Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance : Volume 2 - A Sustainable Approach

543 Pages·2014·5.97 MB·English

by  Parvaiz Ahmad

Emerging Technologies
and Management of
Crop Stress Tolerance
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Emerging Technologies
and Management of
Crop Stress Tolerance
A Sustainable Approach
Volume 2
Edited by
Parvaiz Ahmad
Saiema Rasool
AMSTERDAM(cid:129)BOSTON(cid:129)HEIDELBERG(cid:129)LONDON
NEWYORK(cid:129)OXFORD(cid:129)PARIS(cid:129)SANDIEGO
SANFRANCISCO(cid:129)SINGAPORE(cid:129)SYDNEY(cid:129)TOKYO
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Dedication
This book is dedicatedto
Hakim AbdulHameed
(1908(cid:1)1999)
Founder ofJamiaHamdard (HamdardUniversity)
New Delhi, India
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Contents
Preface...............................................................................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgments..............................................................................................................................xix
Aboutthe Editors................................................................................................................................xxi
List of Contributors..........................................................................................................................xxiii
CHAPTER 1 Improvement of Legume Crop Production Under Environmental
Stresses Through Biotechnological Intervention..................................1
Adeena Shafique,SammiaRehman,Azka Khan and Alvina Gul Kazi
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................1
1.2 Major stresses affecting legume crop production.....................................................2
1.3 Biotic stresses for legumes........................................................................................2
1.3.1 Fungi................................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Foliar diseases..................................................................................................3
1.3.3 Plant viruses.....................................................................................................3
1.3.4 Insects and pests..............................................................................................4
1.3.5 Parasitic weeds................................................................................................5
1.4 Biotechnological interventions for biotic stress tolerance inlegumes.....................5
1.4.1 Focus onfungalstress.....................................................................................5
1.5 Abiotic stresses inlegumes........................................................................................8
1.5.1 Drought............................................................................................................9
1.5.2 Salinity...........................................................................................................10
1.5.3 Temperature...................................................................................................10
1.6 Biotechnological interventions for abiotic stress tolerance inlegumes.................10
1.6.1 Soybean..........................................................................................................11
1.6.2 Cowpea..........................................................................................................15
1.7 Conclusion and future prospects..............................................................................16
References........................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 2 Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants.......................................................23
P.S. Sha Valli Khan,G.V. Nagamallaiah,M. Dhanunjay Rao,
K. Sergeantand J.F. Hausman
2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................23
2.2 Plant responses toabiotic stresses...........................................................................24
2.3 Proteomic analysisof responses to abiotic stresses................................................25
vii
viii Contents
2.3.1 Water stress....................................................................................................26
2.3.2 Imbalances inmineral nutrition....................................................................37
2.3.3 Heavy metal stress.........................................................................................41
2.3.4 Salt stress.......................................................................................................45
2.3.5 Temperature stress.........................................................................................47
2.4 Conclusion andfuture prospects..............................................................................55
References........................................................................................................................56
CHAPTER 3 Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Crop Improvement under
Environmental Stress..............................................................................69
MohammadAbassAhanger, Abeer Hashem, ElsayedFathi Abd-Allah
andParvaiz Ahmad
3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................69
3.2 Diversity ofarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi..............................................................71
3.3 Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil fertility..........................................72
3.4 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and environmental stressesinplants......................73
3.4.1 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and water stress............................................74
3.4.2 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salinity stress.........................................75
3.4.3 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pathogen attack......................................77
3.4.4 AMF and herbicides andpesticides..............................................................78
3.5 Iontransportinplants under stress andthe roleof arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi.....................................................................................................79
3.6 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mineral nutrition..............................................79
3.6.1 Phosphorus.....................................................................................................80
3.6.2 Nitrogen.........................................................................................................80
1 1
3.6.3 Potassiumand K /Na ratio.........................................................................81
3.6.4 Calcium..........................................................................................................82
3.6.5 Magnesium.....................................................................................................82
3.7 Conclusion andfuture prospects..............................................................................82
References........................................................................................................................83
CHAPTER 4 Role of Endophytic Microbes in Mitigation of Abiotic
Stress in Plants........................................................................................97
Amrita Kasotia and Devendra Kumar Choudhary
4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................97
4.2 Endophytediversity.................................................................................................98
4.3 Sustainable use of endophytes andhabitat-imposed abiotic stress.......................100
4.4 Conclusion andfuture prospects............................................................................102
Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................103
References......................................................................................................................103
Contents ix
CHAPTER 5 Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Elicited Induced Systemic
Resistance and Tolerance in Plants...................................................109
ShekharJain,Anookul Vaishnav,Amrita Kasotia, Sarita Kumari
and DevendraKumar Choudhary
5.1 Introduction............................................................................................................109
5.2 PGPB-elicited response of plants against biotic stress.........................................110
5.3 PGPB-producedelicitorsof ISR against biotic stress...........................................114
5.3.1 Siderophore..................................................................................................114
5.3.2 Antibiotics....................................................................................................115
5.3.3 Volatiles.......................................................................................................115
5.4 PGPB-elicited plantresponse against abioticstress..............................................117
5.5 Conclusion and future prospects............................................................................120
Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................121
References......................................................................................................................121
CHAPTER 6 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Metal Phytoremediation:
Ecophysiological Complementarity in Relation
to Environmental Stress........................................................................133
Patrick Audet
6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................133
6.1.1 Metal phytoremediation...............................................................................134
6.1.2 Objectives....................................................................................................135
6.2 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant stress tolerance......................................136
6.2.1 Enhanced metal/nutrientuptake..................................................................138
6.2.2 Metal/nutrient biosorption and precipitation...............................................141
6.2.3 Soil particulate microaggregation...............................................................143
6.3 Adoptingarbuscular mycorrhizal plants intometal phytoremediation................145
6.3.1 Plant(cid:1)soilexperimental perspectives.........................................................146
6.3.2 The burden of metal stress and the dilemma of resource allocation.........150
6.4 Conclusion and future prospects............................................................................152
Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................153
References......................................................................................................................153
CHAPTER 7 Biological Control of Fungal Disease by Rhizobacteria
under Saline Soil Conditions...............................................................161
Dilfuza Egamberdieva, Abeer Hashem and ElsayedFathiAbd-Allah
7.1 Introduction............................................................................................................161
7.2 Salinityandplantpathogens..................................................................................162
7.3 Plant growth-promotingrhizobacteria...................................................................163
7.4 Biological control...................................................................................................164