Embedded systems

255 Pages·2015·7.986 MB·English

by  D., Sundaram R. M., Kothari, Dwarkadas Pralhaddas, N., Murali, Vasudevan, Shriram K

EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS

EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
(SECOND EDITION)
D P KOTHARI
Ex-Visiting Professor
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
SHRIRAM K VASUDEVAN
Technical Manager - Learning and Development
Amrita University, Coimbatore, INDIA
SUNDARAM R M D
Technical Leader, Wipro Technologies, INDIA
MURALI N
Lecturer, Nizwa College of Technology, OMAN
New Academic Science Limited
27 Old Gloucester Street, London, WC1N 3AX, UK
www.newacademicscience.co.uk
ACANDEEWMIC e-mail: [email protected]
SCIENCE
Copyright © 2015 by New Academic Science Limited
27 Old Gloucester Street, London, WC1N 3AX, UK
www.newacademicscience.co.uk • e-mail: [email protected]
ISBN : 978 1 781830 83 3
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm,
xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or
mechanical, without the written permission of the copyright owner.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Every effort has been made to make the book error free. However, the author and publisher have no
warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to the documentation contained in this book.
Dedications
Kothari, D.P.—To son-in-laws Pankaj and Rahul
Shriram K Vasudevan—To Parents and Sister
Sundaram R M D—To Mom and Dad
Murali N.—To Friends and Parents

Preface
Embedded Systems, present almost everywhere, have occupied an inevitable
place in the market. We, the consumers, live with Embedded Systems all the
way, be watches, mobile phones, refrigerators, cars, music systems and what
not…
Even the medical field is fully supported with the modern equipments which,
too, are embedded systems. Embedded Systems occupy a vital place in military
as well, where weapons mostly come under this category. Automobile industry
will become handicapped without Embedded Systems.
In this book, every topic has been supported with practical examples. In
addition, the programming concepts have been fully supported with simple and
elegant C codes which have been executed in Linux OS as well.
After every chapter, the reader is presented with a set of interesting quiz
questions, which will make the reader think for sure. In short, it will be good
and friendly learning experience for the reader.
We have covered the basics of Embedded Systems in Chapter-1 followed
by building blocks (components) of the system. Then the book moves towards
the design methodologies and modeling of Embedded Systems in Chapter-3.
Layered approach is being followed in building an Embedded System. This
approach has been discussed in Chapter-4. Chapters-5 and 6 cover the basics
of operating system and programming with C in Linux. Chapter-7 is on networks
for Embedded Systems. Then microcontrollers are discussed in the next two
chapters which include 8051 to latest ARM controllers. A practical example is
also indepth discussed in Chapter-11 after discussing the coding guidelines in
Chapter-10.
viii Preface
We wish to thank all the good hearts who have helped us in this project. In
particular, we wish to thank Subashri V, Sriram Karthik, Sivaraman R, and
Sunandhini M for their immense help and support in bringing the book to a good
shape.
D.P. Kothari
Shriram K Vasudevan
Sundaram R M D
Murali N.
Contents
Preface vii
1. Embedded Systems—An Introduction 1—10
1.1 Basic Idea on System 1
1.2 Embedded Systems—Definitions 1
1.3 Characteristics of Embedded Systems—An Overview
with Examples 2
1.4 Challenges in Designing an Embedded System 6
1.5 Categorization of Embedded Systems 7
1.6 Examples of Embedded Systems 8
1.7 Quiz 9
2. Components of Embedded Systems 10—30
2.1 Understanding of Microprocessor and Microcontroller 11
2.2 Functional Building Blocks of Embedded Systems 12
2.3 Processor and Controller 13
2.4 Memory, Ports and Communication Devices 14
2.4.1 Memory 15
2.4.2 Ports 16
2.4.3 Communication Devices 16
2.5 CISC vs. RISC Processors 17
2.6 General Purpose Processor and DSP Processor 18
2.7 Direct Memory Access 19
2.8 Cache memory and its types 22
2.9 Co-design of Hardware and Software 23