ELEMENTARY TEXTBOOK ON PHYSICS VOLUME 3 OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES OPTICS ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

578 Pages·1989·48.13 MB·German

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Mir Publishers Moscow
ELEMENTARY TEXTBOOK
ON PHYSICS
Edited by G.S. Landsberg
These three volumes form a course
on elementary physics that has
become very popular in the Soviet
Union. Each sectioh was written by
an authority in theappropriate field,
while the overall unity and editing
was supervised by Academician
G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957). This
textbook has gone through ten
Russian editions and a great deal of
effort went into the last edition to
introduce SI units and change the
terminology and notation for the
physical units.
A feature of this course is the
relatively small number of formulas
and mathematical manipulations.
Instead, attention was focussed on
explaining physical phenomena in
such a way as to combine scientific
rigour and a form understandable to
school children.Another aspect of
the text is the technological
application of the physical laws.
These features make the text a
world-class textbook.
For students preparing to enter
universities andcolleges to study
physics, and for those it high
schools specialising in physics.

ELEMENTARY
TEXTBOOK ON
PHYSICS
Volume 3
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ELEMENTARY
TEXTBOOK ON
PHYSICS
Edited by G.S. Landsberg
In three volumes
Volume 3
OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
OPTICS
ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Mir Publishers Moscow ^
Translated from Russian
by Natalia Wadhwa
First published 1989
Revised from the 1986 Russian edition
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Printed in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
© lfoaaTejibCTBO «Hayxa». niaBHaa penaKima
ISBN 5-03-000264-2 <t>H3HKo-MaTeMaTHqecKoft jmTepaTypbi, 1986
ISBN 5-03-000223-5 © English translation, Mir Publishers, 1989
Contents
Preface to the First Russian Edition 11
Part One. Oscillations and Waves 13
Chapter 1. Basic Concepts. Mechanical Vibrations 13
1.1. Periodic Motion. Period (13). 1.2. Oscillatory Systems. Free Oscillations (13). 1.3. Pendu­
lum: Kinematics of Oscillations (15). 1.4. Vibrations of a Timing Fork (16). 1.5. Harmonic Oscil­
lations. Frequency (18). 1.6. Phase Shift (21). 1.7. Dynamics of Pendulum Oscillations (23). 1.8.
Formula for the Period of a Simple Pendulum (25). 1.9. Elastic Vibrations (27). 1.10. Torsional
Vibrations (29). 1.11. Effect of Friction. Damping (30). 1.12. Forced Vibrations (33). 1.13.
Resonance (34). 1.14. Effect of Friction on Resonance Phenomena (36). 1.15. Examples of
Resonance Phenomena (37). 1.16. Resonance Phenomena Induced by an Anharmonic Periodic
Force (39). 1.17. The Relation Between the Form and Harmonic Composition of Periodic Oscil­
lations (42).
Chapter 2. Acoustic Vibrations 30
2.1. Acoustic Vibrations (30). 2.2. Subject of Acoustics (47). 2.3. Musical Tone. Laudness and
Pitch (48). 2.4. Tfcmbre (49). 2.5. Acoustic Resonance (51). 2.6. Recording and Reproduction of
Sounds (53). 2.7. Analysis and Synthesis of Sound (54). 2.8. Noises (55).
Chapter 3. Electric Oscillations 58
3.1. Electric Oscillations and Methods of Their Observation (58). 3.2. Oscillatory Circuit (61).
3.3 Mechanical Analogy. Thomson Formula (64). 3.4. Electric Resonance (67). 3.5. Undamped
Oscillations. Self-Excited Oscillatory Systems (70). 3.6. Valve Oscillator (73). 3.7. Theory of Os­
cillations (75).
Chapter 4. Wave Phenomena 79
4.1. Waves (79). 4.2. Wave Propagation Velocity (81). 4.3. Radiolocation, Hydroacoustic Detec­
tion and Sound Ranging (83). 4.4. Thinsverse Waves in a Cord (85). 4.5. Longitudinal Waves