e-Science: Open, Social And Virtual Technology For Research Collaboration PDF
Preview e-Science: Open, Social And Virtual Technology For Research Collaboration
Progress in IS Claudia Koschtial Thomas Köhler Carsten Felden Editors e-Science Open, Social and Virtual Technology for Research Collaboration Progress in IS “PROGRESSinIS”encompassesthevariousareasofInformationSystemsintheory andpractice,presentingcutting-edgeadvancesinthefield.Itisaimedespeciallyat researchers,doctoralstudents,andadvancedpractitioners.Theseriesfeaturesboth researchmonographsthatmakesubstantialcontributionstoourstateofknowledge and handbooks and other edited volumes, in which a team of experts is organized byoneormoreleadingauthoritiestowriteindividualchaptersonvariousaspectsof thetopic.“PROGRESSinIS”iseditedbyaglobalteamofleadingISexperts.The editorialboardexpresslywelcomesnewmemberstothisgroup.Individualvolumes in this series are supported by a minimum of two members of the editorial board, andacodeofconductmandatoryforallmembersoftheboardensuresthequality andcutting-edgenatureofthetitlespublishedunderthisseries. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/10440 · · Claudia Koschtial Thomas Köhler Carsten Felden Editors e-Science Open, Social and Virtual Technology for Research Collaboration Editors ClaudiaKoschtial ThomasKöhler TUBergakademieFreiberg MediaCenter Freiberg,Germany TUDresden Dresden,Germany CarstenFelden TUBergakademieFreiberg Freiberg,Germany ISSN2196-8705 ISSN2196-8713 (electronic) ProgressinIS ISBN978-3-030-66261-5 ISBN978-3-030-66262-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66262-2 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s)2021.Thisbookisanopenaccesspublication. OpenAccessThisbookislicensedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0International License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),whichpermitsuse,sharing,adaptation,distribu- tionandreproductioninanymediumorformat,aslongasyougiveappropriatecredittotheoriginal author(s)andthesource,providealinktotheCreativeCommonslicenseandindicateifchangeswere made. Theimagesorotherthirdpartymaterialinthisbookareincludedinthebook’sCreativeCommonslicense, unlessindicatedotherwiseinacreditlinetothematerial.Ifmaterialisnotincludedinthebook’sCreative Commonslicenseandyourintendeduseisnotpermittedbystatutoryregulationorexceedsthepermitted use,youwillneedtoobtainpermissiondirectlyfromthecopyrightholder. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Introduction This publication, e-science: The enhanced science, is a collection of conference papers, reviewed and selected in a double-blind review process by a distinguished reviewercommittee.FromtheverybeginningwhenJohnTaylorintroducedtheterm, e-sciencedidnotonlycompriseinfrastructureasanenablerofscientificdiscovery, butalso“globalcollaborationinkeyareasofscience”(Taylor1999).Ascomputer technologies and digital tools pervade the academic world, it is time to ask what changesareimpliedwhenan“e”isaddedtoscience.Whatisprimarilydiscussedin GermanyandGreatBritainundertheterme-sciencecorrespondsintheUSAtothe conceptofcyberinfrastructuresandinAustraliatotheconceptofe-research. Morerecentlythediscourseaboute-sciencehasbeendealingwithcollaborative researchthatisbasedonacomprehensivedigitalinfrastructure.Thisinfrastructure both ultimately integrates all relevant resources for a research domain in a digital formatandprovidestoolsforprocessingsuchdata.Incomputing-intensiveresearch scenarios,e-scienceincludesdistributionofcomputingcapacities,supportingcollab- orative processes of a rather inter-institutional character, such as (inter)national networks.Theopeninnovationapproachcreatesnewplatformsfordevelopingand publishing research results. For example the MOVING platform (http://moving- project.eu/moving-platform/ cf. Vagliano et al. 2018) supports new collaborative researchpracticesandhasbecomearesourceforfurtherresearch. In this sense and in addition to the technological aspect (virtualization of hard- ware),e-sciencealsohasasocialandpolitics-of-scienceaspect(cooperativeresearch, reusability of data and interoperability of digital tools). Although there is the will toexpande-sciencemethodsintothewidereconomyandsociety,thisdevelopment is occurring slowly. New skill sets are being acquired in the e-humanities, virtual engineering or visual analytics (Redecker and Punie 2017; Köhler 2018). Yet e- sciencealsocomprisesopenaccess,e-learningandgridcomputing; thesechanges areenabledbystatefundingandpublicinterest.Asaresult,theconceptofe-science continues to generate new concepts for particular disciplines such as e-geography, e-humanities,e-medicineore-engineering. The 2014 International Conference on Infrastructures and Cooperation in e- Science and e-Humanities reflected the broad ongoing discussion concerning the changesaffectingresearchandteachinginuniversitiesnowadays.Itaddressedcurrent v vi Introduction Section2: Organizational & sociotechnical perspectives s m s er ct on and t Section3: e prospe 1: Definiti perspIeTc tives n 5: Futur Section Section4: Sectio Cases & experiences Fig.1 Structureof“e-science:theenhancedscience” questionsandsolutionsrelatedtotechnologiesorapplicationsaswellastheirimplica- tionsfortheconductofscience.Itinvestigateddigitallyenhancedacademicinitiatives fromtechnologicalandsocio-scientificperspectives. This volume is subdivided into five sections representing different perspectives one-science,asseeninthefigurebelow.Thefirstsectionintroducesthebookand reviewstheliteratureconcerningthedefinitionofe-science.Section2providesorga- nizationalandsocio-technicalperspectives,especiallytheuseofweb2.0toolsfrom an individual viewpoint and the successful implementation of such tools from an organizationalviewpoint.Ase-scienceofcourserelatestoinformationtechnology, Section3coversITperspectives,andSection4presentsdomain-specificcasesand experiences.Finally,theproceedingsclosewithfutureprospects(Fig.1). The introductory section of the proceedings Digital research infrastructure: an overviewstartsoutwithC.Koschtial’scontribution,ananalysisofthetermscovered bythefieldofdigitalresearch,thatis,e-scienceitself,andrelatedtermslikecyber- scienceorscience2.0.Ase-scienceisasocio-technicalsystem,itcanbeapproached fromtheperspectiveofthehumanuser,thetaskorthetechnology,asidentifiedby Heinrich(1993,pp.8).Theaimistoidentifythedominantapproachtoe-science,to distinguishbetween thedifferenttermsandidentifyhowthetermsreflectchanges intheprevailingresearchstreams. Section2dealswithindividualusageoftoolsandorganizationalenablementof this. The first paper of the second section, authored by T. Köhler, C. Lattemann andJ.Neumann,isentitledOrganizingAcademiaOnline:Organizationmodelsin e-learningVersuse-scienceCollaboration,identifiesformsoforganizationalgover- nance enabling effective e-collaboration for scientists. Organizational governance Introduction vii captures (social, output or behavioural) controls that are suitable for effective e- collaborationinscientificcommunities.Basedonthreecasestudies,theauthoridenti- fiesITasakeyfactorinsuccessfulvirtualizationandconcludesthatthereisaneedfor virtualizedorganizationmodelswhichrefertoprocessesandstructure.Thesecond contributionfrominthissectionbyB.MohamedandT.Köhlerinvestigatesindividual researchersandtheirwilltouseweb2.0tools.Inthethirdpaper,focusonconcep- tualizing and validating digital research collaboration between novice researchers. BasedontheFISHmodel,anonlinesurveyof140noviceresearcherswascarriedout andanalysedusingPartialLeastSquaresfortheanalysisofthedata.Onemainresult is that successful usage of online tools enhances the belief in web 2.0 as a useful instrument.Thesecondmainresultisthatbenefitsexperiencedbysharingenhance motivation for collaboration. Based on an online study comparing Germany as a wholewiththefederalstateofSaxony,thefinalcontributionofthesecondsection authored by S. Albrecht, C. Minet, S. Herbst, D. Pscheida and T. Köhler presents researchintotheextenttowhichdigitaltoolsareadopted.Onefindingisthatcertain toolsarenowusedbymorethanthehalfofthescientistsintheirdailyprofessional life,butweb2.0toolslikemicroblogsandsocialnetworkingsitesareusedfarless often. In Section 3, the focus is on digital tools or information infrastructures, which have not been considered yet. The first paper contributed by O. Schonefeld, M. StührenbergandA.Wittinthissectiondiscussesimportantguidelinesforresearch infrastructures,whichareusedtosupportteaching,researchandyoungresearchers. RegardingIT,researchinfrastructuresshouldbemaintainedincollaborationbetween organizations. To reduce costs, energy efficient or green, technologies should be considered,andsecurenetworksareneededenablingtominimizerisks.Concerning the aspect of information infrastructure, the authors stress the relevance of data repositoriesandpublicationserversinaformatthatallowsthestoreddocumentsor datatobeusedinthelongterm.Furtherimportantconsiderationsregardingresearch infrastructuresincludecopyrightlawswithspecificnationalregulationsandpersonal data protection. Accordingly, the authors identify a need for an IT strategy and correspondingrolessuchasthatofdataprotectionofficerinorganizationsproviding aresearchinfrastructure. ThesecondpaperauthoredbyA.Apaolaza,T.Backes,S.Barthold,I.Bienia,T. Blume,C.Collyda,A.Fessl,S.Gottfried,P.Grunewald,F.Günther,T.Köhler,R. Lorenz, M. Heinz, S. Herbst, V. Mezaris, C. Nishioka, A. Pournaras, V. Sabol, A. Saleh, A. Scherp, U. Simic, A.M.J. Skulimowski, I. Vagliano, M. Vigo, M. Wiese andT.ZdolšekDrakslerintroducesMOVING:AUser-CentricPlatformforOnline LiteracyTrainingandLearning.Theplatformenablestheusageofmachinelearning forsearching,organizingandmanagingunstructureddatasources.Thedatasources comprisebutarenotlimitedtopublications,videosorsocialmedia.Thecontribution presentsthewebplatformfromauser-centredperspectiveinordertogiveanoverview ofthefunctionalities. Thefinalpaper ofSection3fromG.Heyer andV.Boehlke presents aresearch infrastructurecalledCLARIN-D.Thisisaweb-basedplatformforthee-humanities, used to collect and provide digital content, with the services needed to store the viii Introduction content.Oneofthemostimportantelementsinsearchcontentismetadata,whichis showntobeusefulforfindingdataandalgorithms. Section 4 presents cases and experiences in the field of e-science. In the first paper,M.HeidariandO.Arnoldshowthatfullydigitalizedscholarlyactivitiessuch asonlineexaminationscanhaveahighvariability,whichpresentsamanageability challenge.Theauthorsanalysethevariabilityoflegallyanalogueexamprocessesand provethenecessityforestablishingmanagementmodels.Theauthorsofthesecond paper,DesigningExternalKnowledgeCommunicationinaResearchNetwork:The Case of Sustainable Land Management, examine factors influencing the knowl- edge communication process. The aim is to find factors in successful communi- cation between researchers and stakeholders as a representation of collaboration. The authors describe steps that need to be taken to enable successful communica- tion:formulatetheproblem,analysethesituation,definecommunicationobjectives, identifytargetgroups,formulatethemessageanddevelopacommunicationstrategy andactivities.S.Münster’spaper,ResearchingScientificStructuresViaJointAuthor- ships:TheCaseofVirtual3DModellinginHumanitiesisthelastinSection4.This case study of scientific structures is an analysis of co-authoring for a defined set of conferences. The topics are interdisciplinarity, number of publications and co- authoring, and multipliers. The author identifies multipliers for knowledge in the fieldof3Dmodelling. Finally, in Section 5, A. Skulimowski presents a Delphi study trying to shed somelightonfuturedevelopmentsine-science,especiallyinselectedITtechnolo- gies. He focuses on two emerging systems, brain-computer interfaces and global expertsystemsthatprocessdatabases,communicationandunstructuredformatslike videos.Thesesystemsmayleadtocollectiveratherthancollaborativeresearch,as one researcher cannot manage the volume of information alone anymore. Another scenariobasedontheautomateddataanalysesisthatpaperscanbeproducedalmost completely with minimal human intervention. In any case, Skulimowski paints an interestingpictureofthefutureofscience. We hope that you will find this an interesting collection of a wide range of perspectives,whichcontributestoyourideasandvisionsofe-science. Acknowledgements First of all, the conference was part of the e-science Network of the Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Technische Universität Dresden and Leipzig UniversityofAppliedSciences.Thisconferenceandtheresultingpublicationhave been enabled and financially supported by the European Social Fund ESF and the Saxon State Ministry of Science and Culture, whom we want to thank herewith. Additionally, we want to thank Dean Prof. Dr. Andreas Horsch for his financial supportinordertomakethebookavailableasopenaccesspublication. The editors especially want to thank all the authors whose contributions give thisvolumeitsspecialquality,andfortheirpatientsupportthroughouttheprocess Introduction ix of publication. Furthermore, we want to thank all reviewers for their helpful and progressenablingcomments,enhancingthequalityofallcontributions.Wewantto thankDominikWuttkeaswellasIliaVershininfortheirexacttransferofallthepapers to LNCS. For the language correction, we want to thank Dr. Kate Sotejeff-Wilson forhersupportandqualityassurance. Wewishyou,thereaders,inspiringreading! Freiberg/Dresden,Germany ClaudiaKoschtial Spring2020 ThomasKöhler CarstenFelden References Heinrich,L.J.:Wirtschaftsinformatik.OldenbourgVerlag,München(1993) Köhler,T.:Researchtrainingfordoctoralcandidatesinthefieldofeducationandtechnology.In: Drummer,J.,Hakimov,G.,Joldoshov,M.,Köhler,T.,Udartseva,S.(eds.)VocationalTeacher EducationinCentralAsia.DevelopingSkillsandFacilitatingSuccess.Springer,Berlin(2018) Redecker,C.,Punie,Y.:EuropeanframeworkforthedigitalcompetenceofeducatorsDigCompEdu. PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,Luxembourg(2017) Taylor, J.: e-Science. http://www.e-science.clrc.ac.uk, https://web.archive.org/web/200102222 31418/,http://www.e-science.clrc.ac.uk/(1999).LastAccessed18Feb2020 Vagliano,I.,Guenther,F.,Heinz,M.,Apaolaza,A.,Bienia,I.,Breitfuss,G.,Blume,T.,Collyda,C., Fessl,A.,Gottfried,S.,Hasitschka,P.,Kellermann,J.,Köhler,T.,Maas,A.,Mezaris,V.,Saleh, A.,Skulimowski,A.M.J.,Thalmann,S.,Vigo,M.,Wertner,A.,Wiese,M.&Scherp,A.:Open innovationinthebigdataerawiththeMOVINGplatform:Anintegratedworkingandtraining approachfordata-savvyinformationprofessionals.IEEEMultiMedia25,3,8–21,July–Sept. 2018(2018)
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