Electromagnetic Scattering by Particles and Particle Groups: An Introduction

472 Pages·2014·30.662 MB·English

by  Michael I. Mishchenko

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Electromagnetic Scattering by Particles and Particle Groups
An Introduction

The scattering and absorption of light and other electromagnetic radiation by
particles and particle groups are central to many science and engineering fields.
Unfortunately, the discipline of studying these phenomena has gained the reputa-
tion of being very technically complex and incomprehensible. Now, this self-
contained and accessible book provides a thorough introduction to the basic
physical and mathematical principles of the subject.
For the first time the theories of electromagnetic scattering, radiative transfer,
and weak localization are combined into a unified, consistent branch of physical
optics based directly on the Maxwell equations. A particular focus is given to key
aspects such as time and ensemble averaging at different scales, ergodicity, and
the physical nature of measurements afforded by actual photopolarimeters.
Featuring over 120 end-of-chapter exercises, with hints and solutions pro-
vided, this clear, one-stop resource is ideal for self-study or classroom use, and
will be invaluable to both graduate students and researchers in remote sensing,
physical and biomedical optics, optical communications, optical particle charact-
erization, atmospheric physics, and astrophysics.

MICHAEL I. MISHCHENKO is a Senior Scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for
Space Studies in New York. He has published widely on electromagnetic scatter-
ing and remote sensing, including editing three contributory monographs, and is
the first author of three books (including Multiple Scattering of Light by Part-
icles, with Larry Travis and Andrew Lacis, Cambridge University Press 2006). In
other publishing work, he has been Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Quantitative
Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer and served previously as Topical Editor of
Applied Optics. Dr. Mishchenko is an elected Fellow of four major professional
societies and has received many professional awards, including the Henry G.
Houghton Award from the American Meteorological Society, two NASA Medals
for Exceptional Scientific Achievement, and the Hendrik C. van de Hulst Award
from Elsevier.

Electromagnetic Scattering
by Particles and Particle Groups
An Introduction

MICHAEL I. MISHCHENKO
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the
pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international
levels of excellence.

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521519922

© NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies 2014

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2014

Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives PLC

A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data

ISBN 978-0-521-51992-2 Hardback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in
this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
To Nadia, Andrey, Natasha, and Sergei

Contents
Preface page xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Acronyms xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 General framework 3
1.2 Electromagnetic scattering 6
1.3 Further remarks 9
1.4 Energy-budget and optical-characterization problems 10
1.5 Electromagnetic spectrum 14
2 The macroscopic Maxwell equations and monochromatic fields 15
2.1 The macroscopic Maxwell equations and constitutive relations 15
2.2 Boundary conditions 17
2.3 Monochromatic fields 19
2.4 Energy budget 21
2.5 Lossless, lossy, and active media 24
Problems 26
Notes and further reading 27
3 Fundamental homogeneous-medium solutions of the macroscopic
Maxwell equations 30
3.1 Plane-wave solution 30
3.2 Spherical-wave solution 35
Problems 39
4 Basic theory of frequency-domain electromagnetic scattering by a fixed
finite object 41
4.1 Statement of problem 41
4.2 Existence and uniqueness of solution 43
vii
viii Contents
4.3 Volume integral equation 44
4.4 Discussion 47
4.5 Dyadic transition operator 48
Problems 48
Notes and further reading 49
5 Far-field scattering 50
5.1 Scattering in the far zone 50
5.2 Theoretical criteria of the far-field limit 53
5.3 Scattering dyadic and amplitude scattering matrix 56
5.4 Reciprocity 58
5.5 Scale invariance rule 59
Problems 60
Notes 60
6 The Foldy equations 62
6.1 Vector form of the Foldy equations 62
6.2 Neumann expansion of the total field 65
6.3 Far-field Foldy equations 66
6.4 Far-field Neumann expansion of the total field 70
Problems 71
Notes and further reading 71
7 The Stokes parameters 72
7.1 The Stokes parameters of a plane electromagnetic wave 73
7.2 Rotation transformation rule for the Stokes parameters 76
7.3 Ellipsometric content of the Stokes parameters 77
7.4 The Stokes parameters of a spherical electromagnetic wave 82
Problems 83
Notes and further reading 85
8 Poynting–Stokes tensor 87
Problems 88
9 Polychromatic electromagnetic fields 89
9.1 Time-averaged Poynting–Stokes tensor and Poynting vector
of a polychromatic field with monochromatic components 89
9.2 Time-averaged Stokes parameters of a parallel polychromatic
beam with monochromatic components 91
9.3 Polychromatic field with quasi-monochromatic components 92
9.4 Derivative polarimetric characteristics of a polychromatic beam 96
Problems 98
Further reading 98