EMERGINGTECHNOLOGIESINNON-DESTRUCTIVETESTING BALKEMA–ProceedingsandMonographs inEngineering,WaterandEarthSciences PROCEEDINGS OFTHE 4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF EMERGINGTECHNOLOGIES INNON-DESTRUCTIVETESTING(ETNDT4),STUTTGART,GERMANY,2–4APRIL2007 Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing Editors Gerhard Busse UniversityofStuttgart,Germany Danny Van Hemelrijck VrijeUniversiteitBrussel,Belgium Igor Solodov UniversityofStuttgart,Germany Athanasios Anastasopoulos Envirocoustics,Athens,Greece Taylor&FrancisisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2008Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,UK TypesetbyVikatanPublishingSolutions(P)Ltd.,Chennai,India PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd(CPIgroup),Chippenham,Wiltshire. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationortheinformationcontainedhereinmaybereproduced,stored inaretrievalsystem, ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans, electronic, mechanical, byphotocopying, recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpriorpermissionfromthepublisher. 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Publishedby:Taylor&Francis/Balkema P.O.Box447,2300AKLeiden,TheNetherlands e-mail:[email protected] www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk/engineering,www.crcpress.com ISBN:978-0-415-46476-5(hbk) ISBN:978-0-203-89541-2(ebook) EmergingTechnologiesinNon-DestructiveTesting–Busseetal.(eds) ©2008Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-46476-5 Table of Contents Preface IX Organisation XI Keynotelectures Damagecharacterizationandreal-timehealthmonitoringofaerospace structuresbasedonultrasonicmicroscopyandnonlinearacoustics 3 T.E.Matikas NDEofmicrostructuredmaterialsbyX-raydiffractionandrefractiontopography 15 M.P.Hentschel,K.-W.Harbich,B.R.Müller,A.Lange,J.Schors&O.Wald Useofstateoftheartparametricarraysforlowfrequencymeasurementsinsound absorbingporousmaterials 23 B.Castagnede,A.Moussatov,D.Lafarge,V.Tournat&V.Gusev Opticaltechniques CracksizingusinglaservibrometermeasurementsofSurfaceAcousticWaves 33 R.Longo,S.Vanlanduit&P.Guillaume Non-destructiveevaluationofcompositestructuresusinganinnovativeBraggsensor 39 G.Luyckx,J.Degrieck,W.DeWaele,W.VanPaepegem,J.Vlekken&T.Verbeke NewpossibilitiesandapplicationsofLockin-Speckle-Interferometryfornon-destructive testingofpolymers 45 P.Menner,H.Gerhard&G.Busse Investigationoffatiguecracksusingdigitalimagecorrelation 53 S.Vanlanduit,J.Vanherzeele,R.Longo&P.Guillaume MonitoringofacurvedbeamteststructureusingBraggsensors 59 G.Luyckx,J.Degrieck,I.DeBaere,W.DeWaele,W.VanPaepegem&T.Verbeke Theuseofopticalfibersforfatiguetestingoffiber-reinforcedthermoplastics 65 I.DeBaere,G.Luyckx,W.VanPaepegem,J.Degrieck,E.Voet&J.Vlekken IlluminationdirectionfactorinquantitativeshearographyNDTanalysis 71 W.S.WanAbdullah Ultrasound Advancedtransducerdevelopmentforlongrangeultrasonicinspectionsystems 79 A.G.Haig,P.J.Mudge,T-H.Gan&W.Balachandran Damageassessmentofcompositesafterfatiguebymeansofacousticmethods 83 T.T.Assimakopoulou&T.P.Philippidis NewopportunitiesinacousticNDTusingfrequencyconversionbynonlineardefects 89 K.Pfleiderer,I.Solodov&G.Busse V Monitoringofdamageaccumulationincyclicloadedc/cwovencompositesusingthe acousto-ultrasonicsapproach 95 T.H.Loutas&V.Kostopoulos Non-destructivetestingoffueltanksusinglong-rangeultrasonics 99 L.Mažeika,R.Kažys,R.Raišutis,A.Demcˇenko,R.Šliteris&C.Cantore Guidedacousticmodesfortestingsurfacelayersofunconsolidatedgranularmedia 105 X.Jacob,V.Aleshin,V.Tournat,O.Dazel,J.-F.Allard,V.Gusev,P.Leclaire&W.Lauriks Thinlayerscharacterizationbylowfrequencyultrasonictransmission 113 R.Mittal&G.Rus Laserultrasonicsfornon-contactmaterialscharacterizationoffiberreinforcedmaterials 121 P.Burgholzer,C.Hofer,B.Reitinger,H.P.Degischer,D.Loidl,P.Schulz,R.Nuster&G.Paltauf Investigationofmodeconversioninultrasonicair-couplednon-destructivetesting 129 R.Kažys,A.Demcˇenko,L.Mažeika,R.Šliteris&E.Žukauskas Air-coupledultrasonicpitch-catchmethodformaterialinspection 137 E.Blomme,D.Bulcaen,F.Declercq,J.Deveugele&P.Lust Improvementofperformanceofscanningacousticmicroscopeforon-lineinspection ofelectroniccomponents 145 L.Mažeika,R.Kažys,O.Tumšys&C.Gartside Acousticemission Damagediscriminationofcompositesbasedonwaveletdecomposedacousticemissionsignals 153 G.Kalogiannakis&D.VanHemelrijck RiskassessmentoftunnelsbyQuantitativeAcousticEmissionNon-Destructivemethod 161 G.Muravin,L.Lezvinsky&B.Muravin QuantitativeAcousticEmissionNonDestructiveInspectionmethodanditsapplication toriskassessmenthighenergypiping,fossilnuclearandchemicalplants 167 B.Muravin,G.Muravin&L.Lezvinsky Theapplicationofcepstrumandkurtosisanalysisaspredictivemaintenancetools invibrationandacousticemissionsignalsobtainedfromreciprocatingmachinery 171 S.C.Kerkyras Thermalmethods Afastandrobustmethodfordeterminingthermaldiffusivityimagesincomplexgeometries 179 G.Mayr,G.Hendorfer,G.Zauner&F.Puchberger DeepLevelPhoto-ThermalSpectroscopy 187 J.Xia&A.Mandelis ThermalcharacterizationofcompositematerialsbygratingIRthermography 193 G.Kalogiannakis,H.Zhang,C.Glorieux,J.Ravi,S.Longuemart&D.VanHemelrijck UltrasoundSweepThermography(UST)asanewmethodofnon-destructivetesting 199 C.Spiessberger,A.Gleiter&G.Busse Non-contactcasedepthmonitoringofindustrialhardenedpartsusinglaser infraredphotothermalradiometry 205 A.Mandelis,J.A.Garcia&C.-H.Wang Portablecomputedtomographicsystemforin-situinspectionofindustrialpipelines 211 J.Abdullah,G.H.P.Mohamad,M.A.Hamzah,M.S.M.Yusof,M.F.A.Rahman&F.Ismail VI Radiographyandtomographicmethods Synchrotron-Refraction-Computed-TomographyforNDTandcharacterisationof lightweightcompositematerials 217 B.R.Müller,A.Lange,M.Harwardt,M.P.Hentschel,B.Illerhaus,J.Goebbels J.Bamberg&F.Heutling Non-destructivetestingwithterahertzradiation:Applicationsinthefield ofpolymerfabricationandfoodproduction 223 C.Jördens,F.Rutz,S.Wietzke&M.Koch Directiterativereconstructionofcomputertomographytrajectories(DIRECTT) 229 A.Lange,M.P.Hentschel&J.Schors Characterizationofautomotivepartsbyanovelmulti-scantomographysystem 237 M.Simon,I.Tiseanu,C.Sauerwein,M.Sindel,R.Kauermann&J.Schmidt NDTwithOpticalCoherenceTomography:Anoveltoolformaterialcharacterization 243 D.Stifter,E.I.Breuer,M.Wurm,K.Wiesauer,M.Pircher,E.Götzinger, C.K.Hitzenberger,R.Engelke,G.Ahrens&G.Grützner Electro-magnetictechniques Defectdetectionusinganon-contactelectricpotentialdropmethodformultilayer carboncompositematerials 251 P.Stiffell,R.J.Prance,W.Gebrial,C.J.Harland&H.Prance Lift-offandedgeeffectsinmicro-magnetictestingofheat-treatedsteelC45 257 J.Grum&P.Žerovnik Anelectromagneticnon-invasiveexaminationtechniqueofBjörk-ShileyConvexo-Concave prostheticheartvalve:Degradationmodelingandperiodicclinicalcontrolsoptimization usingMarkovmodel 263 R.Grimberg,A.Savin,R.Steigmann,S.C.Chan,L.Udpa,S.S.Udpa&F.Pinte Electricalresistancemeasurementoncarbonfiberreinforcedthermoplasticswithrivetsaselectrodes 269 I.DeBaere,W.VanPaepegem&J.Degrieck Subsurfaceimagingusingmovingelectromagneticfieldsandsurfaceacousticwaves 275 G.Mook,F.Michel,J.Simonin,M.Krüger&M.Luther InverseproblemfortheECtransducerwithrotatingmagneticfield;applicationtopressuretubes inspectionforPHWRnuclearpowerplant 281 R.Grimberg,A.Savin,R.Steigmann,L.Udpa,S.S.Udpa&A.Bruma EddyCation—theall-digitaleddycurrenttoolforeducationandinnovation 289 G.Mook&J.Simonin NDTofcivilengineeringstructures Damagecharacterizationofdeterioratedconcretestructuresbystresswavemethods 297 D.G.Aggelis&T.Shiotani Improvingresultsofthermographicinspectionsofelectricaltransmissionanddistributionlines 303 J.Snell&J.Renowden Structuralhealthmonitoringincivilengineering—applicationsusingwirelesssensornetworks 313 C.U.Grosse&M.Krüger Ultrasonicnondestructivethroughtransmissiontestingofconcrete 319 A.A.Shah&Y.Ribakov VII Specialtechniquesandapplications Theeffectofdefectsonthestrengthofadhesively-bondedjointsanditssignificanceforNDT 327 R.D.Adams&E.F.Karachalios ComparisonofdifferentX-raycomputedtomographytechniquesforthequantitative characterizationofthe3Dmicrostructureofpearfruittissue 331 P.Verboven,H.Mebatsion,F.Mendoza,K.Temst,M.Wevers,B.Nicolaï&P.Cloetens Identificationofthemechanicalmaterialparametersthroughinversemodelling 337 S.Cooreman,D.Debruyne,S.Coppieters,D.Lecompte&H.Sol Fusedsensorscanningsystemfornon-destructivetestingofmetalmatrixcomposites 343 V.Shinde,T.Valatka,J.Donahue,D.Ozevin,V.F.Godínez-Azcuaga,R.Finlayson, B.B.Raju&A.Anastasopoulos Ultrasoundandeddycurrentdatafusionforevaluationofcarbon-epoxycompositesdelaminations 349 R.Grimberg,R.Steigmann,S.Leitoiu,A.Andreescu&A.Savin Constitutivemodelsforsolidscontainingroughcracks:Frommicrotomacro 357 V.Aleshin&K.VanDenAbeele Authorindex 365 VIII EmergingTechnologiesinNon-DestructiveTesting–Busseetal.(eds) ©2008Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-46476-5 Preface ThisbookcontainsthepaperspresentedatthefourthInternationalConferenceonEmergingTechnologiesin NDTheldinStuttgart,Germany,April2–4,2007(ETNDT4).Itisthefourthvolumeofproceedingsofaseries ofthequadrennialInternationalConferencesinitiatedin1995. In an attempt to broaden a long-term and fruitful cooperation between the Department of Materials and Constructions(MeMC)oftheFreeUniversityofBrusselsandtheDepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringof theUniversityofPatrasandtopromoteworld-wideexchangebetweenscientistsandengineersworkinginthe fieldofNDT,thefirstJointBelgian-HellenicConferenceonNDT,wasorganizedinPatras,Greece,in1995. AfterthesuccessofthisfirstConference, thedecisionwasmadetoproceedwithorganizingthesecondand the third International Conferences in Athens (1999) and Thessaloniki (2003). From the second Conference onward,thetitle‘‘EmergingTechnologiesinNDT’’waschosentobetterrepresentthespiritoftheConferences and to emphasize the innovative character of the topics discussed. In addition to the scientific programme, anaccompanyingTechnologyTransferandBusinessPartnershipEventwasorganizedwithassistanceofthe InnovationRelayCentre(IRC)Help-Forward.Inthisframework,thecompany/laboratoryprofilesofferingor lookingforanewknow-howinthefieldofNDTweredistributedaroundtheIRCnetworkinordertoencourage bilateralmeetingsandcollaboration. Following the suggestions of the participants of the third ETNDT in Thessaloniki (2003) to expand the Conferencebeyondthebilateralframework,thedecisionwasmadetoorganizeETNDT4elsewhereinEurope. TheorganizingcommitteewashonoredtoaccepttheinvitationofProfessorGerdBussetohosttheconference inStuttgart,thecapitalofthestateBaden-Württembergandtheheartofthehi-techGermanindustrialarea.The SI-Event-Centrewhichofferedauniquecombinationofconferencefacilities,internationalhotels,andfirst-class entertainmentwasselectedastheConferencevenue. The three-day event provided a forum for scientists, engineers and practitioners as well as end-users to review the latest developments, identify particular needs and opportunities for further advances, exchange knowledge and experience with other well-known experts and to outline the milestones for further progress in this important field. The event also provided the framework for establishment of links and partnerships throughouttheTechnologyTransferandBusinessPartnershipmeetingswiththecontributionoftheInnovation RelayCentersNetworkandIRCHelp-Forward.TheConferencealsoincludedanequipmentexhibition,giving theopportunityforacloselookatthelatestNDT-productsusedinindustrialapplications. TheexcellentkeynotelecturespresentedbyProfessorsT.E.Matikas(UniversityofIoannina,Greece),M.P. Hentschel (BAM, Germany) and B. Castagnede (University du Maine, France) highlighted recent scientific andtechnologicalachievementsinNDT.Besidesthesecontributions,thepresentvolumeofProceedingscon- tainsmorethan55paperspresentedattheConferenceandisexpectedtoformavaluablerecordofimportant contributionstotherelevantliterature. The editors would like to express their gratitude to the authors of this volume and the members of the InternationalScientificCommitteefortheirintensivework,cooperationandconstructivereviewsinselecting thefinalpapers.WeareproudtohavewelcomedinStuttgartallwell-knownexpertsinthefieldwhocameto sharetheirscientificknowledgeduringformalandinformaldiscussions. ThesuccessoftheConferencewasalsoprovidedbyvastpreparatoryworkdonebyitsSecretariat.Wevery muchappreciatethediligenceoftheConferenceSecretaryMrs.MyriamBourlauandMr.FransBoulpaep. WegratefullyacknowledgetheenthusiasmandcommitmentofthepersonnelandstudentsoftheDepartment ofNon-DestructiveTesting(IKT-ZfP),UniversityofStuttgartwhoputagreatdealofeffortinprovidingtechnical supportoftheConferencesessions. OurspecialthanksgoestotheIRCHelp-ForwardstaffwhoorganizedtheTTevent,especiallytoMs.Erifili HatzopoulouandProf.NikolaosE.Melanitis. Prof.GerhardBusse Prof.DannyVanHemelrijck Prof.IgorSolodov Dr.AthanasiosAnastasopoulos IX
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