EE101: Op Amp circuits (Part 1) - Electrical Engineering - IIT Bombay PDF
Preview EE101: Op Amp circuits (Part 1) - Electrical Engineering - IIT Bombay
EE101: Op Amp circuits (Part 1) M. B. Patil [email protected] www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~sequel DepartmentofElectricalEngineering IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay M.B.Patil,IITBombay * TheuseofOpAmpsfreestheuserfromcumbersomedetailssuchastransistor biasingandcouplingcapacitors. * ThecharacteristicsofanOpAmparenearlyideal→OpAmpcircuitscanbe expectedtoperformaspertheoreticaldesigninmostcases. * AmplifiersbuiltwithOpAmpsworkwithDCinputvoltagesaswell→usefulin sensorapplications(e.g.,temperature,pressure) * Theusercangenerallycarryoutcircuitdesignwithoutathoroughknowledgeof theintricatedetails(nextslide)ofanOpAmp. Thismakesthedesignprocess simple. * However,asEinsteinhassaid,weshould“makeeverythingassimpleaspossible, butnotsimpler.”→needtoknowwheretheidealworldends,andtherealone begins. Op Amps: introduction * TheOperationalAmplifier(OpAmp)isaversatilebuildingblockthatcanbe usedforrealizingseveralelectroniccircuits. M.B.Patil,IITBombay * ThecharacteristicsofanOpAmparenearlyideal→OpAmpcircuitscanbe expectedtoperformaspertheoreticaldesigninmostcases. * AmplifiersbuiltwithOpAmpsworkwithDCinputvoltagesaswell→usefulin sensorapplications(e.g.,temperature,pressure) * Theusercangenerallycarryoutcircuitdesignwithoutathoroughknowledgeof theintricatedetails(nextslide)ofanOpAmp. Thismakesthedesignprocess simple. * However,asEinsteinhassaid,weshould“makeeverythingassimpleaspossible, butnotsimpler.”→needtoknowwheretheidealworldends,andtherealone begins. Op Amps: introduction * TheOperationalAmplifier(OpAmp)isaversatilebuildingblockthatcanbe usedforrealizingseveralelectroniccircuits. * TheuseofOpAmpsfreestheuserfromcumbersomedetailssuchastransistor biasingandcouplingcapacitors. M.B.Patil,IITBombay * AmplifiersbuiltwithOpAmpsworkwithDCinputvoltagesaswell→usefulin sensorapplications(e.g.,temperature,pressure) * Theusercangenerallycarryoutcircuitdesignwithoutathoroughknowledgeof theintricatedetails(nextslide)ofanOpAmp. Thismakesthedesignprocess simple. * However,asEinsteinhassaid,weshould“makeeverythingassimpleaspossible, butnotsimpler.”→needtoknowwheretheidealworldends,andtherealone begins. Op Amps: introduction * TheOperationalAmplifier(OpAmp)isaversatilebuildingblockthatcanbe usedforrealizingseveralelectroniccircuits. * TheuseofOpAmpsfreestheuserfromcumbersomedetailssuchastransistor biasingandcouplingcapacitors. * ThecharacteristicsofanOpAmparenearlyideal→OpAmpcircuitscanbe expectedtoperformaspertheoreticaldesigninmostcases. M.B.Patil,IITBombay * Theusercangenerallycarryoutcircuitdesignwithoutathoroughknowledgeof theintricatedetails(nextslide)ofanOpAmp. Thismakesthedesignprocess simple. * However,asEinsteinhassaid,weshould“makeeverythingassimpleaspossible, butnotsimpler.”→needtoknowwheretheidealworldends,andtherealone begins. Op Amps: introduction * TheOperationalAmplifier(OpAmp)isaversatilebuildingblockthatcanbe usedforrealizingseveralelectroniccircuits. * TheuseofOpAmpsfreestheuserfromcumbersomedetailssuchastransistor biasingandcouplingcapacitors. * ThecharacteristicsofanOpAmparenearlyideal→OpAmpcircuitscanbe expectedtoperformaspertheoreticaldesigninmostcases. * AmplifiersbuiltwithOpAmpsworkwithDCinputvoltagesaswell→usefulin sensorapplications(e.g.,temperature,pressure) M.B.Patil,IITBombay * However,asEinsteinhassaid,weshould“makeeverythingassimpleaspossible, butnotsimpler.”→needtoknowwheretheidealworldends,andtherealone begins. Op Amps: introduction * TheOperationalAmplifier(OpAmp)isaversatilebuildingblockthatcanbe usedforrealizingseveralelectroniccircuits. * TheuseofOpAmpsfreestheuserfromcumbersomedetailssuchastransistor biasingandcouplingcapacitors. * ThecharacteristicsofanOpAmparenearlyideal→OpAmpcircuitscanbe expectedtoperformaspertheoreticaldesigninmostcases. * AmplifiersbuiltwithOpAmpsworkwithDCinputvoltagesaswell→usefulin sensorapplications(e.g.,temperature,pressure) * Theusercangenerallycarryoutcircuitdesignwithoutathoroughknowledgeof theintricatedetails(nextslide)ofanOpAmp. Thismakesthedesignprocess simple. M.B.Patil,IITBombay Op Amps: introduction * TheOperationalAmplifier(OpAmp)isaversatilebuildingblockthatcanbe usedforrealizingseveralelectroniccircuits. * TheuseofOpAmpsfreestheuserfromcumbersomedetailssuchastransistor biasingandcouplingcapacitors. * ThecharacteristicsofanOpAmparenearlyideal→OpAmpcircuitscanbe expectedtoperformaspertheoreticaldesigninmostcases. * AmplifiersbuiltwithOpAmpsworkwithDCinputvoltagesaswell→usefulin sensorapplications(e.g.,temperature,pressure) * Theusercangenerallycarryoutcircuitdesignwithoutathoroughknowledgeof theintricatedetails(nextslide)ofanOpAmp. Thismakesthedesignprocess simple. * However,asEinsteinhassaid,weshould“makeeverythingassimpleaspossible, butnotsimpler.”→needtoknowwheretheidealworldends,andtherealone begins. M.B.Patil,IITBombay Op Amp 741 Actual circuit V CC Q8 Q13 Q14 Q12 Q9 Q15 R6 Symbol + Q1 Q2 − Q19 R7 OUT VCC R5 CC Q18 Q21 Q3 Q4 R10 OUT −V EE Q20 Q23 Q7 Q16 Q5 Q6 Q17 Q10 Q11 R9 R8 Q22 R4 R1 R3 R2 Q24 −V EE offset adjust M.B.Patil,IITBombay * Theexternalresistances(∼afewkΩ)aregenerallymuchlargerthanRo and muchsmallerthanRi →wecanassumeRi →∞,Ro →0withoutsignificantly affectingtheanalysis. * VCC and−VEE (∼±5V to±15V)mustbesupplied;anOpAmpwillnotwork withoutthem! InOpAmpcircuits,thesupplyvoltagesareoftennotshownexplicitly. Parameter IdealOpAmp 741 A ∞ 105 (100dB) * V Ri ∞ 2MΩ Ro 0 75Ω Op Amp: equivalent circuit VCC Ro Vi Vo Vi Vo OUT Ri AVVi AVVi −V EE M.B.Patil,IITBombay * VCC and−VEE (∼±5V to±15V)mustbesupplied;anOpAmpwillnotwork withoutthem! InOpAmpcircuits,thesupplyvoltagesareoftennotshownexplicitly. Parameter IdealOpAmp 741 A ∞ 105 (100dB) * V Ri ∞ 2MΩ Ro 0 75Ω Op Amp: equivalent circuit VCC Ro Vi Vo Vi Vo OUT Ri AVVi AVVi −V EE * Theexternalresistances(∼afewkΩ)aregenerallymuchlargerthanRo and muchsmallerthanRi →wecanassumeRi →∞,Ro →0withoutsignificantly affectingtheanalysis. M.B.Patil,IITBombay
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