Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Kasinathan Muthukkumaran Balunaini Umashankar N. Kumar Pitchumani Editors Earth Retaining Structures and Stability Analysis Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2021 Volume 6 Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Volume 303 Series Editors Marco di Prisco, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Sheng-Hong Chen, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Ioannis Vayas, Institute of Steel Structures, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece Sanjay Kumar Shukla, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia Anuj Sharma, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Nagesh Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Chien Ming Wang, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (LNCE) publishes the latest developments in Civil Engineering—quickly, informally and in top quality. 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Kumar Pitchumani Editors Earth Retaining Structures and Stability Analysis Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2021 Volume 6 Editors Kasinathan Muthukkumaran Balunaini Umashankar Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Tiruchirappalli, India Sangareddy, Telangana, India N. Kumar Pitchumani AECOM India Pvt. Ltd. Chennai, India ISSN 2366-2557 ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ISBN 978-981-19-7244-7 ISBN 978-981-19-7245-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7245-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Contents 1 Incorporation of Surrounding Rock Layer Presence in the Design of Underground Cut and Cover Box Structure ...... 1 Chiranjib Sarkar, Ankit Som, and Ganesh Deepak Kanchuboyina 2 Elastic–Perfectly Plastic Behavior of Lower Siwalik Sandstones ................................................... 13 D. V. Sarwade, Pankaj Kumar, K. K. Mishra, P. Senthil, and Hari Dev 3 Effect of Volume Loss During Tunnel Construction on the Ground Surface ......................................... 23 Rahul Shakya and Manendra Singh 4 Crack Growth in Rocks with Pre-existing Flaws Subjected to Uniaxial and Biaxial Compression ............................ 31 G. Sivakumar and V. B. Maji 5 Parametric Study on the Performance of Temporary Secant Pile Wall ..................................................... 45 V. J. Gowthaman and C. Anburaj 6 Numerical Analysis of Ground Settlement Induced by Shallow Tunnels ...................................................... 55 R. Rajaraman and Gundeti Sumanth Kumar 7 Seismic Assessment of Horseshoe-Shaped Tunnel Using a Pseudo-Static Approach ...................................... 65 Ambika Srivastav and Neelima Satyam 8 Effects of the Shield Driving on Soil Arching Around the Tunnel ... 75 M. Vinoth and M. S. Aswathy 9 Stability Analysis of Overburden Dump Slope—A Case Study of Marki Mangli-I Coal Mine ................................... 83 S. S. Geete, K. H. Singh, A. K. Verma, T. N. Singh, and P. P. Dahale v vi Contents 10 Living Soil Nails to Prevent Shallow Landslides in Lateritic Soil Slopes .................................................... 101 D. Anand Praveen and P. V. Divya 11 Restoration Measures of Landslide Affected Valley Slope—A Case Study of Tindharia Area Along NH 55 in West Bengal ....................................................... 113 Avik Kumar Mandal, S. Sailesh, Pradyot Biswas, and Atanu Adhikari 12 Effect of Hysteretic SWCC on Marappalam Rainfall-Triggered Slope Failure ................................ 139 Nallabothula Mounika, Ammavajjala Sesha Sai Raghuram, B. Munwar Basha, and Arif Ali Baig Moghal 13 Effect of Antecedent Uniform Rainfall Pattern on the Stability of a Typical Northeastern Slope ................................. 149 Sreeram Shruthija and Sudheer Kumar Yamsani 14 Response of Isolated Shallow Footing on Sloping Ground with Dynamic Loading ......................................... 161 Saumitro Mandal, Aniket Chanda, and Arghadeep Biswas 15 Detection, Monitoring, and Early Warning of Landslides Using In-Situ Ground-Based Monitoring Techniques: AReview ..................................................... 169 Shreya Maheshwari and Riya Bhowmik 16 A Comprehensive Review on Rainfall-Induced Slope Failures: Mechanism, Models, and Influencing Factors .................... 177 Vineet Gajamer and Abhishek Kumar 17 Optimum Thickness of Veneer Cover Soil of MSW Landfill for Stability Against Uplifted-Floating Failure ................... 187 Dabbiru Soujanya and B. Munwar Basha 18 A Concise Review of State-of-the-Art on Landslide Monitoring and Warning System in India ................................... 197 Shikha Sharma, Naresh Mali, and Venkata Uday Kala 19 Probabilistic Slope Stability Analysis of Bioreactor Landfills ...... 207 Ankit Goel, Subhadeep Metya, and Gautam Bhattacharya 20 Experimental Investigation of Pull-Out Resistance of Grouted Soil Nails—A Critical Review .................................. 219 Ruchita Salvi and Ashish Juneja 21 Reduction of Surface Erosion of Soil Slopes Using Alkali Activated Binder Treated Jute Fibers ........................... 231 Gunde Sachin Chakravarthy and Anasua GuhaRay Contents vii 22 Parametric and Stability Analysis of Landslide Near Somwarpet, Coorg District, Karnataka .......................... 241 Anand. M. Hulagabali, V. Shilpa, N. C. Shobharani, G. S. Vasundhara, and M. L. Prashanth 23 Dynamic Stability and Landslide Simulations in Hilly Regions of Kerala ..................................................... 251 Geethu Maria Joseph and K. Ranga Swamy 24 Historical Development of Landslide Early Warning System (LEWS): A Review ............................................ 263 Prashant Sudani, K. A. Patil, and Y. A. Kolekar 25 Study on Design of Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall with Copper Slag as Fill Material ............................... 279 C. N. V. Satyanarayana Reddy, R. Dhanunjay Kumar Reddy, and M. Nagalakshmi 26 Multi-Approach Global Stability Assessment of Soil Nail Walls .... 291 Vikas Pratap Singh 27 Finite Element Analysis of Back-To-Back Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall .......................................... 303 K. A. Aboorvaraj, P. V. Premalatha, and A. Karthikeyan 28 Behavior of Diaphragm Wall in Semi Top-Down Construction Method: A Case Study ......................................... 313 C. Vimala, P. V. S. R. Prasad, and Madan Kumar Annam 29 Review of Use of Asphaltic Concrete Core in Earthen/Rock Fill Embankment Dam ........................................ 323 Satyajit Roy, V. K. Jain, Manish Gupta, and R. Chitra 30 Construction of Diaphragm Wall for Seawater Intake Pump House ........................................................ 337 B. Govind Raj, Madan Kumar Annam, and Bairagi Kondapalli 31 Seismic Stability of Reinforced Soil Wall Using Horizontal Slice Method: Effect of Surcharge on Cohesive-Frictional Soils .... 345 M. C. Venkatasubbaiah and G. V. Narasimhareddy 32 A Comparative Study on the Stability Analysis of Tailings Pond Embankments Under Transient and Steady-State Seepage Conditions ............................................ 357 Surender Singh, Abhishek Kumar, and T. G. Sitharam 33 Structural Behavior of Partial Seepage Barriers for Variations in Depth of Pervious Stratum ................................... 369 S. Sivakumar, P. V. Premalatha, and N. Almas Begum viii Contents 34 Performance Evaluation of Scrap Rubber-Sand Mixture Reinforced with Geogrids as a Backfill Material in Retaining Walls ......................................................... 383 K. P. Anjali and Renjitha Mary Varghese 35 Behavior of Cantilever Concrete Diaphragm Wall Under Sequential Excavation of Front-Fill Soil: A Numerical Study ...... 395 Abhijit Debnath and Sujit Kumar Pal 36 Gabion Walls—A Remedial Measure for Slope Stabilization ....... 409 Blacinta Pereira and Wilma Fernandes 37 Stability Enhancement of Railway Embankment Using Geosynthetic Layer ............................................ 421 Furquan Ahmad and Pijush Samui 38 Numerical Analysis of Earthen Embankment Resting on Soft Clay Deposit .................................................. 429 Anand M. Hulagabali, R. Srujana, A. V. Rachana, and M. Y. Longkumer 39 Study on Soil–Panel Interaction on the Performance of MSE Wall ......................................................... 447 Anand M. Hulagabali, C. H. Solanki, and G. R. Dodagoudar 40 Effect of Different Compressible Inclusions on Lateral Earth Pressure Reduction in Rigid Retaining Wall ..................... 457 L. Anandha Raj and M. Muttharam 41 Restoration of Breached Ash Dyke Embankment in Constrained Site Conditions ................................. 467 Vinod Kumar Mauriya About the Editors Dr. Kasinathan Muthukkumaran is currently Professor in Civil Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India. He obtained Ph.D. in Soil- Structure Interaction and Marine Geotechnical Engineering from Indian Institute Technology Madras. He has published more than 150 papers in international and national journals and conferences. He has completed 5 R&D (including ISRO— Chandrayaan-2 Mission project) and 70 major consultancy projects in Geotech- nical Engineering and published two patent including “Moon Soil” (A Method for Manufacture of Highland Lunar Soil Simulant). He has guided 10 PhD scholars and 6 more are in progress, 5 MS (by research) and more than 40 M.Tech. students in Geotechnical and allied research areas. He is the Founder Chairman of Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS-Trichy) Trichy Chapter. He is a member of Technical Committee (TC-301 on “Preservation of Historic Sites”) of International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Prof. Muthukkumaran area of research is in geotechnical engineering, which includes pile foundation, soil-structure interaction, marine geotechnics and foundations, field instrumentation, geotechnical physical modeling, ground improvement and forensic geotechnical engineering. He has received DST Young Scientist Award, IGS-Smt. Indra Joshi Biennial Award and Keynote Paper Award—GEOMATE Conference 2015 at Osaka, Japan. He is an Asso- ciate Editor of Australian journal of Civil Engineering and serving editorial board member of several journals. Prof. Muthukkumaran has significant administrative contribution as Estate Officer, Associate Dean (Planning and Development), Member of Buildings and Works Committee and Member of Board of Governors (BoG) of National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli and Member of Buildings and Works Committee, IIM Trichy. He has received NIT Trichy Achiever Awards for research publications, research projects, maximum citation and consultancy projects. Dr. Balunaini Umashankar is Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad. He has been with IIT Hyderabad since 2009 after completing his Ph.D. from Purdue University. He did his Bachelors from S V University in 2000 and Masters from IIT Kanpur in 2002. He specializes in ix