Dynamics of heterogeneous combustion and reacting systems PDF
Preview Dynamics of heterogeneous combustion and reacting systems
Dynamics of Heterogeneous Combustion and Reacting Systems Edited by A. L. Kuhl Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory El Segundo, California J.-C. Leyer Universite de Poitiers Poitiers, France A. A. Borisov Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia W. A. Sirignano University of California Irvine, California Volume 152 PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS A. Richard Seebass, Editor-in-Chief University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder, Colorado Technical papers from the Thirteenth International Colloquium on Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, Nagoya, Japan, July 1991, and subsequently revised for this volume. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW, Washington, DC 20024-2518 Copyright © 1993 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. 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AIAA is not responsible for any injury or damage resulting from use or reliance, nor does AIAA warrant that use or reliance will be free from privately owned rights. ISSN 0079-6050 Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics Editor-in-Chief A. Richard Seebass University of Colorado at Boulder Editorial Board Richard G. Bradley John L. Junkins General Dynamics Texas A&M University Alien E. Fuhs Daniel p Raymer Carmel, California Conceptual Research Corporation George J. Gleghorn TRW Space and Technology Group Martin Summerfield Princeton Combustion Research Dale B. Henderson Laboratories, Inc. Los Alamos National Laboratory Charles E. Treanor Carolyn L. Huntoon Arvin /Calspan NASA Johnson Space Center Advanced Technology Center Jeanne Godette Director Book Publications AIAA This page intentionally left blank Preface The four companion volumes on Dynamic Aspects of Detonation and Explosion Phenomena and Dynamics of Gaseous and Heterogeneous Combustion and React- ing Systems present 111 of the 230 papers given at the Thirteenth International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems held in Nagoya, Japan from July 28 to August 2, 1991. These four volumes are included in the Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics series published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. Dynamics of Gaseous Combustion (Volume 151) and Dynamics of Heterogeneous Combustion and Reacting Systems (Volume 152) span a broad area, encompassing the processes of coupling the exothermic energy release with the fluid mechanics occurring in various combustion processes. Dynamic Aspects of Detonations (Volume 153) and Dynamic Aspects of Explosion Phenomena (Volume 154) principally address the rate processes of energy deposition in a compressible medium and the concurrent nonsteady flow as it typically occurs in explosion phenomena. The Colloquium, in addition to embracing the usual topics of explo- sions, detonations, shock phenomena, and reactive flow, includes papers that deal primarily with the gasdynamic aspects of nonsteady flow in combustion systems, the fluid mechanic aspects of combustion (with particular emphasis on turbulence), and diagnostic techniques. In this volume, Dynamics of Heterogeneous Combustion and Reacting Systems, papers have been arranged into chapters on the dynamics of turbulent combustion, combustion in dust-air mixtures, droplet combustion, pulsed jet combustion, and internal combustion engines. Chapter I contains a number of contributions to the dynamics of turbulent combustion. For example, Yahagi et al. investigate the effects of flame curvature in a stagnation-point flow. Zhang and Bray evaluate the spatial and temporal correlations in turbulent flames, and examine the closure of chemical source terms in turbulent systems. Chapter II, Combustion in Dust-Air Mixtures, presents results that are particu- larly relevant to explosion hazards posed by industrial and agricultural processes. Results are presented for experiments on turbulent flame propagation in dust-air mixtures for laboratory-scale experiments by Rial et al. Klemens and Jarosinski et al. have attempted to identify the fundamental mechanisms of flame propagation in dust-air mixtures. Wolinksi and Wolanski investigate combustion in dust layers induced by shock waves; this study is of particular relevance to coal mine hazards. Finally, Joulin has studied flame quenching in fuel-rich dust-air mixtures. Chapter III puts forth recent progress on droplet combustion. It includes articles on vaporization and combustion of fine metal slurry droplets by Bhatia and Sirignano, ignition processes by Arai et al. and Tsukamoto and Niioka, and numerical models of vaporizing sprays based on the Euler equations by Sainsaulieu. Chapter IV describes new research on pulsed jet combustion (PJC), a novel method proposed by A. K. Oppenheim for achieving fluid-mechanic control of combustion and, thereby, improving the efficiency of internal combustion engines. It includes experimental data on comparative performance of PJC systems by Abdel-Mageed et al., numerical simulations of PJC by Hishida and Hayashi, and experiments on combustion augmentation by hydrogen-air jets, as reported by Wakai and Nagai. Chapter V presents recent progress on the fluid mechanics of internal combustion (1C) engines. It begins with a seminal contribution on the thermodynamics of combustion in an enclosure by Oppenheim and Maxson. It includes three-dimen- sional simulations of the flowfield in an 1C engine, based on the Navier-Stokes equations (Naitoh and Kuwahard)\ investigations of fundamental mechanisms (e.g., thermal conduction and molecular diffusion) that cause inhomogeneities in ignition processes by Kadowaki et al.; and observations of cool blue flames in rapid compression machines by Furutani et al. The companion volumes, Dynamics of Gaseous Combustion (Volume 151), Dynamic Aspects of Detonations (Volume 153), and Dynamic Aspects of Explosion Phenomena (Volume 154) include papers on the behavior of propagating premixed flames, ignition dynamics, diffusion flames and their structure, nonsteady flames, and combustion in shear layers; papers on the chronology of research on detonation waves covering the period of 1920-1950, gaseous detonations, initiation of detona- tion waves, nonideal detonations and boundary effects; as well as papers on gas explosions, dust explosions, vapor explosions, and nonsteady flows. These four volumes will, we trust, help satisfy the need first articulated in 1966 and will continue the tradition of augmenting our understanding of the dynamics of explosions and reactive systems begun the following year in Brussels with the first colloquium. Subsequent colloquia have been held on a biennial basis: 1969 in Novosibirsk, 1971 in Marseilles, 1973 in La Jolla, 1975 in Bourges, 1977 in Stockholm, 1979 in Gottingen, 1981 in Minsk, 1983 in Poitiers, 1985 in Berkeley, 1987 in Warsaw, 1989 in Ann Arbor, and 1991 in Nagoya. The Colloquium has now achieved the status of a principal international meeting on these topics, and attracts contributions from scientists and engineers throughout the world. To provide an enduring focal point for the administrative aspects of the ICDERS, the organization was formally incorporated in the state of Washington under the name Institute for Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (IDERS). Professor J. R. Bowen is serving as the current president. Communications may be sent to: Dean J. R. Bowen President, IDERS College of Engineering FH-10 University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 USA Papers from the first six colloquia have appeared as a part of the journal Acta Astronautica, or its predecessor, Astronautica Acta. With the publication of the Seventh Colloquium, selected papers have appeared as part of the Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics series published by the American Institute of Aero- nautics and Astronautics (AIAA). These are the last Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems Colloquium papers to appear in the Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics series. Acknowledgments The Thirteenth Colloquium was held under the auspices of Nagoya University from July 28 to August 2,1991. Local arrangements were organized by Professors T. Fujiwara and A. K. Hayashi. Publication of selected papers from the Colloquium was made possible by grants from the National Science Foundation and the Defense Nuclear Agency of the United States. Generous financial support for the meeting was received from the following organizations: Aichi Machine Industry Company, Aichi Prefecture, Aishin AW, Canon Sales Company, Central Japan Nagoya Airport, Central Japan Nagoya Station, Chubu Aeronautics and Space Technology Development Association, Chubu Electric Power Company, Daikin Industry, DAIKO Foundation, ENGAKU, Haruki (Mr.), ET Planning, FUJIMA Sohke School of Kabuki Dances, Gifu Auto Body Industry Company, Hitachi, Honda Motor Company, IBM Japan, Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Isuzu Motor Company, Japan Gas Association, KATO Ryutaro Foundation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kobe Steel, Matsushita Graphic Communication Systems, Mazda Motor Company, Meitec Corporation, Mitsubushi Heavy Industries, Nagoya City, Nippon Denso, Nippon Oil and Fats Company, Nippon Sanso, Nippon Steel Corporation, Nissan Motor Company, Rinnai Corporation, Science Research Fundings from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture (Profs. K. Abe, T. Fujiwara, and K. Takayama), Shachihata Industrial Company, Sogo Solvent Company, Takashimaya-Nippatsu Kogyo Company, Toho Gas, Tokai Bank, Toshiba Corporation (Chubu Branch), Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Toyoda Gosei Company, Toyoda Machine Tools, Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratory, Toyota Motor Company, and Toyota Techno Service Company. A. L. Kuhl J.-C. Leyer A. A. Borisov W. A. Sirignano May 1993 This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents Preface Chapter I. Dynamics of Turbulent Combustion Amplification of a Pressure Wave by Its Passage Through a Flame Front...................................................3 T. Scarinci and J. H. Lee, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and G. O. Thomas, R. Bambrey, and D. H. Edwards, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, United Kingdom Flame Curvature and Flame Speed of a Turbulent Premixed Flame in a Stagnation Point Flow..........................................25 Yuji Yahagi, Toshihisa Ueda, and Masahiko Mizomoto, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Near-Field CARS Measurements and the Local Extinction of Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames ..................................37 Fumiaki Takahashi and Marlin D. Vangsness, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio Correlation of Temporal and Spatial Data in Turbulent Premixed Bunsen Flames................................................56 Y. Zhang and K. N. C. Bray, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Numerical Simulation and Statistical Aspects of a Simple Model for "Hole Dynamics" in Turbulent Diffusion Flames....................70 L. J. Hartley, J. W. Dold, and D. Green, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Modeling of Autoignition in Nonpremixed Turbulent Systems: Closure of the Chemical-Source Terms............................87 Y. Zhang, B. Rogg, and K. N. C. Bray, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Chapter II. Combustion in Dust-Air Mixtures Shock-Wave Induced Combustion of Dust Layers....................105 Marek Wolinski and Piotr Wolanski, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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