Dual-Band Planar Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Arrays

178 Pages·2014·13.17 MB·English

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Dual-Band Planar Wide-Angle Scanning
Phased Arrays
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Dual-Band Planar Wide-Angle Scanning
Phased Arrays
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor
aan de Technische Universiteit Delft,
op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.ir. K.C.A.M. Luyben,
voorzitter van het College voor Promoties,
in het openbaar te verdedigen op 7 mei 2014 om 12:30 uur
door
Shenario Ezhil Valavan
Master of Science (Electrical Engineering)
geboren te Madras, India.
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Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor:
Prof. DSc. A. G. Yarovoy
Samenstelling promotiecomissie:
Rector Magnificus, voorzitter
Prof. DSc. A. G. Yarovoy, Technische Universiteit Delft, promotor
Prof. F. Le Chevalier, Technische Universiteit Delft
Prof. Ir. P. van Genderen, Technische Universiteit Delft
Prof. Dr. A. Neto, Technische Universiteit Delft
Prof. Ir. P. Hoogeboom, Technische Universiteit Delft
Prof. Dr. Ir. B. Smolders, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
Prof. Dr. Ir. G. Vandenbosch, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
ThisresearchwassupportedbySensorTechnologyAppliedinReconfigurablesystems
for sustainable Security (STARS) project.
ISBN: 978-94-6259-142-4
Dual-Band Planar Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Arrays
PhD Dissertation, Delft University of Technology.
Copyright (cid:2)c 2014, Shenario Ezhil Valavan.
Cover Design by Amudhan Ignatius.
Allrightsreserved. Nopartsofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedin
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording,
or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the author.
Author e-mail: [email protected]
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To Sathya and Josphine Amma ....
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CONTENTS vii
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview and motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 State-of-the-art review on frequency agile antenna arrays . . . 3
1.1.2 Research framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2 Research objectives and challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 Research approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Organisation of the thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2 Investigation of Scanning Performance of Dual-Band Patch Arrays 13
2.1 Research approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.1 Dual-band reference antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.2 Array modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 Results of the investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.1 Radiator dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.2 Substrate permittivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3 Dielectric-Contrast Technique 25
3.1 Dielectric-contrast technique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.1.1 Concept basis and multilayer substrate architecture . . . . . . 26
3.2 Application of the dielectric-contrast technique - Patch antenna arrays 28
3.2.1 Impact of position of high permittivity substrate . . . . . . . . 28
3.2.2 Impact of thickness of high permittivity substrate . . . . . . . 32
3.2.3 Modal characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.3 Mutual coupling reduction in arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3.1 S-band array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.3.2 X-band array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.4 Experimental verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
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3.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4 Dual-Band Wide-Scan Phased Arrays 45
4.1 Existing solutions and proposed concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.2 Comb-slot-loaded array antenna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.3 Dual-band antenna performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.3.1 Impact of design parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.3.2 Performance summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.4 Array analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.4.1 Infinite array optimisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.4.2 Finite arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.5 Concept demonstration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.5.1 Measurement set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.5.2 Linear arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.5.3 Planar array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.6 Symmetric comb-slot loaded patch antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5 Multi-Band Radar and Communications Antenna 79
5.1 Scope of the research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.2 Versatile low-profile multi-band antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.2.1 Crossed L-bar antenna concept and architecture . . . . . . . . 80
5.2.2 Functional characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.3 Array-capable dual-band antenna optimisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.4 Infinite array analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.5 Finite arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.5.1 Linear arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.5.2 Planar arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.6 Concept demonstration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.6.1 Measurement set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.6.2 Quad-band stand-alone patch antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.6.3 Linear arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5.6.4 Planar array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
6 Conclusions 107
6.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.2 Research contributions and novelty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.3 Recommendations for future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.4 Impact of the research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
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CONTENTS ix
A Analysis of Embedded Element Performance Variation Over the Ar-
ray Aperture 113
A.1 Cavity impact in infinite array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
A.2 Linear arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
A.3 Planar array. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
A.4 Experimental set-up for coupling measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
B Dual-BandPhasedArrayswithSymmetricComb-Slot-LoadedPatches119
B.1 Linear H-plane array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
B.2 Planar array. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
C Additional Results of the Crossed L-Bar Patch Antenna 125
C.1 Flexible resonance characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
C.2 Elliptically-polarised crossed L-bar patch antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
C.3 Performance variation in planar arrays of crossed L-bar patch antennas 128
D Dual-Band Arrays with Single L-Bar Patch Antennas 131
D.1 Dual-band single L-bar patch antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
D.2 Linear array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
D.3 Planar array. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Bibliography 137
Summary 147
Samenvatting 149
Author’s publications 151
Vita 155
Acknowledgements 157
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