Emerging Environmental Technologies PDF
Preview Emerging Environmental Technologies
Vishal Shah Editor Emerging Environmental Technologies (cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:0)(cid:4) Emerging Environmental Technologies Emerging Environmental Technologies Editedby Vishal Shah DepartmentofBiology,DowlingCollege,Oakdale,NY,USA 1 3 Editor VishalShah DowlingCollege 150IdleHourBlvd. OakdaleNY11769 USA [email protected] ISBN:978-1-4020-8785-1 e-ISBN:978-1-4020-8786-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008932112 ª2008SpringerScienceþBusinessMediaB.V. Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recording orotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withtheexception ofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingentered andexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. Printedonacid-freepaper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com TomyparentsandDr.FrantisekNerud Preface In this day and age, it is unfortunate that the economic prosperity and developmentleadstodisruptionofthedynamicbalanceoftheenvironment. The philosophy of sustainable development has been presented for a long periodoftimebutithasnotbeenabletobringaboutasubstantialchangein our society. The transformation of this philosophy into a practical reality seems to be far away – at least in the foreseeable future. In my opinion, the only way I see the revolution taking place is for us to incorporate ‘sustainability’ in our daily living and to keep pushing for a sustainable society. Meanwhile, we also need scientists to work on technologies that would lead us to that goal at a faster pace. Technologies that are ‘completely’ environmentally friendly are needed urgently. And if such technologies or ideas of one exists, a platform is required that showcases such ideas to the scientific and non-scientific audience. Through this book, Iamhappytopresentthethoughtsofsevendifferentresearchgroupswhose workmayleadustothedoorstepsofsustainablesociety. As scientists, most of us specialize in a sub-topic that may be related to one of the three environmental components – air, land, or water. Over a period of time, we become so engrossed with the sub-discipline of our specialization that we only have glimpses of what is happening in other disciplines. I hope that this book will serve as a bridge between sub- disciplines of environmental technologies as it attempts to cover a wide array of topics across the boundaries of disciplines. The topics range from energy to catalysis to bioremediation. The book is anticipated to benefit the science and scientists as one would then be able to find common threads and problems amongst multiple disciplines. It also presents the developing technologies to non-scientific viewers who can now know about the new innovations without searching and screening within the huge reservoir of literature. Thesevenarticlesthatarepresentedthroughthisbookareallpeer-reviewed articles and I wish to thank all the contributing authors, including the ones whoseworkdidnotmakeitthroughthepeer-reviewprocess.Iwouldalsolike tothankMs.DeborahWynneforproofreadingthetext. vii viii Preface Finally,theresoundingresponsetothecallforarticlesIhavereceivedover thelastsixmonthsmakesmebelievethatthisbookandsimilaronestofollow will serve as a route to assorted reading on new frontiers in environmental technologies. NewYork,USA VishalShah Contents 1 UnderstandingtheDistinguishingFeaturesofaMicrobialFuelCellas aBiomass-BasedRenewableEnergyTechnology................ 1 BruceE.Rittmann,Ce´sarI.TorresandAndrewKatoMarcus 2 ScreeningMicrobesforIce-AssociatingProteinswithPotential Applicationas‘GreenInhibitors’forGasHydrates.............. 29 V.K.Walker,S.L.Wilson,Z.Wu,D.N.Miao,H.Zeng, J.A.RipmeesterandG.R.Palmer 3 SurfaceReactions:Bio-catalysisanEmergingAlternative......... 43 AnilMahapatroandRahulBhure 4 EnablingSimultaneousReductionsinFuelConsumption,NO , x andCO viaModelingandControlofResidual-AffectedLow 2 TemperatureCombustion.................................. 63 GregShaver 5 FlexibleSunlight—TheHistoryandProgressofHybrid SolarLighting .......................................... 83 L.CurtMaxey 6 Synthesis,Characterization,andApplicationofMagnetic NanocompositesfortheRemovalofHeavyMetalsfromIndustrial Effluents............................................... 105 ZhengheXuandJieDong 7 ApplicationofBacterialSwimmingandChemotaxisforEnhanced Bioremediation.......................................... 149 RajveerSinghandMiraS.Olson Index..................................................... 173 ix List of Contributors R.Bhure Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University, 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk,VA23504 J.Dong Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton,Alberta,CanadaT6G2G6 A.Mahapatro DepartmentofChemistry,CenterforBiotechnologyandBiomedicalSciences, Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University, 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk,VA23504,USA A.K.Marcus CenterforEnvironmentalBiotechnology,BiodesignInstitute atArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona,USA L.C.Maxey OakRidgeNationalLaboratory,P.O.Box2008,MS6054,OakRidge, TN37831,USA D.N.Miao DepartmentofBiology,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON, CanadaK7L3N6 M.S.Olson DepartmentofCivilArchitecturalandEnvironmentalEngineering, DrexelUniversity,3141ChestnutStreet,Philadelphia,PA19104,USA G.R.Palmer DepartmentofBiology,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON, CanadaK7L3N6 J.A.Ripmeester DepartmentofBiology,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON, CanadaK7L3N6 xi xii ListofContributors B.E.Rittmann CenterforEnvironmentalBiotechnology,BiodesignInstituteatArizona StateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona,USA V.Shah DepartmentofBiology,DowlingCollege,Oakdale,NY11769,USA G.Shaver School of Mechanical Engineering, Herrick Laboratories and Energy Center atDiscoveryPark,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN47907 R.Singh DepartmentofCivilArchitecturalandEnvironmentalEngineering, DrexelUniversity,3141ChestnutStreet,Philadelphia,PA19104,USA C.I.Torres CenterforEnvironmentalBiotechnology,BiodesignInstituteatArizonaState University,Tempe,Arizona,USA V.K.Walker DepartmentofBiology,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON,CanadaK7L3N6 S.L.Wilson DepartmentofBiology,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON,CanadaK7L3N6 Z.Wu DepartmentofBiology,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON,CanadaK7L3N6 Z.Xu Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton,Alberta,CanadaT6G2G6 H.Zeng DepartmentofBiology,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON,CanadaK7L3N6
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