Electronic Books and ePublishing: A Practical Guide for Authors

236 Pages·2001·9.672 MB·English

by  Harold Henke (auth.)

Electronic Books and ePublishing
Springer-Verlag London Ltd.
Harold Henke
Electronic Books
and ePublishing
A Practical Guide for Authors
Springer
Harold Henke, Human Factors and Usability Scientist
IBM Corporation, PO Box 1041, Niwot, CO 80544-1041, USA
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Henke, Harold
Electronic books and e-publishing: a practical guide for
authors
1. Electronic books 2. Electronic publishing
I. Title
002'.0285
ISBN 978-1-85233-435-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Henke, Harold, 1956-
Electronic books and epublishing : a practical guide for authors / Harold Henke.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com.
ISBN 978-1-85233-435-2 ISBN 978-1-4471-0317-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-0317-2
Z286.E43 H46 2001
070.5'797-dc21
2001020858
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or
review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication
may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior
permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in
accordance with the terms oflicences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries
concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers.
ISBN 978-1-85233-435-2
http://www.springer.co.uk
© Springer-Verlag London 2001
Originally published by Springer-Verlag London Limited in 2001
The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of
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for any errors or omissions that may be made.
Typesetting: Camera-ready by author
34/3830-543210 Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10792007
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ..................................................................... v
List of Illustrations ................................................................. xi
List of Tables ........................................................................ xi
Preface ...................................................................................x iii
How this Book is Organized ............................................... xiii
Differences Between eBook and pBook ............................. xiv
What is Included on the CD ROM ...................................... xiv
Usage Rules for the eBook ............................................. xv
Format of the CD ROM ................................................... xv
Revolution Before the Evolution ......................................... xvi
A Few Constants ............................................................... xviii
Acknowledgements .............................................................. xix
Part 1: eBooks .......................................................................... 1
Chapter 1: eVolution not Revolution ..................................... 3
Papyrus, Parchment, Paper, and eBooks ............................. 3
From Gutenberg to Gates .................................................... .4
Is the Paper Book Dead? ..................................................... .4
From pBook to eBook: Evolution not Revolution ................... 6
Goals of this Book ................................................................ 8
Chapter 2: Once and Future History of eBooks ................... 9
Overview: Questions That Need Answers ............................. 9
History of Electronic Books ................................................. 10
Memex ............................................................................. 11
Dynabook ........................................................................ 11
Superbook ....................................................................... 12
Sony Data Discman and Bookman ................................. 12
Gemstar/NuvoMedia Rocket eBook ................................ 13
Everybook Journal .......................................................... 14
IBM BookManager .......................................................... 15
Acrobat Reader ............................................................... 15
Microsoft Reader ............................................................. 16
Comparison of eBook Readers with pBooks ....................... 16
Summary of the History of Electronic Books ....................... 17
Electronic Book Definitions .................................................. 18
How eBooks are Used ......................................................... 20
v
vi Electronic Books and ePublishing
The Relationship between pBooks and eBooks .................. 21
Conceptual Use of Metaphor in eBook Design ................... 27
Studies on the Use of pBook Metaphors in eBooks ............ 28
Summary of the Relationship of eBooks to pBooks ............ 35
Chapter 3: Centering the User in the eBook Design .•....•... 37
Electronic Books and UCD .................................................. 37
Real World Users and Their Tasks .................................... 37
Usability Test of an eBook ................................................... 38
Objectives ........................................................................ 38
Evaluation Method .......................................................... 39
Participants ..................................................................... 39
Participant Summary ...................................................... .40
Test Scenario and Tasks ............................................... .40
Start Tasks ...................................................................... 41
Operator Panel Tasks .................................................... .41
Hardware Tasks .............................................................. 42
Retrievability Tasks ........................................................ .42
Participant Satisfaction Summary .................................. .43
Start Tasks ......................................................................4 4
Operator Panel Tasks .................................................... .45
Hardware Tasks .............................................................. 46
Retrievability Tasks ........................................................ .46
Task Completion Times ................................................. .47
Participant Comments .................................................... .4 7
Participant Interviews ..................................................... .49
Recommendations from Usability Study ......................... 51
User Preference for Finding Information in an eBook ......... 51
What Users Want ................................................................ 52
Chapter 4: The Medium as Message: It's a Book ............... 53
What Should an eBook Look Like? ..................................... 53
What the Experts Think ....................................................... 54
Definition of eBook Features ........................................... 54
Ranking of eBook Features ............................................. 56
Additional Features Suggested by the Experts ............... 57
Perfecting the Book ............................................................. 58
Design Odds and Ends ........................................................ 59
Fonts and Typefaces: Back in Black ............................... 59
Display Typefaces ........................................................... 60
Required Typefaces for Companies and Publishers ...... 60
Recommended Typefaces for eBooks ............................ 60
Recommended Font Sizes .............................................. 61
Typeface Technology: CoolType and ClearType ........... 61
Legal Issues in Using Typefaces: Read the EULA ......... 62
Contents vii
Perfecting the eBook ........................................................... 64
Part 2: ePublishing ................................................................ 65
Chapter 5: Searching for Metadata ...................................... 67
Metadata: What Is It? .......................................................... 67
What is the Importance of Metadata? ................................. 68
Where Metadata is Already Used ........................................ 69
Microsoft Word and Metadata ......................................... 70
Acrobat and Metadata ..................................................... 70
Metadata Standards: Three Key Sources ........................... 71
Edituer: EPICS and ON IX Metadata ................................... 71
Association of American Publishers: Metadata ................... 72
Open Electronic Book Forum: Metadata ............................. 75
Example of Standard Metadata in OEBF Package ......... 78
Custom Metadata ............................................................ 79
Example of Custom Metadata in the OEBF Package ..... 79
Identifying eBooks: Will Any Name Do? .............................. 80
The Metadata ePublishing Highway .................................... 81
Chapter 6: Protecting Content in a Digital Age .................. 83
Digital Rights Management ................................................. 83
Definition of Digital Rights Management ............................. 84
Usage Rules for Real World Tasks ..................................... 85
Examples of Usage Rules ................................................... 86
Example of Everyday Use of DRM Technology .............. 87
Are Encryption and Usage Rules Always Needed? ............ 88
DRM: Issues ........................................................................ 89
Reversion of Rights to the Author ................................... 89
User Privacy .................................................................... 90
Super Distribution ............................................................ 91
DRM: Traffic Signals of the ePublishing Highway ............... 92
DRM Resources .............................................................. 93
Association of American Publishers ........................... 93
Copyright Clearance Center ....................................... 93
Open Electronic Book Forum ...................................... 94
Chapter 7: A New Print Economy? ...................................... 95
Traditional Publishing: Old Economy? ................................ 95
Old Economy Meets New Economy ............................... 96
Time Warner ............................................................... 96
Random House ........................................................... 97
New Economy Meets Old Economy ............................... 97
iBooks ......................................................................... 97
Fatbrain and MightyWords .......................................... 98
viii Electronic Books and ePublishing
Old Economy: New Economy or Hybrid? ....................... 98
Future Publishing Models .................................................. 100
Prevention Publishing Model ......................................... 10 1
Advertisement Publishing Model ................................... 101
Marketplace Publishing Model ...................................... 10 2
Subscription Publishing Model ...................................... 10 4
Future Publishing: Author-Server-User Model .................. 105
Future Publishing: Personal and Subsidy ......................... 10 6
Definitions of Personal and Subsidy Publishing ............ 10 8
Personal Publishing ...................................................... 10 9
Subsidy or Vanity Publishing ............................................. 110
Barnes and Noble ......................................................... 111
1s l Books ........................................................................ 112
Quality and ePublishing: Oxymoron? ................................ 113
Quality Reviews ............................................................ 113
Chapter 8: A View from the Gallery. ................................... 115
What the Experts Say ........................................................ 115
Hubris or Passion? ............................................................ 115
Question One: It's Been Tried Before, Why Now? ............ 116
Question Two: Evolution or Revolution? ........................... 122
Question Three: A Question for Each Expert .................... 129
Chapter 9: Oligarchy of New Media ................................... 137
Previous Medium Provides the New Medium ................... 137
Electronic Paper ................................................................ 138
Benefits of Electronic Paper .......................................... 138
Design Goals of Electronic Paper ................................. 139
Science Fiction or Fact? ................................................ 140
Textbooks: No More Backpacks ........................................ 141
Reasons Why Electronic Textbooks Will Succeed ....... 141
The Backpack May Not Go Away ................................. 143
Xanadu and Beyond .......................................................... 144
Book Views ................................................................... 147
Book Tours .................................................................... 147
Book Guides .................................................................. 148
Books on Demand ............................................................. 149
Use of Digital Printers ................................................... 150
Workflow Equals Savings .............................................. 151
Minimizing Risk in the Lifecycle of a Book .................... 152
Benefits for Authors and Publishers .............................. 153
Customization of Books ................................................ 154
World Library of the Future ................................................ 156
New Library Models ...................................................... 156
Librarians as Filters of the New Publishing Model ........ 157
Contents ix
Appendix A: Sorting through the Standards .................... 159
Importance of Standards: A Last Resort? ......................... 159
Reader Wars ..................................................................... 160
Do Users Care About Standards? ..................................... 162
Are there Rules and Guidelines to Follow? ....................... 162
OEBF Publication Structure: A Brief Tour ......................... 163
Electronic Book Package .............................................. 164
Examples of OEBF Book Package Mark-up ................. 165
Keeping Up with the Standards ......................................... 166
Association of American Publishers (AAP) ................... 166
Book Industry Communication ...................................... 166
Book Industry Study Group ........................................... 166
Editeur ........................................................................... 166
Electronic Book Exchange (EBX) ................................. 167
Open Electronic Book Forum (OEBF) ........................... 167
Appendix B: Keeping in Touch with the Industry ............ 169
Information Merry-Go-Round ............................................ 169
Public and Publishing Organizations ................................. 169
Association of American Publishers (AAP) ................... 169
Book Industry Communication ...................................... 169
Book Industry Study Group ........................................... 170
Brown University Scholarly Technology Group ............. 170
Copyright Clearance Center. ......................................... 170
Editeur ........................................................................... 170
International eBook Award Foundation ......................... 171
Library of Congress ....................................................... 171
National Institute of Standards and Technology ........... 171
United States Copyright Office ...................................... 171
Industry Groups ................................................................. 172
Open Electronic Book Forum (OEBF) ........................... 172
Print On Demand Initiative (POOl) ................................ 172
Academic and Individual Websites .................................... 172
Chartula ......................................................................... 173
ebooknet. ....................................................................... 173
ePublishing Connections ............................................... 173
Inkspot ........................................................................... 173
Journal of Electronic Publishing .................................... 173
Journal of New Media ................................................... 174
PlanetPDF ..................................................................... 174
Appendix C: Creating eBooks with Microsoft Word ........ 175
Microsoft Reader ............................................................... 175
Microsoft Reader Plug-in for Word .................................... 176
Using the Microsoft Reader Plug-in for Word ............... 177
x Electronic Books and ePublishing
Suggested Reading ........................................................... 178
Appendix D: Creating eBooks with Adobe Acrobat ......... 179
Acrobat Reader(s) ............................................................. 179
Acrobat Features and Advantages .................................... 180
Acrobat Catalog ................................................................. 182
Suggested Reading ........................................................... 182
Glossary ................................................................................1 83
Bibliography ......................................................................... 197
Index .....•...•.......•.•......•.•.........•.................•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.....•...•.2 13