Dynamic Analysis and Earthquake Resistant Design, Vol. 2: Methods of Dynamic Analysis PDF
Preview Dynamic Analysis and Earthquake Resistant Design, Vol. 2: Methods of Dynamic Analysis
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN Volume 2 Methods of Dynamic Analysis DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND EARTHQU AKE RESISTANT DESIGN Volume 2 Methods of Dynamic Analysis Japanese Society of Civil Engineers Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business A BALKEMA BOOK Original Japanese edition and published by Gihodo Shuppan Co. Ltd. Published by: CRC Press/Balkema P.O. Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] www.crcpress.com - www.taylorandfrancis.com © 2000 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works ISBN 13: 978-90-5410-290-8 (set) ISBN 13: 978-90-5410-292-2 (Volume 2)(hbk) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Translator Mr. Prakash Kanade PREFACE TO THE SERIES (ENGLISH EDITION) The original Japanese version of this book was published more than ten y~ars ago in June 1989. At that time, only divinity could have prognosticated the 1994 Northridge earthquake or the 1995 Kobe earthquake (officially named as the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake) in the years to come. These earthquakes clearly demonstrated thatthe built environment even in Japan and the United States, two of the most advanced countries in engineering for earthquake dis aster mitigation, are not immune to calamities caused by strong ground mo tions of near-field earthquakes. When the Kobe earthquake occurred at 5:46 a.m., on the morning ofJanu ary 17, 1995, I was sleepingina hotel in Osaka, about 40 kmfrom the epicenter. It was the strongest shaking I had ever experienced. Within perhaps 30 min utes I knew that the epicenter was near the city of Kobe, the magnitude being 7.2, and the focal depth was about 20 km. And of course I knew that greater Kobe city has a population of some 2 million people. Even after knowing all this I could not imagine that a disaster of the magnitude which eventually claimed more than 6,000 lives was beginning to take place. Even today, when I think back about the day of the occurrence of the Kobe earthquake, I feel ashamed of my misjudgement. If people say that is due to my overconfidence in the technical standards of Japanese earthquake engineering, I am more than ready to accept the accusation. I had a chance to see devastations caused by the 1985 Mexico earthquake, 1989 Lorna Prieta earthquake, and 1994 Northridge earthquake, all in situ. Yet, I did not expect, or I was reluctant to believe, that similar disasters might also take place in our country (Japan). During the late 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, the Japanese economy was vibrant. "Make it faster" was a slogan of the time. After having successfully constructed many infrastructural facilities such as the Tokaido shinkansen bullet train, the Tokyo metropolitan expressways, etc., Japanese engineers seemed to have become over-confident in what they had been doing. We tended to forget that forces of nature can humble us. vi It is true that this book does not contain some of the more recent devel opments which took place in the last ten years, particularly those after the 1995 Kobe earthquake. However, most of the contents in this book are based on well-tested engineering facts. What had been lacking then was not the engineering achievement itself but the vision which has been gained through exposure to subsequent earthquakes and the damage wrought by them. When things appear to be going well we tend to shut our eyes to adverse situations. The primary objective of this book is to explain the basic knowledge nec essary to understand earthquake engineering in general and to analyze the dynamic response of civil structures such as foundations, dams, industrial facilities, bridges, in-ground structures, and port and harbour structures. I do believe that the book has an unique objective and that it will be useful in understanding the philosophy of earthquake-resistant design adopted by Japa nese civil engineers. I wrote in the preface of the original Japanese version: It is a problem to predict how earthquake engineering should evolve in the next ten or twenty years. Some of the answers to this question might now lie in the study of earthquakes which occurred in Nmthridge (1994), Kobe (1995), Turkey (1999), and Taiwan (1999). Our strife with earthquakes is a constant learning process, and I do not know whether or not we will ever be able to win. All earthquake professionals, however, realize that we cannot quit. I hope this book will help in fulfilling our never-ending endeavour. I would like to thank a number of colleagues who really worked hard in the preparation of this book. My special appreciation goes to Professors Tatsuo Ohmachi (Tokyo Institute of Technology), Tadanobu Sato (Kyoto University), Kazuhiko Kawashima (Tokyo Institute of Technology), and Masanori Hamada (Waseda University), who were responsible for editing each of the four vol umes of the original book. In particular, I would like to acknowledge the late Shinobu Miyazaki of the Gihodo Shuppan Co. Ltd., without whose warm encouragement this book would never have been completed. March,2000 Tsuneo Katayama Group Leader JAPAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING COMMITTEE COMMITTEE ON EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT ENGINEERING Under JAPAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS WORKING GROUP ON STUDIES REGARDING DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION (as at the time of the Japanese edition) Group Leader Katayama Tsuneo Institute of Industrial Science; University ofTokyo. Group Members Inatomi Takamasa Port and Harbor Research Institute; Ministry of Transport. Ohmachi Tatsuo Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology. Kawashima Kazuhiko Public Works Research Institute; Ministry of Con struction. SatoTadanobu Disaster Prevention Research Institute; Kyoto Uni versity. Shiojiri Hiroo Central Research Institute of Electric Power Indus- try. TokiKenzo Disaster Prevention Research Institute; Kyoto Uni versity. Nishimura Akihiko Railway Technical Research Institute. Hamada Masanoii School of Marine Science and Technology; Tokai University. Watanabe Hiroyuki Department of Construction Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Saitama University. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN EDITORIAL BOARD AS ON MARCH 1989 Volume 2 Chief Editor Sato Tadanobu Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University Part 3 Authors: Ohno Tomonori Department of Civil Engineerin~ National Defense Academy Kameda Hiroyuki • Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University Kitahara Michihiro Department of Civil Engineering, Tohoku University Takemiya Hirokazu Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engi neering, Okayama University Nakamura Hideharu Central Research Institute of Electric Power Indus try, Abiko Research Laboratory Nishioka Takashi Institute of Engineering Mechanics, University Tsukuba Higashiwara Hiromichi Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo Miura Fusanori Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engi neering, Yamaguchi University Watanabe Hiroyuki Department of Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University Part 4 Authors: Isoyama Ryuji Civil Engineering Division, Japan Technological Development Co. Ltd.
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