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E NCYCLOPEDIA OF ADOLESCENCE Volume 1 Normative Processes in Development E NCYCLOPEDIA OF ADOLESCENCE EDITORS-IN-CHIEF B. BRADFORD BROWN University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI USA MITCHELL J. PRINSTEIN University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC USA VOLUME 1 NORMATIVE PROCESSES IN DEVELOPMENT AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 32JamestownRoad,LondonNW17BY,UK 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA 525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA Copyright©2011ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeanselectronic, mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(þ44)(0)1865843830; fax(þ44)(0)1865853333;email:permissions@elsevier.com.AlternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheElsevierweb siteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselectingObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability, negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein, Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independentverificationofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCatalogNumber:2011924972 ISBN(print):978-0-12-373915-5 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteatbooks.elsevier.com PrintedandboundinItaly 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Editorial:SeraRelton,JasonMitchell,JoanneCollett Production:MikeNicholls EDITOR BIOGRAPHIES DrB.BradfordBrownisProfessorofHumanDevelopmentandformerChairoftheDepartment of Educational Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He received an A.B. in sociologyfromPrincetonUniversityandaPhDinhumandevelopmentfromtheUniversityof ChicagobeforejoiningthefacultyoftheUniversityofWisconsinin1979.DrBrown’sresearchhas focusedonadolescentpeerrelations.Heisespeciallywellknownforhisworkonteenagepeer groupsandpeerpressureandtheirinfluenceonschoolachievement,socialinteractionpatterns, andsocialadjustment.HeistheformerEditoroftheJournalofResearchonAdolescenceandapast member of the Executive Council of the Society for Research on Adolescence. He also chaired (2006–08) the SRA Study Group on Parental Involvement in Adolescent Peer Relations. He is the co-editor or co-author of 5 books, including The Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence(withWyndolFurmanandCandiceFeiring),TheWorld’sYouth:Adolescencein8Regions oftheGlobe(withReedLarsonandT.S.Saraswathi),andLinkingParentsandFamilytoAdolescentPeer Relations: Ethnic and Cultural Considerations (with Nina Mounts). Dr Brown has served as a consultant for numerous groups, including the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, theNationalCampaigntoPreventTeenPregnancy,theNationalAcademyofSciencesBoardon ScienceEducationaswellastheBoardonChildren,YouthandFamilies,andtheBlueRibbons SchoolsprogramoftheU.S.DepartmentofEducation. MitchellJ.Prinstein,PhDisaBowmanandGordonGrayDistinguishedTermProfessorandthe DirectorofClinicalPsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill.Hereceived hisPhDinclinicalpsychologyfromtheUniversityofMiamiandcompletedhisinternshipand postdoctoral fellowship at the Brown University Clinical Psychology Training Consortium. ProfessorPrinstein’sresearchexaminesinterpersonalmodelsofinternalizingsymptomsandhealth riskbehaviorsamongadolescents,withaspecificfocusontheuniqueroleofpeerrelationships inthedevelopmentalpsychopathologyofdepressionandself-injury.HeisthePIonseveralpast andactivegrantsfromtheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,theNationalInstituteofChildand HumanDevelopment,andseveralprivatefoundations.HehasservedasanAssociateEditorforthe JournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,aneditorialboardmemberforseveraldevelopmental psychopathologyjournals,andamemberoftheNIHStudySectiononPsychosocialDevelopment, Risk,andPrevention.ProfessorPrinsteinhasreceivedseveralnationalanduniversity-basedawards recognizinghiscontributionstoresearch(AmericanPsychologicalAssociationSocietyofClinical PsychologyTheodoreBlauEarlyCareerAward,ColumbiaUniversity/BrickellAwardforresearchon suicidality,APAFellowoftheSocietyofClinicalChildandAdolescentPsychology),teaching(UNC ChapelHillTannerAwardforUndergraduateTeaching),andprofessionaldevelopmentofgraduate students(AmericanPsychologicalAssociationofGraduateStudentsRaymondD.FowlerAward). v EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD MaraBrendgen FeltonEarls DepartmentofPsychology HarvardMedicalSchool UniversityofQuebecatMontreal DepartmentofSocialMedicine 305rueChristin 2ArrowStreet,9thFloor Montreal,QC,Canada ProjectCHASE H2X1M5 Cambridge,MA02138 JeanneBrooks-Gunn DanielKeating Teacher’sCollege UniversityofMichigan ColumbiaUniversity TheCenterforHumanGrowthandDevelopment Box39 300NorthIngalls,10thFloor 525West120thStreet AnnArbor NewYork MI48109-0406 NY10027 MarlisBuchmann Jari-ErikNurmi DepartmentofSociology DepartmentofPsychology UniversityofZurich UniversityofJyva¨skyla¨ Andreasstrasse15 P.O.Box35 Zurich,8050 FI-40014Jyva¨skyla¨ Switzerland Finland LaurieChassin RainerSilbereisen ArizonaStateUniversity UniversityofJena PsychologyDepartment,Box871104 DepartmentofDevelopmentalPsychology Tempe,AZ85287-1104 AmSteiger3,Haus1 W.AndrewCollins D-07743Jena InstituteofChildDevelopment Germany UniversityofMinnesota 104AChildDevelopment AliceSchlegel 51EastRiverRoad TheUniversityofArizona Minneapolis 1009E.SouthCampusDrive MN55455 Tucson,AZ85721-0030 vii CONTRIBUTORS BAmani BBogin UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA LoughboroughUniversity,Loughborough,Leicestershire, UK SEAAnderson TuftsUniversity,Medford,MA,USA MJBoyd TuftsUniversity,Medford,MA,USA KMAntshel SUNY–UpstateMedicalUniversity,Syracuse,NY,USA RHBradley ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,AZ,USA EApplegate UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA MBraun UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI,USA SArel UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI,USA DABrent WesternPsychiatricInstituteandClinic,Pittsburgh, EMArnold PA,USA WakeForestUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Winston- Salem,NC,USA ECBriggs DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham,NC,USA SRAsher DukeUniversity,Durham,NC,USA BBBrown UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI,USA SBAvny VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity,Richmond,VA,USA JDBrown UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,ChapelHill, RABarkley NC,USA MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,Charleston, SC,USA RCBrown VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity,Richmond,VA,USA SMBascoe UniversityofRochester,Rochester,NY,USA RTBrown WayneStateUniversity,Detroit,MI,USA CBeam UniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,VA,USA MCBuchmann UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland RSBeidas TempleUniversity,Philadelphia,PA,USA SBurg ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NY,USA VWBerninger UniversityofWashington,Seattle,WA,USA JPByrnes TempleUniversity,Philadelphia,PA,USA LSBlackwell UniversityofMiami,CoralGables,FL,USA LLCaldwell PennStateUniversity,UniversityPark,PA,USA PSBobkowski UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,ChapelHill, CMCallahan NC,USA UniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,VA,USA ix

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125 major issues of adolescent development and behavior, the Encyclopedia of Adolescence documents the diverse and complex routes that For example, children who thought that an unknown adult would be a more interpretation of a Mozart piece, were ignored in traditional creativity research.