Ecology of Cyanobacteria II: Their Diversity in Space and Time PDF
Preview Ecology of Cyanobacteria II: Their Diversity in Space and Time
E cology of Cyanobacteria II Brian A. Whitton Editor Ecology of Cyanobacteria II Their Diversity in Space and Time Editor Brian A. Whitton School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University Durham United Kingdom Please note that additional material for this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com ISBN 978-94-007-3854-6 ISBN 978-94-007-3855-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-3855-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012940740 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 This work is subject to copyright. 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Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) P reface T he publication in 2000 of Ecology of Cyanobacteria. Their Diversity in Time and Space aimed to assemble some of the most important information on ecology in the same way as The Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria edited by Donald Bryant had done in 1994 for other aspects of cyanobac- teria. Malcolm Potts, who co-edited that volume, and I used the Preface to consider what would happen in ecology during the coming years. The impact of molecular studies on ecological under- standing and commercial developments seemed likely to be especially important and this is what has happened. Many other discoveries of particular relevance for ecology have also been reported, such as advances in understanding about cyanobacterial nitrogen fi x ation and phosphorus acquisi- tion in the oceans, and about the roles of extracellular polymers in many types of environment. A further book, The Cyanobacteria. Molecular Biology, Genomics and Evolution edited by Antonia Herrero and Enrique Flores and published in 2008, assembled a great deal of information on the non-ecological topics. It therefore seemed time for an entirely new book on ecology. E cology of Cyanobacteria II. Their Diversity in Space and Time gives this ecological account. Unfortunately, Malcolm Potts was too busy with projects and travel to join in the editing, although he has co-authored three chapters. Although almost half the quoted references have been published since the 2000 volume, all the authors provide a broad perspective on their subject and not just an account of recent advances. Molecular data enter into every chapter. There is also a lot about cyanobacterial biotechnology, but perhaps not quite as much as we thought there would be when writing in 2000. In no other group of organisms is it possible to see so clearly how ecology, physi- ology, biochemistry, ultrastructure and molecular biology interact. Hopefully this information can be put to many more practical uses during the coming decade. I am still looking forward to the day when a third title in the series is justifi e d, Practical Uses and Problems of Cyanobacteria. S ome of the worries in 2000 still apply. The failure to consider older literature may not matter in the case of molecular data, but in ecology it often does. There is much of interest in pre-1980 literature, and modern understanding about a topic often makes it possible to extract a lot more from older accounts. A problem which seems to have become worse since 2000 is the tendency for many researchers to depend entirely on reading the abstract, if they do consult old literature at all. No doubt this is partly a matter of time, but the main reason is the ease with which most abstracts of long past literature can be obtained using the Internet and the diffi c ulty many researchers have in accessing the full accounts in papers and books. However, the abstracts often omit the very aspects which are of most interest nowadays. Perhaps someone will advise me what should happen to the twenty or so thousand reprints of old papers in my garage. A new worry is that Aldabra Atoll, about which the previous Preface enthused because of the diversity of its cyanobacterial communities, has become a challenge for researchers to visit due to the risk of hostage seizure in the Indian Ocean. Hopefully, some day soon it will again become possible for cyanobacteriologists to study this paradise. v vi Preface M y thanks to all the authors, and especially to those who allowed themselves to get involved in vigorous discussion about scientifi c topics. It was therefore very sad to learn at a late stage that Patrizia Albertano had died, particularly as she was corresponding about the proof just six days before this without ever mentioning her illness. I also much appreciate the support of Suzanne Mekking and Martine van Bezooijen at Springer and their enthusiasm for a new book with plenty of colour fi g ures and additional online material. It was yet another sad occasion to learn in late February that Martine had died, but I am grateful to the other staff for helping to keep publication on schedule. B rian A. Whitton April 2012 C ontents 1 Introduction to the Cyanobacteria ......................................................................... 1 Brian A. Whitton and Malcolm Potts 2 The Fossil Record of Cyanobacteria ....................................................................... 15 J. William Schopf Part I Environments 3 Cyanobacteria in Geothermal Habitats ................................................................. 39 David M. Ward, Richard W. Castenholz and Scott R. Miller 4 Cyanobacterial Mats and Stromatolites ................................................................. 65 Lucas J. Stal 5 Marine Plankton ....................................................................................................... 127 Hans W. Paerl 6 Physiology, Blooms and Prediction of Planktonic Cyanobacteria ....................... 155 Roderick L. Oliver, David P. Hamilton, Justin D. Brookes and George G. Ganf 7 Microcystis ................................................................................................................ 195 Lenka Šejnohová and Blahoslav Maršálek 8 Freshwater Picocyanobacteria: Single Cells, Microcolonies and Colonial Forms ......................................................................... 229 Cristiana Callieri, Gertrud Cronberg and John G. Stockner 9 Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Benthic Environments ........................................... 271 J. Thad Scott and Amy M. Marcarelli 10 Subaerial Cyanobacteria ......................................................................................... 291 Allan Pentecost and Brian A. Whitton 11 Cyanobacterial Biofi l ms in Monuments and Caves .............................................. 317 Patrizia Albertano 12 Semi-arid Regions and Deserts .............................................................................. 345 Chunxiang Hu, Kunshan Gao and Brian A. Whitton 13 Cyanobacteria in High Latitude Lakes, Rivers and Seas ..................................... 371 Warwick F. Vincent and Antonio Quesada 14 Cyanobacteria in the Cryosphere: Snow, Ice and Extreme Cold ........................ 387 Antonio Quesada and Warwick F. Vincent 15 Salts and Brines ........................................................................................................ 401 Aharon Oren vii viii Contents 16 Cyanobacteria, Oil – and Cyanofuel? .................................................................... 427 Roda Fahad Al-Thani and Malcolm Potts Part II Physiological Ecology 17 Carbon ....................................................................................................................... 443 John A. Raven 18 Extracellular Matrix (ECM) ................................................................................... 461 Richard F. Helm and Malcolm Potts 19 Cyanobacterial Responses to UV Radiation .......................................................... 481 Richard W. Castenholz and Ferran Garcia-Pichel Part III Molecular Ecology 20 Marine Picocyanobacteria ....................................................................................... 503 David J. Scanlan 21 Cyanophages ............................................................................................................. 535 Nicholas H. Mann and Martha R.J. Clokie Part IV The Organisms 22 Rivulariaceae ............................................................................................................ 561 Brian A. Whitton and Pilar Mateo 23 Cyanobacterial Symbioses ....................................................................................... 593 David G. Adams, Paula S. Duggan and Owen Jackson Part V Applied Aspects 24 Cyanotoxins .............................................................................................................. 651 James S. Metcalf and Geoffrey A. Codd 25 Arthrospira (Spirulina) ............................................................................................. 677 Claudio Sili, Giuseppe Torzillo and Avigad Vonshak 26 The Biotechnology of Cyanobacteria ..................................................................... 707 Claudia B. Grewe and Otto Pulz Organism Index ................................................................................................................ 741 Subject Index .................................................................................................................... 749 Online Articles Related to Ecology of Cyanobacteria II Powerpoint Articles 27 Cyanobacterial Diversity and Dominance in Polar Aquatic Ecosystems Warwick F. Vincent and Antonio Quesada with two videos by Dale T. Andersen linked to Slide 17: Diver returning to surface, Diver sampling benthic cyanobacteria 28 Antarctic Cyanobacteria Paul A. Broady Contents ix 29 Cyanobacterial Diversity and Dominance in the Cryosphere Antonio Quesada and Warwick F. Vincent 30 Cyanobacteria in Kaituna River, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand Faradina Merican and Paul A. Broady 31 Cyanobacteria of Western Ireland Bryan Kennedy, Martin O’Grady and Brian A. Whitton 32 Cyanobacteria of Streams in North-East USA John D. Wehr 33 Aerophytic Cyanobacteria in Brazilian Savanna and Rainforest Regions Luis Henrique Z. Branco 34 Aldabra Atoll: Cyanobacteria of Land, Lagoon and Ocean Alan Donaldson, Malcolm Potts and Brian A. Whitton 35 Managing harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) in a world experiencing anthropogenic and climatically-induced change Hans Paerl 36 Spirulina (Arthrospira) Production Under Nature and Nurture Amha Belay 37 Precambrian Stromatolites, Cyanobacteria and Archaean Fossils J. William Schopf Pdf Article 38 Australian Freshwater Cyanobacteria: Habitats and Diversity Glenn B. McGregor Repeats of Chapters in Ecology of Cyanobacteria. Their Diversity in Time and Space published in 2000 Soils and Rice-Fields Brian A. Whitton Cyanobacteria in Deserts – Life at the Limit? D. D. Wynn-Williams (deceased)
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