EMERGENCY NEUROLOGY

416 Pages·2021·13.466 MB·English

Emergency
Neurology
Karen L. Roos
Editor
Second Edition
123
Emergency Neurology
Karen L. Roos
Editor
Emergency Neurology
Second Edition
Editor
Karen L. Roos
The John and Nancy Nelson Professor of Neurology
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, IN
USA
ISBN 978-3-030-75777-9 ISBN 978-3-030-75778-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75778-6
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Switzerland AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher,
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The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in
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This book is dedicated to Daphne, Ari and
Molly with love.
Preface
The evaluation and management of neurological emergencies are shared by
neurologists, emergency medicine physicians, internists, hospitalists, neuro-
surgeons, family practitioners, and advanced practice providers. The way we
care for these patients is defined by the scholarly work of those who are the
experts. Their work guides us in the care of our patients.
When Springer asked me to edit a second edition of Emergency Neurology,
I asked the authors of the first edition if they would be willing to write for a
second edition. I was overwhelmed by the generosity and the kindness of the
authors and their willingness to write for the second edition. There are also a
few new authors who have joined this distinguished group.
Although this book is intended for neurologists, emergency medicine phy-
sicians, internists, family practitioners, and hospitalists, it is so much more
than an ordinary textbook. It is a collection of the scholarly work of those
who have spent their careers doing the work they love, advancing knowledge
for the care of patients in their area of expertise. They are Living Legends.
This book is also a reunion of friends. What has made my career so meaning-
ful to me is my colleagues whose work I greatly admire and whose friendship
I dearly cherish.
Indianapolis, IN, USA Karen L. Roos
vii
Contents
1 Headache in the Emergency Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mark A. Whealy, Carrie E. Robertson, and Jerry W. Swanson
2 Low Back Pain Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chris Marcellino, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Greta B. Liebo,
Timothy P. Maus, and J. D. Bartleson Jr.
3 Dizziness and Vertigo Presentations in the Emergency
Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Kevin A. Kerber
4 Syncope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Mark D. Carlson
5 Acute Visual Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Jane H. Lock, Cédric Lamirel, Nancy J. Newman, and Valérie
Biousse
6 Diplopia, Third Nerve Palsies, and Sixth Nerve Palsies . . . . . . . 119
Janet C. Rucker and Rachel Calix
7 Facial Nerve Palsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Jennifer Siriwardane
8 Evaluation and Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke . . . . . . . 151
Richard V. Scheer
9 Intracerebral Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
David Dornbos III, Kendrick Johnson, Pratik V. Patel, and
Lucas Elijovich
10 Seizures and Status Epilepticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Joseph I. Sirven, Luca Farrugia, and Christian Rosenow
11 Central Nervous System Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Karen L. Roos
12 Guillain-Barré Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Kelsey Satkowiak and A. Gordon Smith
13 Spinal Cord Compression and Myelopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
William F. Schmalstieg and Brian G. Weinshenker
ix
x Contents
14 Movement Disorder Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Robert L. Rodnitzky and Christopher L. Groth
15 Encephalopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Steven L. Lewis
16 Acute Respiratory Failure in Neuromuscular Disorders . . . . . . 317
Cynthia Bodkin
17 Coma, Disorders of Consciousness, and Brain Death . . . . . . . . . 345
Rohan Mathur, Clotilde Balucani, Amjad Elmashala, and
Romergyko Geocadin
18 Neurotoxicology Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Laura M. Tormoehlen
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Contributors
Clotilde Balucani, MD, PhD Division of Neurocritical Care, The Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
J. D. Bartleson Jr., MD Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN, USA
Valérie Biousse, MD Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Emory University School
of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Cynthia Bodkin, MD Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana
University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Rachel Calix, MD Department of Neurology, New York University Langone
Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Mark D. Carlson, MD, MA Case Western Reserve University, Department
of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine,
Cleveland, OH, USA
David Dornbos III, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey
Clinic and University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis,
TN, USA
Lucas Elijovich, MD Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Semmes-
Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis,
TN, USA
Amjad Elmashala, MD The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine,
Iowa City, IA, USA
Luca Farrugia, MD Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy, Mayo
Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Jane H. Lock, FRANZCO Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands,
WA, Australia
Romergyko Geocadin, MD Division of Neurocritical Care, The Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
xi
xii Contributors
Christopher L. Groth, MD Neurology Department, Roy J. and Lucille
A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Kendrick Johnson, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes-Murphey
Clinic and University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis,
TN, USA
Kevin A. Kerber, MD Department of Neurology, University of Michigan
Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Cédric Lamirel, MD Service d’ophtalmologie, Fondation Ophtalmologique
Adolphe Rothschild, Paris, France
Steven L. Lewis, MD Division of Neurology, Lehigh Valley Health Network,
Allentown, PA, USA
Greta B. Liebo, MD Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN, USA
Chris Marcellino, MD Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Rohan Mathur, MD, MPA Division of Neurocritical Care, The Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Tim Maus, MD Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
Nancy J. Newman, MD Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Pratik V. Patel, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,
Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine,
Seattle, WA, USA
Alejandro A. Rabinstein, MD Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
Carrie E. Robertson, MD Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College
of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
Robert L. Rodnitzky, MD Neurology Department, Roy J. and Lucille
A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Karen L. Roos, MD The John and Nancy Nelson Professor of Neurology,
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Christian Rosenow, MD Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy,
Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Janet C. Rucker, MD Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, New
York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA