effect of product colour as a contextual factor on affective res

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INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DETERMINANTS OF PRODUCT SOUND
PERCEPTION: EFFECT OF PRODUCT COLOUR AS A CONTEXTUAL FACTOR
ON AFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO PRODUCT SOUNDS

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO

THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
OF

MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

BY

ÇİSEM ÖZKUL

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
DESIGN RESEARCH FOR INTERACTION

DECEMBER 2016
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Approval of the thesis:

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DETERMINANTS OF PRODUCT SOUND
PERCEPTION: EFFECT OF PRODUCT COLOUR AS A CONTEXTUAL
FACTOR ON AFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO PRODUCT SOUNDS

submitted by ÇİSEM ÖZKUL in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Industrial Design Department, Middle East Technical
University by,

Prof. Dr. M. Gülbin Dural Ünver __________________
Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences,
METU

Prof. Dr. Gülay Hasdoğan
 __________________
Head of Department, Industrial Design, METU

Assist. Prof. Dr. Naz A.G.Z. Börekçi __________________
Supervisor, Department of Industrial Design, METU

Examining Committee Members:

Assist. Prof. Dr. Harun Kaygan
 __________________
Department of Industrial Design, METU

Assist. Prof. Dr. Naz A.G.Z. Börekçi __________________
Department of Industrial Design, METU

Assist. Prof. Dr. Fatma Korkut __________________
Department of Industrial Design, METU

Assist. Prof. Dr. Gülşen Töre Yargın __________________
Department of Industrial Design, METU

Assist. Prof. Dr. Aydın Öztoprak __________________
Department of Industrial Design, TOBB ETÜ

Date: 20. December. 2016

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I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and
presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that,
as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material
and results that are not original to this work.

Name, Last name : Çisem Özkul

Signature :

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ABSTRACT

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DETERMINANTS OF PRODUCT SOUND
PERCEPTION: EFFECT OF PRODUCT COLOUR AS A CONTEXTUAL
FACTOR ON AFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO PRODUCT SOUNDS

Özkul, Çisem
MS, Department of Industrial Design
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Naz A.G.Z. Börekçi

December 2016, 139 pages

Sounds are signs informing us about the environment surrounding us and the products that
we are interacting with. Product sound designers have recently focused on reducing the
psycho-acoustic sensations of sounds such as loudness, sharpness or dB(A) levels to
change affective responses towards product sounds to lessen their unpleasantness. Product
sound perception is a more complex field than perception of environmental sounds since
cognitive factors such as identifying and evaluating these sounds can change the overall
perception that products create or evoke. Besides, there are non-auditory factors which
affect how the product sounds are perceived. The aim of this study is to combine the data
supporting the idea that the psycho-acoustical measurements are not enough if cognitive
processes (internal factors) and environment (external factors) are not analyzed within the
product sounds. The literature review focuses on the existing studies about how the
theoretical data are relevant to the above-mentioned argument and the existing
experimental studies about the manipulation of sounds and the manipulation of contexts
respectively. An experimental research was conducted to see the effect of product color
as a contextual factor on the affective responses towards product sounds.

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Keywords: Product Sound Perception, Affective Responses, Auditory Perception, Internal
Determinants, External Determinants

vi
ÖZ

ÜRÜN SESİ ALGISININ İÇSEL VE DIŞSAL BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: ÜRÜN
RENKLERİNİN BAĞLAMSAL BİR FAKTÖR OLARAK ÜRÜN SESLERİNE
OLAN DUYUSAL YANITLARA ETKİSİ

Özkul, Çisem
Yüksek Lisans, Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı Bölümü
Tez Yürütücüsü: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Naz A.G.Z. Börekçi

Aralık 2016, 139 sayfa

Sesler, çevremiz ve etkileşim halinde olduğumuz ürünler hakkında bizi bilgilendiren
işaretlerdir. Ürün sesi tasarımcıları, ürün seslerinine olan duyusal yanıtları değiştirmek
için seslerin şiddet, sertlik gibi psikoakustik özelliklerini ve dB(A) seviyelerini azaltma
odaklı çalışmaktadırlar. Ürün sesi algısı, çevre sesi algısından daha karmaşık bir süreçtir
çünkü kaynak sesini tanımlama ve değerlendirme gibi bilişsel faktörler ürünlerin algısını
değiştirebilmektedir. Ayrıca ürün sesi algısını, ses ile ilgili olmayan faktörler de
etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, psikoakustik ölçümlerin, içsel ve dışsal (çevresel)
faktörler dahilinde incelenmediği takdirde yeterli olamayacağı görüşünü bilgi
kombinasyonu ile desteklemektir. Literatür araştırması, yukarıda belirtilen argüman
dahilinde derlenmiş, ses manipülasyonu ve sırasıyla çevresel faktör manipülasyonlarını
içeren saha araştırmalarını incelemiştir. Bir dışsal faktör olmak üzere ürün renklerinin
ürün sesi algısına olan duyusal yanıtlara etkisini analiz edebilmek amaçlı küçük bir
deneysel çalışma yapılmıştır.

Anahtar kelimeler: Ürün Sesi Algısı, Duyusal yanıtlar, İşitsel algı, Dışsal Belirleyiciler,
İçsel Belirleyiciler

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To Mom & Dad

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Assist.
Prof. Dr. Naz Borekci for her endless support, encouragement and invaluable guidance
throughout this particular process; she faced all the hard situations together with me on
this path with her never-ending positivity, kindness and motivation.

I would like to express my most humble gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Annette
Hohenberger for her very precious help, whole-hearted contribution to my study and
sharing her broad knowledge with me and for her being very thoughtful, available and
kind each time I dropped by.

I would like to thank to Assist. Prof. Dr. Elif Ozcan Vieira for her precious feedback and
advice, to Willemine Biemond for her invaluable support, to Jeroen Hutten for his kind
help throughout my study in TuDelft, the Netherlands.

I would like to thank to my thesis committee; Assist. Prof. Dr. Aydın Öztoprak, Assist.
Prof. Dr. Fatma Korkut, Assist. Prof. Dr. Gülşen Töre Yargın and Assist. Prof. Dr. Harun
Kaygan for their supportive feedback and criticism.

My sincerest thanks to Yonca Selçuk for her generous contribution, never-ending support,
to my fellow researchers Merve Kuru, for her endless help conducting my tests and Fırat
Öter, for his invaluable and kind help about OpenSesame. Many thanks to Assist. Prof.
Dr. Murat Ulubay for his valuable feedback and advice.

My special thanks go to Cem Çolak for supporting me, to Mukaddes Kocakaya for her
unforgettable help, kindness and close friendship, and to Yusuf Arslan for being there for
me and for being available each time I needed a helpful hand.
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Last but not least, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my dearest Dad, for not
only being a very instructive academic but also for being the most supportive father of all.

I dedicate my thesis to my beloved family: to my lovely Mom who raised me as a very
strong person for the harder days that she could not be with us anymore and to my one
and only Dad who is the strongest, the most loving and caring person in this whole world-
Love you.

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