Encyclopedia of Diets - A Guide to Health and Nutrition

1115 Pages·2008·28.9 MB·English

GALE
The
ENCYCLOPEDIA of
D
IETS
A GUIDE TO HEALTH AND NUTRITION
GALE
The
ENCYCLOPEDIA of
D
IETS
A GUIDE TO HEALTH AND NUTRITION
F I R S T E D I T I O N
VOLUMES
1 2
A – L M – Z
JACQUELINE L. LONGE, EDITOR
GaleEncyclopediaofDiets:AGuidetoHealthandNutrition
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ISBN978-1-4144-2991-5(set)--ISBN978-1-4144-2992-2(vol.1)--ISBN978-1-4144-2993-9
(vol.2)
1. Nutrition--Encyclopedias.2. Diet--Encyclopedias.3. Health--Encyclopedias.
I.Longe,JacquelineL. II.ThomsonGale(Firm) III.Title:Encyclopediaofdiets.
RA784.G3452007
613.203--dc22
2007014851
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CONTENTS
Alphabetical List of Entries vii
.......................
Introduction xi
................................................
Advisory Board xiii
.........................................
Contributors xv
..............................................
Entries
Volume1 (A–L).........................................1
Volume2 (M–Z).....................................633
Glossary 1029
.................................................
General Index 1059
........................................
GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DIETS v
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ENTRIES
Britishheartfoundationdiet
A D
Bulimianervosa
Absdiet DASHDiet
Acnediet DeanOrnish’sEatMore,
ADHDdiet C WeighLess
Adolescentnutrition
Dehydration
Adultnutrition Cabbagesoupdiet
DeniseAustinFitforever
Africandiet Caffeine
Detoxificationdiets
African-Americandiet
Calcium
DHEA
AIDS/HIVinfection
Calorierestriction
Alcoholconsumption Diabetesmellitus
Cambridgediet
AmericanDiabetesAssociation Diarrheadiet
Cancer
AmericanDieteticAssociation Dietdrugs
Cancer-fightingfoods
AnneCollinsprogram
Dietarycholesterol
Carbohydrateaddict’sdiet
Anorexianervosa
Dietaryguidelines
Anti-agingdiet Carbohydrates
Anti-inflammatorydiets CaribbeanIslanderdiet Dietaryreferenceintakes
Antioxidants Carotenoids Dietarysupplements
Arthritisdiet Cavemandiet Dietwatch
Artificialpreservatives Celiacdisease Digestivediseases
Artificialsweeteners CentralAmericanand Diureticsanddiets
Asiandiet Mexicandiet Diverticulardiseasediet
Atkinsdiet CentralEuropeanand Dr.Feingolddiet
Russiandiet
Dr.Phil’sdiet
ChangeOnediet
Dyspepsia
Chickensoupdiet
B
Childhoodnutrition
Bariatricsurgery Childhoodobesity
Bernsteindiet Children’sdiets E
BeverlyHillsdiet
Chocolatediet
Bingeeating Eatingdisorders
Choline
Bioengineeredfood EatingforLife
Chromium
Biotin Echinacea
ClevelandClinic3-daydiet
Bloodtypediet
eDiets
Constipation
BobGreene’sdiet
Electrolytes
Copper
BodyforLifediet
Bodyimage Coronaryheartdisease Eliminationdiets
Bodymassindex Cravings Encopresis
Bodybuildingdiet Crohn’sdisease Ephedra
Breastfeeding CSIROtotalwellbeingdiet Ergogenicaids
GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DIETS vii
s HiltonHeadmetabolismdiet Manganese
e
ri F HispanicandLatinodiet Maplesyrupurinedisease
t
n
E Hollywooddiet MayoClinicdiet(faddiet)
of Faddiets Hoodia MayoClinicplan(endorsedby
t Fatflushdiet
s Hyperactivityandsugar clinic)
Li Fatreplacers
al Hyperlipidemia Meckel’sdiverticulum
betic FFaattssmashdiet HHyyppeerrtteringsliyocneridemia MMeeddiiftaersrtaneandiet
a Fen-Phen
h Menopausediet
p Fiber
Al Men’snutrition
FitforLifediet
Metabolism
I
Flaxseed
Minerals
Fluoride
Infantnutrition Molybdenum
Folate
Inflammatoryboweldisease
Foodadditives
Intuitiveeating
Foodallergies
Intussusception
N
Foodcontamination
Iodine
Foodlabeling
Iron NativeAmericandiet
Foodpoisoning
Irradiatedfood Neaderthin
Foodsafety
Irritablebowelsyndrome Negativecaloriediet
Foodsensitivities
Irritablebowelsyndromediet Niacin
Frenchparadox
NorthernEuropeandiet
Frozen-fooddiet
Nutrigenomics
Fructoseintolerance
J NutriSystem
Fruitariandiet
Nutritionandmentalhealth
JennyCraigdiet Nutritionliteracy
JillianMichaelsdiet
G Juicefasts
O
Gallstones
Gastroesophagealrefluxdisease K Obesity
Giardiasis Omega-3fattyacids
Gingseng Ketogenicdiets Optifast
Ginkgobiloba Kidneydiet OptimumHealthPlan
Glucosamine Oralhealthandnutrition
Gluten-freediet Organicfood
Glycemicindexdiets Orlistat
L
Goutdiet Osteoporosis
Grapefruitdiet LAWeightLossprogram Osteoporosisdiet
GreekandMiddleEasterndiet Lactoseintolerantdiet Ovolactovegetarianism
Greentea Lacto-vegetarianism Ovovegetarianism
Liquiddiets
Low-cholesteroldiet
Low-fatdiet
H P
Low-proteindiet
Hamptonsdiet Low-sodiumdiet PacificIslanderAmericandiet
Haydiet PacificIslanderdiet
Healthyheartdiet Pantothenicacid
Heartburn M Peanutbutterdiet
Hemorrhoids Perriconediet
Herbalife Macrobioticdiet Personalitytypediet
High-fat/low-carbdiets Macronutrients Phytonutrients
High-fiberdiet Magnesium Pregnancydiet
High-proteindiet Maker’sdiet Pritikindiet
viii GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DIETS
Prostate Soy VitaminA A
lp
Protein Spirulina VitaminB6 h
a
Sportsnutrition VitaminB b
12 e
t
St.John’swort VitaminC ic
a
l
R Subwaydiet VitaminD L
is
SuzanneSomersweightlossplan VitaminE t
o
Rawfoodsdiet f
VitaminK E
Religionanddietarypractices n
Vitamins tr
Renalnutrition ie
T Volumetrics s
Riboflavin
Rice-baseddiets Thiamin
RichardSimmonsdiet 3-daydiet
W
Rosedalediet 3-hourdiet
TLCdiet Warriordiet
Transfats
Water
Traveler’sdiarrhea
S Weightcycling
Triglycerides
WeightLoss4Idiots
Sacredheartdiet
TrimKids
WeightWatchers
Scandinaviandiet
Women’snutrition
Scarsdalediet
Selenium
U
Seniornutrition
Shangri-ladiet Ulcers Y
Sixdaybodymakeover USDAFoodGuidePyramid
Yersinia
Sixweekbodymakeover (MyPyramid)
Slim4life
Slim-Fast
Sodium V Z
Sonomadiet
Zinc
Veganism
SouthAmericandiet
Zonediet
Vegetarianism
SouthBeachdiet
GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DIETS ix
PLEASE READ—IMPORTANT INFORMATION
The Gale Encyclopedia of Diets: A Guide to Health Gale Group makes no representations or warranties of
and Nutrition is a health reference product designed to anykind,includingwithoutlimitation,warrantiesofmer-
inform and educate readers about a wide varietyof chantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose,nordoesit
diets, nutrition and dietary practices, and diseases and guaranteetheaccuracy,comprehensiveness,ortimeliness
conditions associated with nutrition choices. The Gale of the information contained in this product. Readers
Group believes the product to be comprehensive, but shouldbeawarethattheuniverseofmedicalknowledge
not necessarily definitive. It is intended to supple- isconstantlygrowingandchanging,andthatdifferences
ment, not replace, consultation with a physician or of opinion exist among authorities. Readers are also
other healthcare practitioners. While The Gale advisedtoseekprofessionaldiagnosisandtreatmentfor
Grouphasmadesubstantialeffortstoprovideinforma- any medical condition, and to discuss information
tionthatisaccurate,comprehensive,andup-to-date,The obtainedfromthisbookwiththeirhealthcareprovider.
x GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DIETS
INTRODUCTION
TheGaleEncyclopediaofDiets:AGuidetoHealth (cid:2) Description
andNutritionisaone-stopsourcefordietandnutrition
(cid:2) Precautions
information that covers popular and special diets,
nutrition basics, and nutrition-related health condi- (cid:2) Interactions
tions.Italsoparticularlyaddresseshealthandnutrition
(cid:2) Aftercare
concerns across all age groups from infancy through
old age. This encyclopedia avoids medical jargon and (cid:2) Complications
uses language that laypersons can understand, while
(cid:2) Parentalconcerns
still providing thorough coverage of each topic. The
Gale Encyclopedia of Diets: A Guide to Health and (cid:2) Resources
Nutrition is not meant to be an endorsement for any (cid:2) Keyterms
onedietorlifestylebutratheritpresentsauthoritative,
Health
balancedinformation.
(cid:2) Definition
SCOPE (cid:2) Description
Approximately275full-lengtharticlesareincluded (cid:2) Demographics
in The Gale Encyclopedia of Diets: A Guide to Health
(cid:2) Causesandsymptoms
and Nutrition. Articles follow a standardized format
thatprovidesinformationataglance.Rubricsinclude: (cid:2) Diagnosis
Special/PopularDiets (cid:2) Treatment
(cid:2) Definition (cid:2) Nutrition/Dieteticconcerns
(cid:2) Origins (cid:2) Therapy
(cid:2) Description (cid:2) Prognosis
(cid:2) Function (cid:2) Prevention
(cid:2) Benefits (cid:2) Resources
(cid:2) Precautions (cid:2) Keyterms
(cid:2) Risks
(cid:2) Researchandgeneralacceptance INCLUSIONCRITERIA
(cid:2) Questionstoaskyourdoctor Apreliminarylistofdietsandnutritiontopicswas
compiled from a wide variety of sources, including
(cid:2) Resources
professional medical guides and textbooks, as well as
(cid:2) Keyterms consumer guides and encyclopedias. The advisory
NutritionBasics board evaluated the topics and made suggestions for
inclusion.Finalselectionoftopicstoincludewasmade
(cid:2) Definition
by the advisors in conjunction with Gale Group
(cid:2) Purpose editors.
GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DIETS xi