Emerging Technologies in Agricultural Engineering

427 Pages·2017·43.26 MB·English

by  Megh R. Goyal

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Engineering
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Edited by
Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE
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International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-340-5 (Hardcover)
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Emerging technologies in agricultural engineering / edited by Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE.
(Innovations in agricultural and biological engineering)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-77188-340-5 (hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-315-36636-4 (PDF)
1. Agricultural engineering--Technological innovations. I. Goyal, Megh Raj, editor II. Series:
Innovations in agricultural and biological engineering
S674.3.E44 2017 630 C2017-901095-6 C2017-901096-4
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Goyal, Megh Raj, editor.
Title: Emerging technologies in agricultural engineering / editor: Megh R. Goyal.
Description: Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017005306 (print) | LCCN 2017006953 (ebook) | ISBN 9781771883405
(hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315366364 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Agricultural engineering.
Classification: LCC S675 .E48 2017 (print) | LCC S675 (ebook) | DDC 631.3--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017005306
Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears
in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products,
visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com
CONTENTS
List of Contributors .........................................................................................vii
List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................ix
Preface .............................................................................................................xi
Warning/Disclaimer ......................................................................................xvii
About Senior Editor-in-Chief .........................................................................xix
Book Messages ...............................................................................................xxi
Other Books on Agricultural & Biological Engineering .............................xxiii
Editorial ........................................................................................................xxv
PART I: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ...........................................................1
1. Drainage Congestion in Hirakud Command, Odisha:
Issues and Opportunities to Augment Crop Production .............................3
Balram Panigrahi, Jagadish Chandra Paul, and Kajal Panigrahi
2. Irrigation Technology Options for Selected Agricultural Crops ..............19
Vishal K. Chavan
PART II: ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE ............................31
3. Solar Energy: Principles and Applications .................................................33
M. K. Ghosal
4. Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion by Inoculation with Compost ...............107
Zhiji Ding, Nirakar Pradhan, and Willy Verstraete
5. Tractor Utilization in Vidarbha Region, India .........................................129
D. V. Tathod, Y. V. Mahatale, and V. K. Chavan
6. Performance of Reversible Mold Board Plow ..........................................137
Yogesh V. Mahatale, Dnyaneshwar V. Tathod, and Vishal K. Chavan
7. Performance of Self-Propelled Intercultivator .........................................165
Uddhao S. Kankal, M. Anantachar, and V. K. Chavan
vi Contents
PART III: MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ..........................207
8. Agro-Biodiversity Collection and Conservation from Arid and
Semi-Arid Regions of India ........................................................................209
Raju R. Meghwal and N. K. Dwivedi
9. Watershed Development and Management ..............................................231
R. K. Sivanappan
10. Water Resources of India: Problems, Solutions, and Prospects .............247
R. K. Sivanappan
11. Present Status of Water Resources in Tamil Nadu ..................................275
R.K. Sivanappan
12. Water Conservation and Increased Crop Production
Under Precision Farming ...........................................................................305
R. K. Sivanappan
PART IV: PRINCIPLES OF SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERING .............317
13. Basics of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering ...............................319
R. K. Sivanappan
Appendices ...........................................................................................................355
Index .....................................................................................................................385
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
M. Anantachar
Dean College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India.
Vishal K Chavan, PhD
Senior Research Fellow, AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Krishinagar PO, Akola 444104, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: [email protected].
Zhiji Ding, PhD
Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bio-Engineering Science, Ghent
University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium. Tel [phone], E-mail: jimmydzj2006@
gmail.com.
N. K. Dwivedi, PhD
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, CAZRI Campus, Jodhpur 342005,
Rajasthan, India. Mobile: [phone], E-mail: [email protected].
M. K. Ghosal, PhD
Professor, Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and
Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India,
E-mail: [email protected].
Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE
Retired Professor in Agricultural and Biomedical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico—Mayaguez
Campus; Senior Technical Editor-in-Chief in Agriculture Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Apple
Academic Press Inc., PO Box 86, Rincon, PR 00677, USA. E-mail: [email protected].
Uddhao S. Kankal, MTech
Testing Engineer, Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agriculture & Technology,
Dr. PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra, India. Mobile: [phone], E-mail: [email protected].
Y. V. Mahatale, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Farm Power & Machinery, College of Agricultural Engineering &
Technology, Warwat Road, Jalgaon, District Buldhana, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: yogeshvmahatale@
gmail.com.
Raju R. Meghwal, PhD
Research Scientist, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, CAZRI Campus,
Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
Balram Panigrahi, PhD
Professor and Head, Department of Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, College of Agricultural
Engineering & Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
India. E-mail: [email protected].
Kajal Panigrahi, MTech
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India. Phone: +91
8895997206, E-mail: [email protected].
viii List of Contributors
J. C. Paul, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, College of Agricultural
Engineering & Technology, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Phone: [phone], E-mail: [email protected].
Nirakar Pradhan, PhD
Doctoral Research Fellow, Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate (ETECOS3) Program, University of Napoli
Federico-II, Naples 80125, Italy. Tel. [phone], E-mail: [email protected].
R. K. Sivanappan, PhD
Former Professor and Dean, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University (TNAU), Coimbatore; current mailing address: Consultant, 14, Bharathi Park, 4th Cross
Road, Coimbatore, 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: [email protected].
D. V. Tathod, PhD
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Warwat Road, Jalgaon Jamod, Dist. Buldhana,
Maharashtra, India. Tel. [phone], Mobile: [phone], E-mail: dnyanutathod@gmail.
com.
Willy Verstraete, PhD
Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bio-Engineering Science,
Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AAP Apple Academic Press Inc.
ABE Agricultural and biological engineering
ADS Agricultural Development Society
AE Agricultural engineering
ASABE American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
ASAE American Society of Agricultural Engineers
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
CGWB Central Ground Water Board
COD Chemical oxygen demand
CWC Central Water Commission
HP Horsepower
HRT Hydraulic retention time
IBT Inter-basin transfer
IR Infrared
ISAE Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers
JJR Jalgaon Jamod region
KVK Krishi Vidya Kendra
MB Moldboard
MHM Million hectare-meter
MUSLE Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation
NCAM National Center for Agricultural Mechanization
NPP National Perspective Plan
NWDA National Water Development Agency
OTE Ocean thermal energy
PAU Punjab Agricultural University
PDs Project directors
PF Precision farming
PIA Project-implementing agency
PR Penetrometer resistance
RUSLE Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
SP Seepage and percolation
SRT Sludge loading rate
TCOD Total chemical oxygen demand
TN Tamil Nadu