Effect of phosphorus fertilization on the microbial phosphorus pool in a spodosol under a slash pine plantation

167 Pages·2003·3.6 MB·English

by  Bliss, Christine Marie

THEEFFECTOFPHOSPHORUSFERTILIZATIONONTHEMICROBIAL
PHOSPHORUSPOOLINASPODOSOLUNDERASLASHPINEPLANTATION
By
CHRISTINEMARIEBLISS
ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL
OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT
OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF
DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA
2003
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Iwouldfirstandforemostliketoacknowledgeandthankmymajoradvisor,Dr.
NickComerford.Hissupport,dedication,patience,andwisdomhelpedmetoimprove
bothmyprofessionalandpersonalpotential.Heofferedencouragement,advice,and
beliefinmyabilitiesthathelpedmetoachievemygoals.Iwouldalsoliketo
acknowledgemycommitteemembers,Drs.E.J.Jokela,R.M.Muchovej,K.R.Reddy,and
R.D.Rhue.Igreatlyappreciatetheirhelpandsuggestionsforimprovingmyresearch.
IwillalwaysbegratefulforallthehelpIreceivedfromMaryMcleod.Her
knowledge,support,andfriendshipmotivatedmethroughfrustratingtimesinthe
laboratory.MirandaLucaswasaninvaluableassettomyresearch.Icannotthankher
enoughforallofthehelpandsupportsheprovidedme.IwouldalsoliketothankNick
Comerfordforhishelpinthelaboratory.AdamGlassmanandMarinelaCapanuvery
generouslyprovidedmewithstatisticalhelp.
Iwouldliketothankmyfamily,especiallymyparents,fortheendless
encouragementandsupport.Lastly.Iwouldliketothankmyfriends.Icannotthank
themenoughfortheirsupport,encouragement,andpatience.IammostthankfultoDr.
TraciNessandJenniferKoskiforlisteningandofferinginvaluableadvice.
7
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS »
LISTOFTABLES v
LISTOFFIGURES vii
ABSTRACT ™
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 DIENFTLEUREMNICNEATOIFOHNOORFIZMOINCRAONBDIAWLAPTHEORSPPOHTOERNUTSIAKLpFACTORS: 9
Introduction 9
Methods 12
StudyAreaandFieldSampling 12
GrowthandCultureofMicrobes 12
KEExvptarDlaeucattteairnomtnisnoaftiWoanterPotentialandSoilCharacteristicsontheKpMethod....111546
StatisticalAnalysis 16
Results 17
SoilCharacterization 17
RecoveryofPSpike 17
KCKKCEvoopppammFFFlppaaauaacccarrttttiioooirrrssosssnoonnbbboyyyfooffWEWHxaoaKIttrntproieearFzrrcagotcaPPnatnoontoitterecnnstPtwiiaiavlslt.haTntodhteaSlLoiiPtleKrCahptaurFraaeccttKeorprissFtaicctsorontheKpMethod....22221110009
RegressionEquations 21
Discussion 21
ConcluOOOsbbbijjjoeeenccctttiiivvveee231:::TEIfnhffeelcuMteonoscfteWoEafftfHeiocrriePinozttoeEnnxtotirnaalcKotpannFKtacptFoarcstors 22221386
3 OSFEQAUECSOTAESRTIANLGPOLFAIPNHOSSPPOHDOORSUOSLFERTILIZERINMICROBIALBIOMAS4S5
Introduction 45
Methods 46
StudyAreaandFieldSampling 46
ResultSstaatnidstiDciaslcAunsasliyosnis 4489
Objective1:InvestigaBtieotmhaesIsnfluenceofPBioavailabiltyontheMicrobial49
Objective2:EstimatetheImmobilizationandRetentionofPFertilizerbythe
SoilMicrobialBiomass 51
Objective3:InvestigaatnedHPoFwertSioliilzeWraRteetrenPtotieonntialAffectsMicrobialUptake56
Conclusion 58
4 SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONS 72
Objective1:DeatnedrmEisnteimtahteinSgupMeirciroorbEixatlraPchtoasnpthfoorrutsheonDeAtceirdmiicnaStpioodnosooflKspofFatchteors
Objective2:DeCCthoeaarrsmaticatnleerPiolsaftiKincpsChangeswithWaterPotentialandSoilHorizon 7733
Objective3:DettoerPmhionsephoofruMiscFreorbtiiallizeBriaonmdasHsoawndThMoiscreoRbieaslpoPnhsoessphDoervuesloRpesOpvoenrd
Time 74
Objective4:DetermineifDifferingWaterPotentialsAffectsImmobilizationand
RetentionofPhosphorusFertilizer 75
ResearchConclusions 75
FutureResearch 78
APENDIXA:K„FACTORFIGURES 79
APPENDIXB:ANALYSISOFVARIANCETABLES 97
APPENDIXC:FERTILIZATIONSTUDYFIGURES 124
LISTOFREFERENCES 144
BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 154
LISTOFTABLES
Table Eige
2-1.Soilcharacterizationforeachhorizon 29
2-2.PercentrecoveryofP|addedasaspike 29
2-3.CowmaptearripsotoenntoifalinwoirtghainniceaKcphfeaxcttroarcstabnyteixnttrhaectAa,ntEw,iatnhidnBehachhorwiaztoenrspotentialandby30
2-4.CowmatpearripsotoenntoifaltowtialthKipnfeaaccthoresxbtryacetxatnrtacftoarntthweitAhianndeaBchhwhaotreizropnostentialandby 32
2-5.CoexmtpraarcitasnotnofinorganicKpfactorsbyhorizonwithineachwaterpotentialforeach35
2-6.CoexmtpraarctiasnotnoftotalKpfactorsbyhorizonwithineachwaterpotentialforeach 37
2-7.Significantdifferences(P<0.05)betweentheinorganicPandtotalP
KpfactorsfortheAandBhhorizons 38
2-8.InorganicKpfactorsmeasuredinthe"test"horizons 39
2-9.Co0.m5paMrNisaoHnCof0m3iacrnodbaiaKlpPfaccotnocrenotfr0a.t4i0onswithdeterminedinorganicKpfactorsfr4o0m
2-10.RegressionequationsforinorganicKpfactorsforeachextractantandhorizon 41
3-1.ComparisonofmicrobialCbytreatmentwithineachdayandbydaywithineach
treatmentforeachwaterpotential 59
3-2.ComparisonofmicrobialCbetweenthecontrol,100kgPha-1,andDAPfertilizer
treatmentswithineachdayforeachwaterpotential 62
3-3.ComparisonofmicrobialPbyPfertilizertreatmentwithineachdayandbyday
withineachPfertilizertreatmentforeachwaterpotential 63
3-4.PercentofPfertilizerimmobilizedandretainedonday77bythemicrobialbiomass 66
3-5.ComparisonofmicrobialPbetweenthecontrol,100kgPha"',andDAPfertilizer
treatmentswithineachdayforeachwaterpotential 67
3-6.ComparisonofmicrobialC:Pratios 68
3-7ComparisonofmicrobialPbywaterpotentialwithineachdayforeachtreatment
69
3-8.ComparisonofmicrobialCbywaterpotentialwithineachdayforeachtreatment
71
B-l.AnalysisofvariancetableforinorganicKpfactors 97
B-2.AnalysisofvariancetableformicrobialPfromtheP-onlyfertilizertreatments 101
B-3.AnDaAlyPsisofvariancetableformicrobialPfromallfertilizertreatments,including107
B-4.AnalysisofvarianceformicrobialCfromallP-onlyfertilizertreatments 114
B-5.AnalysisofvariancetableformicrobialCfromallfertilizertreatments,including
DAP 119
LISTOFFIGURES
Figure page
1-1.Phosphoruscycle 8
2-1.InorganicKpfactorsbyextractantwithineachwaterpotentialintheAhorizon 31
2-2.TotalKpfactorsbyextractantwithineachwaterpotentialintheAhorizon 33
2-3.InorganicKpfactorsbywaterpotentialwithineachextractantfortheAhorizon....34
2-4.InmorMgaonxiaclaKtpefactorsfortheA,E,andBhhorizonwithineachwaterpotentialusing336
2-5.InorganicKpregressioncurvesfortheA,E,andBhhorizon 42
3-1.SolutioninorganicPinthecontrolateachwaterpotential 60
3-2.MicrobialCforeachdayinthe-3kPasoilateachPfertilizertreatment 61
3-3.MicrobialPbyPfertilizertreatmentsovertimeinthe-0.1kPasoil 64
3-4.MicrobialPovertimeforeachwaterpotentialinthe30kgPha"1treatment 65
3-5.MicrobialPbywaterpotentialinthecontrol 70
A-l.InorganicKpfactorsbyextractantwithineachwaterpotential 79
A-2.TotalKpfactorsbyextractantwithineachwaterpotential 81
A-3.InorganicKpfactorsbywaterpotentialwithineachextractant 82
A-4.TotalKpfactorsbywaterpotentialwithineachextactant 84
A-5.InorganicKpfactorsbyhorizonwithineachwaterpotential 85
A-6.RegressioncurvesforinorganicKpfactorsintheAhorizon 88
A-7.RegressioncurvesforinorganicKpfactorsintheEhorizon 91
A-8.RegressioncurvesforinorganicKpfactorsintheBhhorizon 94
VIII
C-l.MicrobialCbydayateachPfertilizertreatment 124
C-2.MicrobialPbyPfertilizertreatmentforeachday 128
C-3.MicrobialPbywaterpotentialforeachday 131
C-4.MicrobialPbywaterpotentialineachPfertilizertreatment 133
C-5.MicrobialCbywaterpotentialforeachday 136
C-6.MicrobialCbywaterpotentialforeachtreatment 138
C-7.MicrobialPbydayforeachPfertilizertreatment 141
AbstractofDissertationPresentedtotheGraduateSchool
oftheUniversityofFloridainPartialFulfillmentofthe
RequirementsfortheDegreeofDoctorofPhilosophy
EFFECTSOFPHOSPHORUSFERTILIZATIONONTHEMICROBIAL
PHOSPHORUSPOOLINASPODOSOLUNDERASLASHPINEPLANTATION
By
ChristineMarieBliss
August2003
Chair:Dr.N.B.Comerford
MajorDepartment:SoilandWaterScienceDepartment
Themicrobialbiomassissignificantinnutrientcyclingandnutrientbioavailability.
Theacidic,sandysoilsinthesoutheasternU.S.arephosphorus(P)limitedforforest
productionandcommonlyfertilizedwithP.ThesurfacehorizonhasnoPretention
capacity,resultinginpossibleleachingofPfertilizer,sothemicrobialbiomassmaybea
significantsinkandsourceoflabilePforplantuptakeinthesesoils.Theabilityofthe
microbialbiomasstoimmobilizeandretainPfertilizerbeforeitisleachedbelow
seedlingrootingdepthwoulddeterminehowimportantitmightbeasasourceof
bioavailableP.SpodosolsinthesoutheasternU.S.haveafluctuatingwatertablethat
influencesthewaterpotentialofthesurfacehorizon.Microbialcommunitiesarelinked
towaterpotentialandsomayinfluencemicrobialimmobilizationofPfertilizer.An
accurateestimateofmicrobialPisdependentuponacorrectKpfactorthatmayalsobe
affectedbywaterpotential.
Theextractant,0.5MNaHCC>3(pH8.5),usedtomeasuremicrobialPwas
questionedforuseontheseacidicsoils.Kpfactorsweremeasuredusingsixextractants,
0.5A/NaHCC>3,Mehlich1,BrayandKurtz,and1mM,2mM,and3mMoxalate,atfive
waterpotentialsrangingfrom-0.1to-1000kPaintheA,E,andBhhorizons.The
superiorextractantforestimatingmicrobialPinthissoilwasdeterminedtobe3mM
oxalate.Kpfactorsweredeterminedtochangewithsoilhorizonandsoilwaterpotential.
Fivetreatments,control,30,60,and100kgPha"',andaDAPtreatment,were
addedtotheAhorizonatfivewaterpotentials.MicrobialPandmicrobialbiomasswere
measuredovertimeuntil77daysafterfertilizeraddition.Themicrobialbiomassinthis
soilisnotPlimitedbutisNlimited.Afterfertilization,uptothreeormoretimestheP
thantheannualdemandbypineplantationswassequesteredandheldforseveralweeks.
WaterpotentialdidnotaffectPimmobilization.MicrobialPwouldbecomeslowly
availabletoplantsovertime,possiblyafterfertilizerisleachedfromtherootingzone.