / University of Rostock, Germany...........................................................................................545 Tse, Philip Kwok Chung / The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China................................................829 Tso, Hao-Kuan / National Defense University, Taiwan............................................................................................480 Tyan, Jonah C. / Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Taiwan........................................................1126 Van Dyke, Thomas P. / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA .....................................................703 Vassilakis, Costas / University of Peloponnese, Greece.............................................................................1, 865, 1064 Verbraeck, Alexander / Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands .............................................................457 Ververidis, Christopher / Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece..................................................716 Vilmos, András / SafePay Systems, Ltd., Hungary..................................................................................................1114 Vorisek, Jiri / University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic..........................................................................431 Walker, Beth / Edith Cowan University, Australia .................................................................................................340 Wan, Kwan-Ming / International Business Machine, UK ........................................................................................998 Wan, Yun / University of Houston, Victoria, USA....................................................................................................129 Wang, Fen / University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ...........................................................................64, 451 Wang, Jijie / Georgia State University, USA ...........................................................................................................514 Wang, John / Montclair State University, USA........................................................................................................314 Wang, K. L. / Xi’an Jiaotong University, China ......................................................................................................359 Wang, Ming / California State University, USA.......................................................................................................124 Wang, Wenye / North Carolina State University, USA............................................................................................709 Wang, Yingge / Wayne State University, USA...................................................................................................210, 385 Warkentin, Merrill / Mississippi State University, USA ..................................................................................608, 754 Weippl, Edgar R. / Vienna University of Technology, Austria.................................................................................135 Whiteley, David / Manchester Metropolitan University, UK ...................................................................................397 Wieloch, Karol / The Poznañ University of Economics, Poland..............................................................................799 Wiggins, Anne / The London School of Economics and Political Science, UK.....................................................464 Wilkes, Siobhan / Woburn Sands, UK ......................................................................................................................253 Wojtkowski, Wita / Boise State University, USA...................................................................................................1248 Wong, T. T. / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.................................................................573, 684 Xenos, Michalis / Hellenic Open University, Greece .............................................................................................1029 Xing, Ruben / Montclair State University, USA .......................................................................................................314 Xu, Jianliang / Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong....................................................................................760 Xu, Mark X. / University of Portsmouth, UK............................................................................................................253 Xu, Qian / Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...................................................................................933 Yang, Hung-Jen / National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.......................................................................792 Yang, Samuel C. / California State University, Fullerton, USA ..............................................................................284 Yao, James / Montclair State University, USA .........................................................................................................314 Yee, George / National Research Council Canada, Canada ..................................................................................985 Yeh, Jyh-haw / Boise State University, USA..............................................................................................................792 Yeo, Alvin Y.C. / University of Western Australia, Australia....................................................................................334 Yigitcanlar, Tan / Griffith University, Australia..................................................................................................37, 353 Yong, K. L. / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore....................................................................................20 Youn, Seongwook / University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA..............................................................858 Young, Brett / Georgia State University, USA..........................................................................................................151 Young, Rupert / University of Sussex, UK.................................................................................................................998 Yow, Kin Choong / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore........................................................................779 (cid:1)(cid:2)ebrowski, Pawe(cid:3) / The Poznañ University of Economics, Poland..........................................................................799 Zhao, Fang / Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Australia........................................................993 Zhao, Wenbing / Cleveland State University, USA ..................................................................................................552

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Encyclopedia of E-Commerce, E-Government, and Mobile Commerce MMMMMeeeeehhhhhdddddiiiii KKKKKhhhhhooooosssssrrrrrooooowwwww-----PPPPPooooouuuuurrrrr Information Resources Management Association, USA IDEA GROUP REFERENCE Hershey • London • Melbourne • Singapore Acquisitions Editor: Michelle Potter Development Editor: Kristin Roth Senior Managing Editor: Amanda Appicello Managing Editor: Jennifer Neidig Copy Editors: Maria Boyer, Julie LeBlanc, Shanelle Ramelb, Becky Shore, and Larissa Vinci Typesetters: Diane Huskinson Support Staff: Sharon Berger, Amanda Kirlin, and Sara Reed Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff Printed at: Yurchak Printing Inc. Published in the United States of America by Idea Group Reference (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200 Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.idea-group-ref.com and in the United Kingdom by Idea Group Reference (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.) 3 Henrietta Street Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 0609 Web site: http://www.eurospanonline.com Copyright © 2006 by Idea Group Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of e-commerce, e-government, and mobile commerce / Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, editor. p. cm. Summary: "This encyclopedia covers the 3-technologies field highlight current concepts, trends, challenges and applications"-- Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-59140-799-0 (hardcover) -- ISBN 1-59140-800-8 (ebook) 1. Electronic commerce--Encyclopedias. 2. Internet in public administration--Encyclopedias. 3. Mobile commerce--Encyclopedias. I. Khosrowpour, Mehdi, 1951- HF5548.32.E52 2006 381'.14203--dc22 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. (cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:21)(cid:6)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:5)(cid:12)"(cid:9)(cid:20)(cid:10)(cid:25)(cid:6)(cid:17)(cid:4)(cid:12)&(cid:6)(cid:11)(cid:17)(cid:9) Annie Becker, Florida Institute of Technology, USA George Ditsa, United Arab Emirates University, UAE Yair Levy, Nova Southeastern University, USA Mahesh S. Raisinghani, Texas Woman’s University, USA Edward J. Szewczak, Canisius College, USA (cid:28)(cid:10)(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:12)(cid:6)(cid:13)(cid:12)(cid:15)(cid:6)(cid:2)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:23)(cid:29)(cid:21)(cid:6)(cid:17)(cid:25) Abdelkafi, Nizar / Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Germany .............................................................811 Abels, Sven / University of Oldenburg, Germany .......................................................................................................95 Abramowicz, Witold / The Poznañ University of Economics, Poland......................................................................799 Acton, Thomas / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland............................................................................50 Ajiferuke, Isola / University of Western Ontario, Canada.......................................................................................291 Alexander, Paul / Edith Cowan University, Australia............................................................................................1082 Algermissen, Lars / University of Münster, Germany..............................................................................................926 Almazán, Rodrigo Sandoval / Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Mexico.....367 Anke, Juergen / Dresden University of Technology, Germany................................................................................919 Aroyo, Lora / Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands.......................................................................424 Ash, Colin G. / Edith Cowan University, Australia...........................................................................................240, 729 Averweg, Udo Richard / eThekwini Municipality and University of Kwazul-Natal, South Africa..........................836 Bahn, David L. / Metropolitan State University of Minnesota, USA........................................................................103 (cid:1) Bana kiewicz, Krzysztof / The Poznañ University of Economics, Poland..............................................................799 Barima, O. K. B. / University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong...............................................................................347, 1169 Barko, Christopher D. / Laboratory Corporation of America, USA........................................................................703 Baum, Scott / Griffith University, Australia.........................................................................................................37, 353 Becker, Jörg / University of Münster, Germany.......................................................................................................926 Berge, Zane / UMBC, USA......................................................................................................................................1053 Blecker, Thorsten / Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Germany...........................................678, 811, 941 Boateng, Beatrice A. / Ohio University, USA.....................................................................................................884, 890 Boateng, Kwasi / Ohio University, USA .............................................................................................................884, 890 Bode, Shirley / Edith Cowan University, Australia..................................................................................................340 Boonstra, Albert / University of Groningen, The Netherlands ................................................................................580 Bozanis, Panayiotis / University of Thessaly, Greece...............................................................................................594 Brace, Todd / Provident Bank, USA........................................................................................................................1053 Braga, Antônio Pádua / Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.......................................................................520 Bridges, Eileen / Kent State University, USA.............................................................................................................83 Brindley, Clare / University of Central Lancashire, UK..........................................................................................525 Brown, Christopher / American University, USA .....................................................................................................403 Burgess, Stephen / Victoria University, Australia..........................................................................................631, 1016 Burn, Janice M. / Edith Cowan University, Australia .....................................................................240, 340, 729, 1082 Cannoy, Sherrie D. / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA................................................600, 1139 Cardoso, Jorge / University of Madeira, Portugal...................................................................................................979 Carvalho, José Dinis A. / Universidade do Minho, Portugal.................................................................................1175 Castro, Cristiano Leite / University of Belo Horizonte, Brazil ................................................................................520 Cazier, Joseph A. / Appalachian State University, USA..........................................................................................902 Chan, Susy S. / DePaul University, USA.................................................................................................................1230 Chan, W. K. / The Hong Kong Marine Police Force, Hong Kong...........................................................................684 Chatwin, Chris / University of Sussex, UK................................................................................................................998 Chen, Andrew / Arizona State University, USA.................................................................................................157, 223 Chen, Anne Yun-An / University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA..........................................................118 Chen, Charlie / Appalachian State University, USA.......................................................................................284, 1075 Chen, Leida / Creighton University, USA.................................................................................................................379 Chen, Qiyang / Montclair State University, USA.....................................................................................................314 Chen, Yiche Grace / Yuan Ze University, Taiwan...................................................................................................1058 Chen, Yining / Western Kentucky University, USA ..................................................................................................359 Chen, Yu-Che / Iowa State University, USA.............................................................................................................203 Chen, Zhen / University of Reading, UK...................................................................................................................933 Cheng, Jie / Wayne State University, USA.........................................................................................................210, 385 Cheng, Qiang / Wayne State University, USA....................................................................................................210, 385 Chiam, Michael K.M. / Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore ......................................................................................334 Chochliouros, Ioannis P. / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece ................................508 Chu, K. C. / IVE (Tsing Yi), Hong Kong..................................................................................................................1120 Chuang, Ta-Tao / Gonzaga University, USA.............................................................................................................112 Clegg, Ben / Aston University, UK............................................................................................................................264 Close, Angeline Grace / University of Georgia, USA, North Georgia College and State University, USA, and University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA........................................................................................................168, 1158 Costagliola, Gennaro / Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy...................................................................1146, 1205 Craig, Ron / Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada............................................................................................191, 1133 Cremonini, Marco / Università di Milano, Italy.......................................................................................................973 Cripps, Helen / Edith Cowan University, Australia .................................................................................................340 Dall’Olmo-Riley, Francesca / University of Kingston upon Thames, UK................................................................296 Damiani, Ernesto / Università di Milano, Italy ........................................................................................................973 Dasgupta, Prithviraj / University of Nebraska, Omaha, USA...................................................................................247 D’Aubeterre, Fergle / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA .....................................................1236 Dave, Dinesh S. / Appalachian State University, USA .............................................................................................902 de Brock, Bert / University of Groningen, The Netherlands ...................................................................................580 De Capitani di Vimercati, Sabrina / Università di Milano, Italy.............................................................................973 de Freitas, Ricardo Luís / Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Brazil....................................................1211 De Lucia, Andrea / University of Salerno, Italy........................................................................................................217 de Medeiros Jr., Alberto / University of São Paulo, Brazil......................................................................................502 de Paula Pessôa, Marcelo Schneck / University of São Paulo, Brazil.....................................................................502 Deek, Fadi P. / New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA.......................................................................................1070 Di Martino, Sergio / Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy.......................................................................1146, 1205 Dicheva, Darina / Winston-Salem State University, USA..........................................................................................424 Ding, Yi / Georgia State University, USA.................................................................................................................514 Dittmann, Jana / Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany............................................................1101 Dologite, Dorothy G. / Baruch College, USA ..............................................................................................................26 Ducoffe, Robert H. / Baruch College, The City University of New York (CUNY), USA...........................................842 Efendioglu, Alev M. / University of San Francisco, USA ..........................................................................................327 Egea, José Manuel Ortega / University of Almería, Spain.......................................................................................530 Fan, Ya-Han / Yuan Ze University, Taiwan .............................................................................................................1058 Fang, Kwoting / National Yunlin University Science of Technology, Taiwan ........................................................895 Ferrucci, Filomena / Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy ......................................................................1146, 1205 Feuerlicht, George / University of Technology, Sydney, Australia..........................................................................431 Finney, R. Zachary / University of South Alabama, USA ................................................................................168, 1158 Fisteus, Jesús Arias / Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain...................................................................................78 Flavián, Carlos / University of Zaragoza, Spain.....................................................................................................1163 Foley, Pat / University of Melbourne, Australia........................................................................................................660 Forgionne, Guisseppi / University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA .................................................................64 Fortino, Giancarlo / DEIS, University of Calabria, Italy..........................................................................................319 Francese, Rita / University of Salerno, Italy.............................................................................................................217 Galloway, Chris / Monash University, Australia......................................................................................................805 Gao, Yuan / Ramapo College of New Jersey, USA....................................................................................................842 Garro, Alfredo / DEIS, University of Calabria, Italy................................................................................................319 Gartenfeld, Marc E. / St. John’s University, USA........................................................................................................26 Gefen, David / Drexel University, USA.....................................................................................................................1089 Gibson, Rick / American University, USA.................................................................................................................403 Gil-García, J. Ramón / University at Albany, SUNY & Harvard University, USA............................................367, 636 Ginoglou, Dimitrios / University of Macedonia, Greece........................................................................................1185 Goldsmith, Ronald E. / Florida State University, USA.........................................................................................83, 408 Gravino, Carmine / Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy .................................................................................1205 Guan, Sheng-Uei / National University of Singapore, Singapore............................. 279, 644, 747, 871, 954, 962, 1198 Guinalíu, Miguel / University of Zaragoza, Spain..................................................................................................1163 Gurãu, Cãlin / Groupe Sup. de Co. Montpellier, France ..........................................................................587, 722, 848 Hahn, Axel / University of Oldenburg, Germany ........................................................................................................95 Harris, Albert L. / Appalachian State University, USA .........................................................................................1075 Hassan, Amir / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland..........................................................................878 Hawk, Stephen / University of Wisconsin, Parkside, USA ........................................................................................648 He, Shaoyi / California State University, San Marcos, USA....................................................................................823 Hietanen, Herkko / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland...................................................................878 Hill, Séamus / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland ...............................................................................50 Hin, Leo Tan Wee / Singapore National Academy of Science, Singapore............................................................1191 Hofacker, Charles F. / Florida State University, USA ...............................................................................................83 Hong, Ju / Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...................................................................................933 Houben, Geert-Jan / Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium .........................................................................................424 Hsu, HY Sonya / Southern Illinois University, USA..................................................................................................914 Hu, Wen-Chen / University of North Dakota, USA ..................................................................................................792 Huang, Thomas S. / University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA..................................................................210 Huang, Wayne / Ohio University, USA......................................................................................................................359 Hughes, Martin / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland...........................................................................50 Hwang, Ha Sung / Temple University, USA...............................................................................................................698 Illia, Abdou / Eastern Illinois University, USA........................................................................................................1022 Ingham, John / University of Sherbrooke, Canada..................................................................................................141 Iyer, Lakshmi / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA ...............................................................1139 Jain, Radhika / Georgia State University, USA.................................................................................................197, 672 Janssen, Marijn / Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.......................................................................457 Jeanson, Benoit / University of Sherbrooke, Canada ..............................................................................................141 Joia, Luiz Antonio / Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration of Getulio Vargas Foundation and Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil...........................................................................................................72 Kaabi, Rim Samia / CRI, France................................................................................................................................183 Kang, Kyung Woo / University of Rhode Island, USA..............................................................................................691 Karnouskos, Stamatis / Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS, Germany...........................................................................1114 Kasi, Vijay / Georgia State University, USA......................................................................................................151, 672 Kellen, Vince / DePaul University, USA.................................................................................................................1230 Kloos, Carlos Delgado / Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain................................................................................78 Knepper, Richard / Indiana University, USA............................................................................................................203 Koch, Hope / Baylor University, USA ........................................................................................................................413 Kock, Ned / Texas A&M International University, USA.........................................................................................1109 Kollias, Stefanos / National Technical University of Athens, Greece......................................................................445 Kong, Stephen C.W. / Loughborough University, UK..............................................................................................933 Korba, Larry / National Research Council Canada, Canada.................................................................................985 Kotsopoulos, Stavros / University of Patras, Greece...............................................................................................1254 Koufaris, Marios / Baruch College, The City University of New York (CUNY), USA.............................................842 Kulviwat, Songpol / Hofstra University, USA.............................................................................................................914 Kurihara, Yutaka / Aichi University, Japan...........................................................................................................1041 Kyobe, Michael / University of the Free State, South Africa ....................................................................................437 Lam, Queendy / Meinhardt (Hong Kong) Limited, Hong Kong ............................................................................1120 Lang, Michael / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland...........................................................................565 Laurindo, Fernando José Barbin / University of São Paulo, Brazil.........................................................................502 Lawson-Body, Assion / University of North Dakota, USA.............................................................................1022, 1152 Lee, Cheon-Pyo / Mississippi State University, USA ................................................................................................754 Lee, Chung-Shing / Pacific Lutheran University, USA and Yuan Ze University, Taiwan ....................................1058 Lee, Chung-wei / Auburn University, USA................................................................................................................792 Lei, Pouwan / University of Bradford, UK..........................................................................................................736, 998 Leow, Winnie C. H. / Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore...........................................................................20, 740, 908 Lepouras, George / University of Peloponnese, Greece..............................................................................1, 865, 1064 Li, Heng / Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong....................................................................................933 Lightfoot, William S. / University of Monaco, Monaco...........................................................................................228 Littman, Marlyn Kemper / Nova Southeastern University, USA..............................................................................234 Liu, Jiang-Lung / National Defense University, Taiwan .........................................................................................480 Loebbecke, Claudia / University of Cologne, Germany............................................................................................948 Lou, Der-Chyuan / National Defense University, Taiwan........................................................................................480 Louvros, Spiros / University of Patras, Greece.......................................................................................................1254 Luna-Reyes, Luis Felipe / Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Mexico...............................................................636 Madlberger, Maria / Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, Austria...............................817 Markellou, Penelope / University of Patras, Greece.................................................................................................106 Mathiyalakan, Sathasivam / University of Massachusetts Boston, USA ......................................................................7 McLeod, Dennis / University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA..........................................................118, 858 Medlin, B. Dawn / Appalachian State University, USA............................................................................................902 Melliar-Smith, P. Michael / University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.......................................... 247, 552, 1222 Menéndez, Manuel Recio / University of Almería, Spain .........................................................................................530 Mezgár, István / Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary .................................................................................1094 Miller, Glenn / University of North Dakota, USA...................................................................................................1152 Mitrakas, Andreas / European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA), Greece...............................620 Mittal, Nitin / Nokia Pte Ltd, Singapore...................................................................................................................779 Mockler, Robert J. / St. John’s University, USA.........................................................................................................26 Moore, Melissa / Mississippi State University, USA.................................................................................................608 Moore, Robert S. / Mississippi State University, USA ..............................................................................................608 Moreira, Nuno A. / Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal......................................................1175 Moser, Louise E. / University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.......................................................... 247, 552, 1222 Mylonakis, John / Hellenic Open University, Greece.............................................................................................1185 Nakatani, Kazuo / Florida Gulf Coast University, USA............................................................................................112 Nemati, Hamid R. / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA............................................................703 Ng, Fung Fai / The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.......................................................................................391 Nichols, Jason / Arizona State University, USA .......................................................................................................157 Niehaves, Björn / University of Münster, Germany ..................................................................................................926 O’Buyonge, Abrams A. / Creighton University, USA...............................................................................................379 Oermann, Andrea / Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany........................................................1101 Olatokun, Wole Michael / Africa Regional Centre for Information Sciences (ARCIS), Nigeria.......................89, 291 O’Looney, John / University of Georgia, USA........................................................................................................1009 Ong, Chee Chye / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.........................................................................908 Owen, Robert S. / Texas A&M University — Texarkana, USA........................................................................853, 1243 Paraskevi, Tzouveli / National Technical University of Athens, Greece.................................................................445 Paravastu, Narasimha / Drexel University, USA.....................................................................................................1089 Park, Sangin / Seoul National University, Republic of Korea................................................................................259 Petrova, Krassie / Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand....................................................................766 Pierre, Samuel / École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada ..........................................................................786, 968 Pires, Luís Carlos M. / Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Portugal ..................................................................1175 Polyzos, George C. / Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece..........................................................716 Porter, Thomas W. / University of North Carolina Wilmington, USA.....................................................................163 Protogeros, Nicolaos / University of Macedonia, Greece..............................................................................1003, 1185 Pylarinos, Gerasimos / University of Patras, Greece.............................................................................................1254 Quah, Jon T. S. / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ........................................................13, 20, 740, 908 Raisinghani, Mahesh S. / Texas Woman’s University, USA......................................................................................418 Ramesh, Balasubramaniam / Georgia State University, USA..................................................................................197 Ratnasingam, Pauline / Central Missouri State University, USA............................................................................495 Reisman, Sorel / MERLOT.ORG, USA & California State University, Fullerton, USA..........................................472 Rennard, Jean-Philippe / Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France.............................................................653 Ricarte, Ivan Luiz Marques / DCA/FEEC—UNICAMP, Brazil..............................................................................1211 Rigou, Maria / University of Patras, Greece.............................................................................................................106 Roberts, Mary Lou / University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.................................................................................57 Rolland, Colette / CRI, France...................................................................................................................................183 Rosen, Deborah E. / University of Rhode Island, USA..............................................................................................691 Rosenbaum, René / University of Rostock, Germany................................................................................................545 Rosson, Philip / Dalhousie University, Canada.......................................................................................................666 Rowe, Michelle / Edith Cowan University, Australia...............................................................................................340 Rowe, Neil C. / U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, USA ............................................................................................177 Russo, Wilma / DEIS, University of Calabria, Italy.................................................................................................319 Saddler Jr., Thomas M. / Veterans Service Office, USA..........................................................................................1152 Saha, Pallab / National University of Singapore, Singapore..........................................................................272, 1046 Sahoo, Tapas R. / University of Dallas, USA.............................................................................................................418 Salam, A. F. / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA............................................................600, 1236 Salo, Jari / University of Oulu, Finland..................................................................................................................1035 Samarati, Pierangela / Università di Milano, Italy..................................................................................................973 Samson, Danny / University of Melbourne, Australia .........................................................................................31, 660 Samuel, Delyth / University of Melbourne, Australia.................................................................................................31 Scanniello, Guiseppe / University of Salerno, Italy..................................................................................................217 Scarpi, Daniele / University of Bologna, Italy..........................................................................................................296 Schumann, Heidrun / University of Rostock, Germany............................................................................................545 Schwaab, Eric / Visual Narrative, USA .......................................................................................................................57 Scott, Murray / National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland..............................................................................50 Seet, Vincent L. H. / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.......................................................................13 Sethi, Neerja / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.........................................................................43, 172 Sethi, Vijay / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ...........................................................................43, 172 Shah, Mahmood H. / Cranfield University, UK..........................................................................................................253 Sharma, Sushil K. / Ball State University, USA ........................................................................................302, 373, 626 Shih, Ya-Yueh / MingHsin University of Science & Technology, Taiwan...............................................................895 Shin, Seung Kyoon / University of Rhode Island, USA.............................................................................................691 Singh, Anesh Maniraj / University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa...............................................................488, 772 Singh, Mohini / RMIT University, Australia...........................................................................................................1016 Sirmakessis, Spiros / University of Patras, Greece.................................................................................................106 Soh, Y. K. / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore....................................................................................740 Sotiropoulou, Anya / University of Peloponnese, Greece.......................................................................................1064 Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou, Anastasia S. / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece......508 Standing, Craig / Edith Cowan University, Australia..............................................................................................340 Statica, Robert / New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA....................................................................................1070 Stewart, Concetta / Temple University, USA ......................................................................................................559, 698 Straub, Detmar / Georgia State University, USA .....................................................................................................514 Subramaniam, R. / Singapore National Academy of Science, Singapore.............................................................1191 Sundaram, David / University of Auckland, New Zealand........................................................................................919 Suomi, Reima / Turku School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland .............................................537 Szewczak, Edward J. / Canisius College, USA .........................................................................................................615 Tahinakis, Panayiotis / University of Macedonia, Greece.....................................................................................1185 Tähtinen, Jaana / University of Oulu, Finland .......................................................................................................1035 Tan, Boon / Sunderland Business School, UK..........................................................................................................264 Tatnall, Arthur / Victoria University, Australia.....................................................................................631, 1016, 1217 Tewoldeberhan, Tamrat / Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands...........................................................457 Theotokis, Dimitrios / University of Peloponnese, Greece....................................................................................1064 Tian, Yan / University of Missouri - St. Louis, USA ..................................................................................................559 Tobar, Carlos Miguel / Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Brazil.........................................................1211 Toland, Janet / Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.............................................................................308 Tominski, Christian / University of Rostock, Germany...........................................................................................545 Tse, Philip Kwok Chung / The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China................................................829 Tso, Hao-Kuan / National Defense University, Taiwan............................................................................................480 Tyan, Jonah C. / Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Taiwan........................................................1126 Van Dyke, Thomas P. / The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA .....................................................703 Vassilakis, Costas / University of Peloponnese, Greece.............................................................................1, 865, 1064 Verbraeck, Alexander / Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands .............................................................457 Ververidis, Christopher / Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece..................................................716 Vilmos, András / SafePay Systems, Ltd., Hungary..................................................................................................1114 Vorisek, Jiri / University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic..........................................................................431 Walker, Beth / Edith Cowan University, Australia .................................................................................................340 Wan, Kwan-Ming / International Business Machine, UK ........................................................................................998 Wan, Yun / University of Houston, Victoria, USA....................................................................................................129 Wang, Fen / University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ...........................................................................64, 451 Wang, Jijie / Georgia State University, USA ...........................................................................................................514 Wang, John / Montclair State University, USA........................................................................................................314 Wang, K. L. / Xi’an Jiaotong University, China ......................................................................................................359 Wang, Ming / California State University, USA.......................................................................................................124 Wang, Wenye / North Carolina State University, USA............................................................................................709 Wang, Yingge / Wayne State University, USA...................................................................................................210, 385 Warkentin, Merrill / Mississippi State University, USA ..................................................................................608, 754 Weippl, Edgar R. / Vienna University of Technology, Austria.................................................................................135 Whiteley, David / Manchester Metropolitan University, UK ...................................................................................397 Wieloch, Karol / The Poznañ University of Economics, Poland..............................................................................799 Wiggins, Anne / The London School of Economics and Political Science, UK.....................................................464 Wilkes, Siobhan / Woburn Sands, UK ......................................................................................................................253 Wojtkowski, Wita / Boise State University, USA...................................................................................................1248 Wong, T. T. / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.................................................................573, 684 Xenos, Michalis / Hellenic Open University, Greece .............................................................................................1029 Xing, Ruben / Montclair State University, USA .......................................................................................................314 Xu, Jianliang / Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong....................................................................................760 Xu, Mark X. / University of Portsmouth, UK............................................................................................................253 Xu, Qian / Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...................................................................................933 Yang, Hung-Jen / National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.......................................................................792 Yang, Samuel C. / California State University, Fullerton, USA ..............................................................................284 Yao, James / Montclair State University, USA .........................................................................................................314 Yee, George / National Research Council Canada, Canada ..................................................................................985 Yeh, Jyh-haw / Boise State University, USA..............................................................................................................792 Yeo, Alvin Y.C. / University of Western Australia, Australia....................................................................................334 Yigitcanlar, Tan / Griffith University, Australia..................................................................................................37, 353 Yong, K. L. / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore....................................................................................20 Youn, Seongwook / University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA..............................................................858 Young, Brett / Georgia State University, USA..........................................................................................................151 Young, Rupert / University of Sussex, UK.................................................................................................................998 Yow, Kin Choong / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore........................................................................779 (cid:1)(cid:2)ebrowski, Pawe(cid:3) / The Poznañ University of Economics, Poland..........................................................................799 Zhao, Fang / Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Australia........................................................993 Zhao, Wenbing / Cleveland State University, USA ..................................................................................................552

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