Embryology at a glance

122 Pages·2012·26.54 MB·English

by  Webster

Embryology
at a Glance
Companion website
This book is accompanied by a website containing a link to Dr Webster’s website and podcasts:
www.wiley.com/go/embryology
Embryology
at a Glance
Samuel Webster
Lecturer in Anatomy & Embryology
College of Medicine
Swansea University
Swansea, UK
Rhiannon de Wreede
Honorary Lecturer
College of Medicine
Swansea University
Swansea, UK
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Webster, Samuel, 1974-
Embryology at a glance / Samuel Webster, Rhiannon de Wreede.
p. ; cm. – (At a glance series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-470-65453-8 (pbk. : alk. paper)
I. De Wreede, Rhiannon. II. Title. III. Series: At a glance series (Oxford, England).
[DNLM: 1. Embryonic Development. QS 604]
612.6'4–dc23
2011049102
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in
print may not be available in electronic books.
Cover image: © Joseph Mercier | Dreamstime.com
Cover design by Meaden Creative
Set in 9/11.5pt Times by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2012
Contents
Preface 6  24 Musculoskeletal system: limbs 56
Acknowledgements 7 25 Circulatory system: heart tube 58
List of abbreviations 8 26 Circulatory system: heart chambers 60
Timeline 9 27 Circulatory system: blood vessels 62
28 Circulatory system: embryonic veins 64
Part 1 Early development  29 Circulatory system: changes at birth 66
 1 Embryology in medicine 10 30 Respiratory system 68
 2 Language of embryology 12 31 Digestive system: gastrointestinal tract 70
 3 Introduction to development 14 32 Digestive system: associated organs 72
 4 Embyonic and foetal periods 16 33 Digestive system: congenital anomalies 74
 5 Mitosis 18 34 Urinary system 76
 6 Meiosis 20 35 Reproductive system: ducts and genitalia 78
 7 Spermatogenesis 22 36 Reproductive system: gonads 80
 8 Oogenesis 24 37 Endocrine system 82
 9 Fertilisation 26 38 Head and neck: arch I 84
10 From zygote to blastocyst 28 39 Head and neck: arch II 86
11 Implantation 30 40 Head and neck: arch III 88
12 Placenta 32 41 Head and neck: arches IV–VI 90
13 Gastrulation 34 42 Central nervous system 92
14 Germ layers 36 43 Peripheral nervous system 94
15 Neurulation 38 44 The ear 96
16 Neural crest cells 40 45 The eye 98
17 Body cavities (embryonic) 42
18 Folding of the embryo 44 Part 3 Self-assessment 
19 Segmentation 46 MCQs 101
20 Somites 48 MCQ answers 106
EMQs 107
Part 2 Systems development  EMQ answers 108
21 Skeletal system (ossification) 50 Glossary 109
22 Skeletal system 52
23 Muscular system 54 Index 114
Companion website 
This book is accompanied by a website containing a link to Dr Webster’s website and podcasts:
www.wiley.com/go/embryology
Contents  5
Preface
We wrote this book for our students; those studying medicine with books cover development in detail, but students struggle to get
us, those listening to the podcasts wherever they may be, and those started, and to get to grips with early concepts. Hopefully we have
studying the other forms that biology takes on their paths to addressed these difficulties with this book.
whatever goals they may have in life. We have introduced many We hope that you will use this book to begin your studies of
students to the fascinating and often surprising processes of embryology and development, but also that you will return to it
embryological development, and we hope to do the same in this when preparing for assessments or checking your understanding.
book. It is written for anyone wondering, “where did I come You will find example assessment questions in Chapters 46 and
from?” 47, and a glossary in Chapter 48.
The content of this book extends beyond the curricula of most Let this be the start of your integration of embryonic develop-
medicine, health and bioscience teaching programmes in terms of ment with anatomy, to the ends of improved understanding and
breadth, but we have limited its depth. Many embryology text- better patient care or scientific insight.
6  Preface
Acknowledgements
Thank you to Kim and Robin for being so encouraging and
putting up with the time demands of completing this book. We
would also like to thank the editors at Wiley-Blackwell for leading
us through this process and for their support and encouragement,
and Jane Fallows for all her work with the illustrations.
Acknowledgements  7
List of abbreviations
AER Apical ectodermal ridge IVC Inferior vena cava
CAM Cell adhesion molecule IVD Intervertebral disc
CN Cranial nerve IVF In vitro fertilisation
CSF Cerebrospinal fluid LH Luteinising hormone
ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation LMP Last menstrual period
FGF Fibroblast growth factor PDA Patent ductus arteriosus
FSH Follicle stimulating hormone PFO Patent foramen ovale
GnRH Gonadotrophin releasing hormone PTH Parathyroid hormone
HbF Foetal haemoglobin PZ Proliferating zone
hCG Human chorionic gonadotrophin Rh Rhesus
hCS Human chorionic somatomammotrophin SVC Superior vena cava
IUD Intrauterine device – contraceptive device TGF Transforming growth factor
IUGR Intrauterine growth restriction ZPA Zone of polarising activity
8  List of abbreviations