Earthquake Resistant Concrete Structures

607 Pages·1996·10.245 MB·English

by  Kappos, Andreas, Penelis, G. G

Earthquake-resistant Concrete Structures
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Earthquake-resistant
Concrete Structures
GEORGE G.PENELIS
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaloniki, Greece
and
ANDREAS J.KAPPOS
Department of Civil Engineering, Imperial College, London
and Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaloniki, Greece
With a foreword by Professor P.E.Pinto
LONDON AND NEW YORK
By Taylor & Francis,
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
First edition 1997
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of
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please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
© 1997 George E.Penelis and Andreas J.Kappos
ISBN 0-203-86076-4 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0 419 18720 0 (Print Edition)
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or
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The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to
the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96–070571
Contents
Foreword by Professor P.E.Pinto xvi

Preface xvii

List of abbreviations xx

1 Introduction 1
2 Elements of engineering seismology 2
2.1 Origin—geographical distribution of earthquakes 2
2.2 Instruments for recording seismic motions 2
2.3 The magnitude and the intensity of the earthquake 3
2.3.1 Earthquake magnitude 4
2.3.2 Earthquake intensity 7
2.4 Seismicity and seismic hazard 11
2.4.1 Seismicity 11
2.4.2 Seismic hazard 12
2.5 Concluding remarks 14
2.6 References 15

3 Elements of structural dynamics 16
3.1 Introduction 16
3.2 Dynamic analysis of elastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF)

systems 16
3.2.1 Introduction 16
3.2.2 Equations of motion 18
3.2.3 Response spectra 20
3.3 Inelastic response of SDOF systems 26
3.3.1 Introduction 26
3.3.2 Viscous damping 27
3.3.3 Hysteretic damping 28
vi Contents
3.3.4 Energy dissipation and ductility 31
3.4 Dynamic analysis of multidegree-of-freedom elastic systems 38
3.4.1 Introduction 38
3.4.2 The two methods of analysis 40
3.5 Dynamic analysis of MDOF inelastic systems 44
3.5.1 Introduction 44
3.5.2 Methodology of inelastic dynamic analysis with DRAIN-2D/90 45
3.6 References 50

4 Design principles and design seismic actions 51
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 The conceptual framework of seismic design 52
4.2.1 Basic principles and requirements of modern seismic codes 52
4.2.2 The concept of seismic isolation 55
4.3 Confi guration of the structural system 56
4.3.1 Fundamental requirements 56
4.3.2 Structural systems covered by seismic codes 57
4.3.3 Recommendations concerning structural confi gurations 58
4.4 Design seismic actions 64
4.4.1 General 64
4.4.2 Seismic zones 64
4.4.3 The local subsoil conditions 65
4.4.4 Elastic response spectrum 66
4.4.5 Design spectrum for linear analysis 68
4.4.6 Importance factor 70
4.4.7 General remarks on the design spectrum 71
4.4.8 Alternative representation of the seismic action 72
4.5 Combination of seismic action with other actions 73
4.6 References 73

5 Analysis of the structural system 75
5.1 Structural regularity 75
5.1.1 Introduction 75
Contents vii
5.1.2 Criteria for regularity in plan 75
5.1.3 Criteria for regularity in elevation 77
5.2 Modelling of the structure 78
5.2.1 General 78
5.2.2 Masses contributing to the inertia forces 78
5.2.3 Application of the design seismic actions 78
5.3 Methods of analysis 79
5.4 Simplifi ed modal response spectrum analysis 79
5.4.1 General 79
5.4.2 Base shear forces 80
5.4.3 Distribution of the horizontal seismic forces 80
5.4.4 Estimation of the fundamental period 82
5.4.5 Torsional effects 82
5.4.6 Proposed procedure for the analysis 85
5.5 The pseudospatial structural systems under horizontal loading 86
5.5.1 General 86
5.5.2 Plane structural systems 86
5.5.3 Frame or shear system 86
5.5.4 Wall systems or fl exural systems 87
5.5.5 Dual systems 87
5.5.6 The pseudospatial structural system 90
5.6 Multimodal response spectrum analysis 100
5.6.1 General 100
5.6.2 Suggested procedure for the analysis 102
5.7 Combination of the components of gravity loads and seismic

action 103
5.7.1 General 103
5.7.2 Theoretical background 104
5.7.3 Simplifi ed procedure 106
5.7.4 Code requirements 111
5.8 Second-order effects (P-Δ effects) 114
5.9 The infl uence of masonry infi lled frames on the seismic behaviour

of structures 115
viii Contents
5.9.1 General 115
5.9.2 Effects on the analysis 116
5.9.3 Design seismic action effects 116
5.9.4 Irregularities due to masonry infi lls 117
5.9.5 Remarks on infi lled frames 119
5.10 General remarks on the analysis of the structural system 119
5.11 References 121

6 Design action effects-safety verifi cations 123
6.1 The design action effects-capacity design procedure 123
6.1.1 General 123
6.1.2 Design criteria infl uencing the design action effects 124
6.1.3 Capacity design procedures for beams 124
6.1.4 Capacity design procedure for columns 126
6.1.5 Capacity design procedure for shear walls 131
6.1.6 Capacity design for connecting beams of the footings 134
6.2 Safety verifi cations 134
6.2.1 General 134
6.2.2 Ultimate limit state 134
6.2.3 Serviceability limit state 136
6.2.4 Specifi c measure 138
6.3 Application of EC8 to the design of a simple dual system 140
6.3.1 Introduction 140
6.3.2 System geometry 140
6.3.3 Characteristics of the materials 141
6.3.4 Design gravity loads 142
6.3.5 Design seismic actions 142
6.3.6 Equivalent horizontal forces 144
6.3.7 Design load combinations 145
6.3.8 Structural analysis 146
6.4 References 151
Contents ix
7 Earthquake-resistant properties of the materials of reinforced

concrete 153
7.1 Introduction 153
7.2 Reference to code provisions 154
7.3 Plain (unconfi ned) concrete 154
7.3.1 Response to monotonic loading 155
7.3.2 Response to cyclic loading 159
7.3.3 Response to multiaxial loading 162
7.3.4 Relevant code provisions 181
7.4 Confi ned concrete 181
7.4.1 The notion of confi nement 181
7.4.2 Parameters affecting confi nement 183
7.4.3 Confi nement with hoops 185
7.4.4 Confi nement with spirals 196
7.4.5 Relevant code provisions 200
7.5 Steel 203
7.5.1 Main requirement for seismic performance 203
7.5.2 Response to monotonic loading 205
7.5.3 Response to cyclic loading 207
7.5.4 Relevant code provisions 210
7.6 Bond between concrete and steel 211
7.6.1 Constitutive equations of bond 211
7.6.2 Bond under monotonic loading 213
7.6.3 Bond under cyclic loading 218
7.6.4 Relevant code provisions 224
7.7 References 227

8 Earthquake-resistant design of reinforced concrete linear elements 230
8.1 Introduction 230
8.2 Seismic behaviour of beams 231
8.2.1 Behaviour under monotonic loading 231
8.2.2 Behaviour under cyclic loading 245