Electronic Troubleshooting

448 Pages·2014·19.78 MB·English

by  Daniel Tomal

Praise for Electronic Troubleshooting
“The fourth edition of Electronic Troubleshooting has been thoroughly rewritten and updated. The addition of coverage on computer
networking and network devices along with expanded subject matter in many other areas has improved a book that has already
proven to be very successful. As a former co-author on editions 1–3, I recommend this book and congratulate my friend Dan Tomal
and his new co-author on a job well done.”
—Neal S. Widmer
Professor, Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology
Purdue University
“If it’s electronic, and there is troubleshooting to be done, then this is the book to reach for!”
—Dr. Simon Monk
Author, 30 Arduino Projects for the Evil Genius
“This book approaches the troubleshooting of circuits and systems by first providing an understanding of the theory of operation, so
troubleshooting can proceed in a very logical manner. The writing style and organization are very readable and understandable as
well as replete with examples.”
—Arthur B. Williams
Author, The Analog Filter and Circuit Design Handbook
“The authors did an excellent job explaining enough information for beginners and experienced troubleshooters alike … well worth
the value in your collection!”
—Carl D. Vizza
Director, Office of Professional Development Illinois Institute of Technology
“The authors have provided an outstanding book on electronic troubleshooting with clear, concise, and concrete examples that
anyone can relate to.”
—James Karagiannes, Ph.D. Physics
Associate Dean of Engineering and Information Sciences DeVry University, Chicago
“Drs. Tomal and Agajanian provide a practical and understandable approach to theory and troubleshooting electronic devices. I
highly recommend this book.”
—A. Galip Ulsoy
C. D. Mote, Jr., Distinguished University Professor and William Clay Ford Professor of Manufacturing
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
“One of the best and most comprehensive books since the early digital circuits and microprocessors textbooks of the early 1980s.
The authors have an up-to-date approach to diagnostic and troubleshooting fundamentals for the modern technologies.”
—Hovhannes Mardirossian
Retired Member of Technical Staff at Bell Laboratories Chairman, Technology and Education AESA NY NJ
Section
“This is a thoughtful and comprehensive book on electronic troubleshooting. The authors provide an excellent basis for
understanding the electronic devices and troubleshooting with clear, concise, and concrete examples. I am confident that this book
will provide a positive contribution to the electrical and electronic field.”
—Davoud Arasteh, Ph.D.
Professor, Electrical Engineering Department,
Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA
Electronic Troubleshooting by Dan Tomal and Aram S. Agajanian is a “must read” book for everyone interested in that field. Its
concrete examples, concise style, and clear language give a practical direction to it. I highly appreciate the authors’ efforts.”
—Levon Lajikyan
Professor, Yerevan State University
Yerevan, Armenia
“The authors reduce the gap which exists between industry and an educational environment in electronic theory and troubleshooting;
therefore, this book should prove of considerable value to engineers, technologists, and students. A job well done!”
—Garbis Kerestecioglu, P.Eng., M.Sc.
Richmond Hill, ON
“Drs. Tomal and Agajanian provide a practical approach to troubleshooting electronic devices, with clear and concise examples most
people can relate to. I highly recommend this book to all electronics technicians; they should have it available as a reference in their
professional workday, to brush up on theories that they have studied during their years as a student.”
—Masis Michael Mirijanian
Senior Technical Specialist, Automation
Siemens Corp., Los Angeles, CA
“The text has good technical information, and good, easy-to-grade student self-examinations, questions, and problems for each
chapter. I highly recommend it.”
—Dudley Outcalt, Ph.D., P.E.
Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE)
“This book provides a comprehensive and excellent coverage of electronic troubleshooting and is a great book for anyone interested
in technology and electronics.”
—Daniel J. Fitzgibbons
President & CEO
Gibson Electric & Technology Solutions
Downers Grove, IL
“This book can help instill the teachings of in-depth troubleshooting, and would be a fantastic book for multiple theories of
electronics.”
—Brooks Jacobsen
Robotic/Electronic System Technologies
Lake Area Technical Institute, South Dakota
“I recommend this book to anyone that needs to troubleshoot electronic devices. I wish that this book was written 30 years ago since
its well written directions would have saved me an enormous amount of time.”
—Andrew Kumiega, Ph.D. I.E.
Chicago, IL
“The book provides both students and professionals with comprehensive and practical knowledge for troubleshooting problem
residential and commercial electrical systems. Definitely a valuable resource for those practicing and who are interested in pursuing a
career in the electrical and electronics industry.”
—Dr. Thomas M. Korman, P.E., PLS, M.ASCE
Associate Professor
Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
Electronic Troubleshooting
Daniel R. Tomal, Ph.D.
Aram S. Agajanian, Ph.D.
Fourth Edition
New York  Chicago  San Francisco
Athens  London  Madrid
Mexico City  Milan  New Delhi
Singapore  Sydney  Toronto
Copyright © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of
1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-0-07-182861-1
MHID: 0-07-182861-3
e-Book conversion by Cenveo® Publisher Services
Version 1.0
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-181990-9, MHID: 0-07-181990-8.
McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in
corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com.
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a
trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of
infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
Information has been obtained by McGraw-Hill Education from sources believed to be reliable. However, because of the possibility
of human or mechanical error by our sources, McGraw-Hill Education, or others, McGraw-Hill Education does not guarantee the
accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained
from the use of such information.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is
subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work,
you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute,
disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent. You may use the
work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may
be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR
WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM
USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK
OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education
and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation
will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any
inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has
no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education
and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of
or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall
apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
To my mother Julyet Mavigoz Haygaz Agajanian They taught me the value of education
and father:
and the love of sharing knowledge.
To my Maritza Mavigoz She set an example of getting a college education and
grandmother:
being an educator during the late 1800s.
To my wife: Serpouhi Agajanian
Stephanie Girjikian Isabella Girjikian They inspired me to encourage
To my nieces:
females to pursue STEM fields.
ARAM S. AGAJANIAN
About the Authors
DANIEL R. TOMAL, Ph.D., is a professor, consultant, and award-winning author. He has authored 15
books and over 200 research studies and articles on the topics of electronics, technology, research, and
leadership. He is a widely sought-after speaker and lives in Wheaton, Illinois.
ARAM S. AGAJANIAN, Ph.D., is a professor in the Electronics and Biomedical Engineering Technology
and Network Communications programs at DeVry University. He has published multiple papers on
educational leadership; the papers concentrate on encouraging female enrollment in science,
technology, engineering, and math (STEM) programs. He lives in River Forest, Illinois.
Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Trademarks
CHAPTER 1   Principles of Troubleshooting
Problem-Solving Analysis
Circuit Faults
Troubleshooting Methods
Safety Considerations
Testing Basic Components
Semiconductors
Integrated Circuits
Electron Tubes
Ultracapacitors
Inductors
Self-Examination
Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 2   Electronic Test Instruments
General Considerations
Multimeter, VOM, FET Multimeter, and DMM
Oscilloscope
Specialized Test Instruments
Using Test Probes
Self-Examination
Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 3   Troubleshooting Electric Motors and Generators
Fundamentals
Types of Motors
Split-Phase
Capacitator
Shaded-Pole
Repulsion
Direct Current
Universal
Polyphase
Synchronous
Gearmotor
Stepper
Special Motors and Applications
Types of Generators
Motor Repair
Generator Repair
Preventive Maintenance
Self-Examination
Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 4   Troubleshooting Industrial Controls
Fundamentals
Types of Controllers
Overload Protectors
Manual Starters
Magnetic Starters
Reversing Magnetic Starters
Lighting Contactors
Pushbutton Stations
Limit Switches
Drum Switches
Timers
Electronic Drives
Programmable Controllers
Sensors
Repair and Testing Procedures
Preventive Maintenance
Self-Examination
Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 5   Troubleshooting Residential, Commercial, and Wireless Communication
Systems
Fundamentals
Electric Wiring Circuit Repair
Lighting and Control System Repair
TV Distribution System Repair
Fiber-Optic Communications Repair
Preventive Maintenance
Self-Examination
Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 6   Troubleshooting Radio and Television
AM Fundamentals
FM Fundamentals
FM Multiplex Fundamentals
TV Transmitter and Receiver Fundamentals
Radio Troubleshooting
Laser Disk and DVD Players
Black-and-White CRT TV Monitor Troubleshooting
Weak Picture and Sound
Good Picture, Weak Sound
Weak Picture with Normal Sound
No Picture with Normal Sound
Sound Normal But No Raster
Sound Normal, Picture out of Sync
Sound Normal But Picture Tearing, Reduced Width
Sound Normal But Picture Rolls and Folds, with Reduced Height
Normal Picture But Poor Sound
Dead Set
Color CRT TV Monitor Troubleshooting
Absence of Color
Weak or Faded Color
Screen Dominant Color
Color Killer
Color Bars
Other Color Problems
Total Convergence Setup
Purity Adjustment
Static Convergence
Dynamic Convergence
Servicing Late-Model Television Sets
HD, UHD, and Smart Televisions
HD, UHD, and Smart Television Troubleshooting
Preventive Maintenance
Self-Examination
Questions and Problems
CHAPTER 7   Troubleshooting Digital Circuits
Analog and Digital Circuits
Binary Code
Logic Gates
Digital Technologies
Voltage Specifications
Troubleshooting Techniques
Safety
Digital Circuit Troubleshooting Examples
Opens and Shorts
Open Circuit
Open Inputs
Open Outputs
Short Circuit
Installation and Replacement of an IC Chip
Troubleshooting Equipment for Digital Circuits
Oscilloscope
Logic Analyzers
Self-Examination
Questions and Problems