Effect of different organic nutrient sources on growth, yield and quality of lettuce

160 Pages·2012·10.1 MB·English

Effect of different organic nutrient sources on
growth, yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca

sativa L.)

A Thesis
Submitted to the
Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Master of Science (Horticulture)

In
VEGETABLE AND SPICE CROPS

By
Shubhrajyoti Saha

WHERE WISDOM IS FREE
Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya
DEPARTMENT OF VEGETABLE AND SPICE CROPS
FACULTY OF HORTICULTURE
PUNDIBARI, COOCH BEHAR, WEST BENGAL, INDIA
2016
I dedicate this
thesis to my Parents for their
love, support and
encouragement
DEPARTMENT OF VEGETABLE AND SPICE CROPS
FACULTY OF HORTICULTURE
UTTAR BANGA KRISHI VISWAVIDYALAYA
Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal -736165, India

From:
Phone: [phone]
Dr. Ranjit Chatterjee

Fax: [phone]
Associate Professor
E-mail: [email protected]
& Head
WHERE WISDOM IS FREE

certificate

This is to certify that the work recorded in the thesis entitled “Effect of
different organic nutrient sources on growth, yield and quality of lettuce
(Lactuca sativa L.)” submitted by Mr. Shubhrajyoti Saha in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Horticulture) in Vegetable &
Spice Crops of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, is a faithful and bonafide
research work carried out under my personal supervision and guidance. The results
of the investigation reported in the thesis have not so far been submitted for any other
Degree or Diploma. The assistance and help received during the course of
investigation has been duly acknowledged.

(Ranjit Chatterjee)
Place: Pundibari, Coochbehar
Chairman
Dated: ………...……….., 2016
Advisory Committee
APPROVAL SHEET

APPROVAL OF EXAMINERS FOR THE AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (HORTICULTURE)

IN VEGATABLE AND SPICE CROPS

We, the undersigned, having been satisfied with the performance of the student
Mr. Shubhrajyoti Saha (H-2014-12-M) of Vegetable and Spice Crops, in the viva-voice
examination, conducted today, the ………………………………….. 2016, recommend that
the thesis be accepted for the award of the Degree of Master of Science (Horticulture) in
Vegetable and Spice Crops of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya.
NAME DESIGNATION SIGNATURE

1. Dr. Ranjit Chatterjee Chairman
(Advisory Committee) ………………………………

2. ………………………… External Examiner ………………………………

3. Dr. S. Datta Member
(Advisory Committee) ………………………………

4. Dr. S. Bandyopadhyay Member
(Advisory Committee) ………………………………

5. Dr. G. C. Banik Member
( Advisory Committee) …………………………..
Acknowledgement
The consanguineous flagging but edulcorative phase is now over
and at this stage of metamorphosis, in respect, I feel indebted to all
those who helped me.
It is of immense pleasure to me to express my deepest sense of
gratitude with overwhelming joy and glory to the chairman of my
advisory committee, Dr. Ranjit Chatterjee, Associate professor and
Head, Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Faculty of
Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari,
Coochbehar, West Bengal, for his noble supervision, sagacious
guidance, valuable suggestions, ever encouraging inspirations. He is a
man of erudition and always been my inspiration for higher studies.
His close monitoring and encouragement made the work complete in
time and with perfection. I feel proud being a scholar under the
guidance of such a learned person.
With a profound and unfading sense of obligation I express my
heartfelt thanks to the member of my advisory committee, Dr.
Suchand Datta , Associate professor , Dept. of Vegetable and Spice
Crops , Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya,
for his help throughout course of this investigation. His humble
behavior, prudency and endless support made him my inspiration. We
all have heard “Learning gives us modesty”, Dr. Datta is a living
example. He smiled back with a tremendous reply to every question I
have ever asked.
I render my heartfelt thanks and obligation to Dr. S
Bandyopadhyay, Associate professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of
Agriculture, U.B.K.V and member of my advisory committee for his
inexplicable support. I am indebted to him for his sound technical
guidance for my seminars and this thesis.
I feel unfathomable euphoria to pronounce my heartfelt
gratitude to Dr. G.C. Banik, Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural
Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi
Viswavidyalayafor his keen interest, friendly behavior, constructive
criticism, valuable advice throughout the period of my research work
in order to make my thesis perfect.
I am highly grateful to Prof. J.C. Jana, Dean, Faculty of
Horticulture for his support and encouragement.
I am indebted to Prof. M. K. Pandit & Prof. P. Hazra,
Department of Vegetable Science and Prof. J.K. Hore , Department of
Spices and Plantation Crops , B.C.K.V for their kind inspiration,
helpful suggestions and constant encouragement throughout the
course of study and my life .
I shall be failing in my duty if I do not express my obligation to
my senior Sri Adarsh da, Ravi da, Pranali di, Arkenduda,Koel Di
with their expertise from the time of initiation of the thesis work.
Their knowledge about phenology of guava made me understand my
work in the field.
I reiterate to my junior Arju Ali Khan, Riman Saha
Chowdhury, Abid Hayat, Khouni, pinki, and all the other teachers
and non-teaching staffs who helped me a lot during my course of
study.
I will be happy to mention the support and cooperation received
from my dear friend Anwesha Das, Shrija Mandal, Arindam Das,
Sriparna Ganguly, Aradhana Sen, Vijaykumar S, Pritesh Goura,
Bikash Deb, Prasanjeet Baidya, Jayanta Layek, Bijan Pain, Sumit
Satpathi who has always been beside me whenever I needed them and
also I would like to thank them for being a part of my life.
I would like to thank my brother Sri Soumyajyoti Saha and
sister-in- law Smt. Arundhati Biswas With heartfelt adoration.
I feel my pleasure to breathe my deepest respect and gratitude
to my parents for their continuous sacrifice, prodigious inspirations,
moral support, spontaneous love and affection and silent blessing at
every step of my life.
I take this opportunity to pay my regards to my Dida,
Chotomasi Mejomasi, choto mama, Baro mama, Raja da, Moni Da,
Rinki and Boni.
I am indebted to so many people that a complete
acknowledgement would be an encyclopedia and hence is not possible
in this short circumstances but none has been forgotten.
Lastly, I want to thank Almighty God for blessing me.

Dated: The …………………………., 2016
Place: Pundibari, Coochbehar (Shubhrajyoti Saha)
Title of the Thesis : Effect of different organic nutrient sources on growth, yield
and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Name of the student : Mr. Shubhrajyoti Saha
Registration number : H-2014-12-M
Name of the Chairman : Dr. Ranjit Chatterjee, Associate professor, Vegetable and
Spice Crops
Degree to be awarded : Master of Science (Horticulture) in Vegetable & Spice Crops
Year of Award of : 2016
Degree
Total pages in Thesis : 50+ vi

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 at UBKV, Pundibari to
study the effect of different organic nutrient sources on growth, yield and quality of lettuce.
The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 13 treatments in 3 replications.
Soil application of farmyard manure or vermicompost were evaluated in presence of
biofertilizers and biostimulants (Humic acid, seaweed extract or vermiwash). The
observations were recorded on different horticultural characters of lettuce. The pooled results
revealed that among the different treatments, T (6t/ha vermicompost + biofertilizers + humic
7
acid) recorded maximum head yield, yield/plot, yield/ha, vitamin A content and leaf
chlorophyll content. Whereas, T (6t/ha FYM + biofertilizers + seaweed extract) resulted
9
maximum plant height, number of non-wrapper leaves, LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR and ascorbic
acid content. The result also showed that inorganic fertilizer performs better over soil
application of organic manures. However addition of biostimulants in presence of soil
organic manures surpassed inorganic fertilizer treatment for growth, yield and quality
attributes. In terai zone of West Bengal to grow lettuce organically soil application of organic
inputs will not be sufficient to surpass the conventional practice for head yield and number of
leaves. To get higher yield under organic cultivation foliar spray of biostimulants should be
used along with soil organic inputs. Among the biostimulants humic acid emerged as best
over seaweed extract and vermiwash for this region. In all cases of biostimulants, when
vermicompost is used as basal organic manure, the performance of biostimulant is much
better over farmyard manure or mixture of both manures. Based on the performance of
lettuce plant under different organic nutrient combination, the integrated use of 6 tonnes
vermicompost per hectare along with seedling root dipping of Azophos biofertilizer and foliar
spray of humic acid (2 ml/litre at 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting) was adjudged as the
best treatment combination to maximize the growth, yield and quality of lettuce under terai
zone of West Bengal.

----------------------------- --------------------------------
Signature of Chairman, Signature of the student
Advisory Committee
CONTENTS

Chapter
Particulars Page No.
No.
1. Introduction 1-3
2. Review of Literature 4-12
3. Materials and Methods 13-21
4. Results and Discussions 22-47
5. Summary and Conclusion 48-49
6. Future Scope of Research 50
7. Bibliography i-vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Title
No. no.
1 The meteorological parameter during the period of experiment.
13
2 Chemical properties of experimental soil. 13
3 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on plant height (cm) of lettuce 23
Effect of different organic nutrient sources on days to head formation of
4
lettuce 24
5 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on days to head maturity of
25
lettuce
6 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on CGR of lettuce 26
7 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on NAR of lettuce 28
8 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on RGR of lettuce 30
9 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on Leaf area index of lettuce 32
10 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on Root weight of lettuce 33
11 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on number of non wrapper
35
leaves of lettuce
Effect of different organic nutrient sources on head weight of lettuce
12 37
13 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on yield/plot and yield/ha of
39
lettuce
Effect of different organic nutrient sources on Leaf chlorophyll content of
14
lettuce 40
15 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on Ascorbic acid content of
41
lettuce
16 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on Vitamin A content of
43
lettuce
17 Effect of different organic nutrient sources on residual soil nutrient status
45
after harvesting of lettuce
Effect of different organic nutrient sources on economics of lettuce
18
cultivation 47