Early Printed Books as Material Objects PDF
Preview Early Printed Books as Material Objects
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Fédération Internationale des Associations de Bibliothécaires et des Bibliothèques Internationaler Verband der bibliothekarischen Vereine und Institutionen Международная Федерация Библиотечных Ассоциаций и Учреждений Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Bibliotecarios y Bibliotecas About IFLA www.ifla.org IFLA (The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) is the leading international body representing the interests of library and information ser- vices and their users. It is the global voice of the library and information profession. IFLA provides information specialists throughout the world with a forum for ex- changing ideas and promoting international cooperation, research, and develop- ment in all fields of library activity and information service. IFLA is one of the means through which libraries, information centres, and information professionals worldwide can formulate their goals, exert their influence as a group, protect their interests, and find solutions to global problems. IFLA’s aims, objectives, and professional programme can only be fulfilled with the cooperation and active involvement of its members and affiliates. Currently, ap- proximately 1,600 associations, institutions and individuals, from widely divergent cultural back-grounds, are working together to further the goals of the Federation and to promote librarianship on a global level. Through its formal membership, IFLA directly or indirectly represents some 500,000 library and information profes- sionals worldwide. IFLA pursues its aims through a variety of channels, including the publication of a major journal, as well as guidelines, reports and monographs on a wide range of topics. IFLA organizes workshops and seminars around the world to enhance pro- fessional practice and increase awareness of the growing importance of libraries in the digital age. All this is done in collaboration with a number of other non- governmental organizations, funding bodies and international agencies such as UNESCO and WIPO. IFLANET, the Federation’s website, is a prime source of in- formation about IFLA, its policies and activities: www.ifla.org Library and information professionals gather annually at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress, held in August each year in cities around the world. IFLA was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1927 at an international conference of national library directors. IFLA was registered in the Netherlands in 1971. The Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Royal Library), the national library of the Netherlands, in The Hague, generously provides the facilities for our headquarters. Regional of- f ices are located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pretoria, South Africa; and Singapore. IFLA Publications 149 Early Printed Books as Material Objects Proceedings of the Conference Organized by the IFLA Rare Books and Manuscripts Section Munich, 19–21 August 2009 Edited by Bettina Wagner and Marcia Reed De Gruyter Saur IFLA Publications edited by Sjoerd Koopman Social science libraries : interdisciplinary collections, services, networks / edited by Steven W. Witt and Lynne M. Rudasill. p. cm. -- (IFLA publications, ISSN 0344-6891 ; 144) “Each chapter is a direct result of the IFLA Social Science Libraries Sec- tion’s 2008 conference titled Disappearing disciplinary borders in the social science library : global studies or sea change?, which took place August 6th- 7th, 2008 at the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Information (FI)”-- Foreword. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-11-023214-1 (alk. paper) 1. Social science libraries. 2. Interdisciplinary research. I. Witt, Steve W. II. Rudasill, Lynne M. III. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. Social Science Libraries Section. Z675.S6S63 2010 026.3--dc22 2010019674 ISBN 978-3-11-025324-5 e-ISBN 978-3-11-025530-0 ISSN 0344-6891 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York Data conversion and typesetting by Dr. Rainer Ostermann, München Printing and binding by Strauss GmbH, Mörlenbach © 2010 by International Federation and Library Associations and Institutions, The Hague, The Netherlands ∞ Printed on permanent paper The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard – Permanence of Paper for Productions and Documents in Libraries and Archives ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com V PREFACE For many years, the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München has been an active contributor to the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), in recognition of its role as the leading international body representing the interests of library and information services and their users and as the global voice of the library and information profession. Since IFLA’s foundation in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1927, many members of the staff working at the Baye- rische Staatsbibliothek have been involved in various standing committees of IFLA sections and participated in the annual congresses. In 1956, the first IFLA World Congress on German soil was organized by Gustav Hofmann (IFLA president from 1958 to 1963) in Munich, and the city hosted the con- gress again in 1983, with a record number of more than 1500 participants. In 2003, when the congress was held in Berlin, the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek organized a pre-conference on the theme ‘Is digital different? New trends and challenges in acquisition and collection development’. In August 2009, we were proud to welcome more than 150 colleagues from all over the world in Munich to the pre-conference on ‘Early printed books as material objects – Principles, problems, perspectives’, which was held as a satel- lite meeting to the annual congress of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) in Milan, Italy. The pre-conference was organized by the IFLA Section for Rare Books and Manuscripts, chaired from 2007 to 2009 by Dr. Bettina Wagner, head of manuscript cataloguing and curator of incunabula at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. In order to show the richness of our collections of early printed books, the conference was accompanied by the exhibition ‘Als die Lettern laufen lernten’, whose bilingual catalogue was prepared by Dr. Wag- ner with the support of many colleagues, especially from the Department of Manuscripts and Early Printed Books and from Public Relations. The theme of the exhibition, which focused on the transition from handwritten to mechanical book production in the second half of the fifteenth century, is reflected in many of the conference papers published in this volume. Complementing each other in this manner, the conference and the exhibition opened wider perspectives both on the items on display and the questions raised in the papers, and it was a great pleas- ure to experience the intensive and constructive exchange among the participants. Stimulating such discussions by facilitating access to our historical collec- tions, both for scholars and a wider public, is a task high on our agenda. In recent years, the methods employed to reach this goal have diversified. A steadily in- creasing part of our holdings is now available in electronic form via the internet. Over ten million items, comprising all printed books and already a large pro- portion of our manuscripts, are recorded in the library OPAC, and for our spe- cial collections, more detailed information is provided in databases for manu- scripts or incunabula and the German national bibliographies in which the Baye- VI Preface rische Staatsbibliothek has been a leading contributor since their inception. As these enterprises are far advanced, they can now serve as backbones for large- scale digitization projects based on our collections. The Bayerische Staatsbiblio- thek has been at the forefront of these developments, and in the late 1990s, a centre for digitization was founded in Munich. With financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, thousands of our incunabula and sixteenth- century books printed in Germany have already been digitized, and these projects will be continuing for the years to come. In addition, more than one million copyright-free titles, including a large number of early modern books printed abroad, are being digitized in a public-private-partnership with Google following an agreement signed in 2007. By developing innovative digitization technologies and by providing access to our OPAC and digital collections also via mobile applications for smartphones, the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek is continuously enhancing its digital and internet-based services. In the digital world in which we live, it is sometimes important to remind readers, but also some librarians and funding agencies, that a large part of our documentary heritage is still available only as a handwritten or printed book. Books are material objects, and libraries will continue to have to preserve them and make them accessible in physical form. Most early printed books survive in many copies, and it is hardly conceivable that every single item in our collections will be transformed into electronic form. The papers in this volume demonstrate impressively what insights can be gained by comparing different copies of an early printed edition and by analyzing physical features that can be observed only in a three-dimensional original object. Thus, they stress the importance of creating precise and detailed descriptions of the ‘copy in hand’. Such time- consuming and labour-intensive work requires experienced and knowledgeable cataloguers and is possible only with funding from the Deutsche Forschungs- gemeinschaft, which also sponsored the IFLA pre-conference ‘Early printed books as material objects – Principles, problems, perspectives’. We are very grateful for the wide-ranging support we have received from the Deutsche For- schungsgemeinschaft over many years. I would also like to express our thanks to the Consortium of European Research Libraries and the IFLA Section for Rare Books and Manuscripts for co-sponsoring the event in Munich and for as- sisting in the publication of the conference proceedings, to the Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv for the use of its auditorium and for technical support, and to all members of the staff at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek who ensured that the participants in the conference and visitors to the exhibition had a profitable and pleasant stay in Munich. Dr. Rolf Griebel Director General, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München VII TABLE OF CONTENTS Rolf Griebel Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V Abbreviations and Short Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI Bettina Wagner Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Beginnings of Printing Paul Needham Copy-specifics in the Printing Shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Eric Marshall White The Gutenberg Bibles that Survive as Binder’s Waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Painted Decoration Mayumi Ikeda The First Experiments in Book Decoration at the Fust-Schöffer Press . . 39 Lilian Armstrong Information from Illumination: Three Case Studies of Incunabula in the 1470s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Christine Beier Producing, Buying and Decorating Books in the Age of Gutenberg. The Role of Monasteries in Central Europe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Colour Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Manuscript Annotation Patricia J. Osmond: Pomponio Leto’s Unpublished Commentary on Sallust: Five Witnesses (and more) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 VIII Table of Contents Armin Schlechter Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘Mona Lisa’ in a Marginal Note in a Cicero Incunable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Bookbindings Claire Bolton Links between a Fifteenth-century Printer and a Binder . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Ulrike Marburger The German Database of Historical Bookbindings (EBDB): Aims and Perspectives of a Cooperative Research Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Scott Husby Bookbindings on Incunabula in American Library Collections: a Working Census . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Distribution and Provenance Cristina Dondi The Venetian Booktrade: a Methodological Approach to and First Results of Book-based Historical Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Angela Nuovo Private Libraries in Sixteenth-century Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Raphaële Mouren Quatre siècles d’histoire de la bibliothèque Vettori: entre vénération et valorisation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Michaela Scheibe The ‘Biography of Copies’: Provenance Description in Online Catalogues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 The Later Use of Incunabula Kristian Jensen Creating a Better Past: Collectors of Incunabula in the Late Eighteenth Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Table of Contents IX Margaret Lane Ford Deconstruction and Reconstruction: Detecting and Interpreting Sophisticated Copies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Methodological Aspects Wolfgang Undorf The Idea(l) of the Ideal Copy: Some Thoughts on Books with Multiple Identities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 David Pearson The Importance of the Copy Census as a Methodology in Book History. . 321 Appendix Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Index of Names and Places. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Index of Manuscripts and Incunabula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Table of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
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