DTIC ADA615262: Joint Force Quarterly. Issue 43, 4th Quarter 2006

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J O I N T F O R C E Q U A R T E R L Y Issue 43, 4th Quarter 2006
Published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by National Defense University
J
F
Q
25th Anniversary
Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Essay Contest
coming next in...
Reforming Pentagon
Lessons from the Decisionmaking
War on Terror
Interagency Dialogue
J Fingerprints and the
O
I
N War on Terror
U.S. Joint T
F
O
Forces Command R
C
E
Q
U
plus A
R
T
E
Forging Provincial R
L
Y
Reconstruction Teams
and more in issue 44,
1st Quarter 2007 of JFQ VALIDATTINAG TLHE
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Inside
Issue 43, 4th Quarter 2006
Editor Col Merrick E. Krause, USAF
Managing Editor Col David H. Gurney, USMC (Ret.) Departments
[email protected]
Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, PhD
2
From the Editor
Supervisory Editor George C. Maerz
Production Supervisor Martin J. Peters, Jr. 3
JFQ Dialogue
Senior Copy Editor Calvin B. Kelley
Book Review Editor Lisa M. Yambrick 33 Strategic Studies Note
Associate Editor Chaim Mandelbaum
93
Associate Editor Jennifer C. Veilleux Book Reviews
Interns Christin McElrath, Matthew Williams,
Joshua Peffley, Nikita Carpenter
JFQ Forum
Design R ebecca White, Maureen Nugent,
Amanda Drake
U.S. Government Printing Office Creative Services 6 Executive Summary: Validating the Total Force
8
NDU Press is the National Defense University’s An Interview with Thomas F. Hall, Assistant Secretary of Defense
cross-component, professional, military, and for Reserve Affairs
academic publishing house. It publishes books,
policy briefs, occasional papers, monographs, and 12 The National Guard: Transforming to an Operational Force
special reports on national security strategy, defense by H. Steven Blum
policy, national military strategy, regional security
affairs, and global strategic problems. NDU Press is 18
An Unrivaled Wingman: Air Force Reserve Vision
part of the Institute for National Strategic Studies, a
by John A. Bradley
policy research and strategic gaming organization.
26
Marine Forces Reserve in Transition by John W. Bergman
This is the authoritative, official U.S. Department
of Defense edition of JFQ. Any copyrighted portions 29 Volunteer Military Organizations: An Overlooked Asset
of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted
by Brent C. Bankus
without permission of the copyright proprietors. Joint
Force Quarterly should be acknowledged whenever
material is quoted from or based on its content.
Special Feature
COMMUNICATIONS
2006 CJCS Strategic Essay Contest Winners
Please visit NDU Press and Joint Force Quarterly
online at ndupress.ndu.edu for more on upcoming
issues, an electronic archive of JFQ articles, and 34 Retooling the Nationbuilding Strategy in Afghanistan
access to many other useful NDU Press publications. by Vincent M. Dreyer
Constructive comments and contributions
are important to us. Please direct editorial 40
Where the Streets Have No Names: Looking Past Operation Iraqi
communications to the link on the NDU Press Web
Freedom to Future Urban Operations by Stephen R. Dalzell
site or write to:
43
Editor, Joint Force Quarterly How We Might Build Better Coalitions: It’s as Simple as “A, A, A”
National Defense University Press by Nadja Y. West
300 Fifth Avenue
Fort Lesley J. McNair
Washington, DC 20319-5066
Telephone: [phone]/DSN 325
FAX: [phone]/DSN 325
Email: [email protected]
Photos above from left to right: International Security Assistance Force set for a mission (DOD/Al Lowery);
JFQ online: ndupress.ndu.edu
civilian affairs Soldier with Iraqi civilians (Fleet Combat Camera Group/Bart A. Bauer); Iraqi soldiers conduct
4th Quarter, October 2006 live fire training (1st Combat Camera Squadron /Ken Bergman); Saddam Hussein makes public appearance
ISSN 1070-0692 (AP/Wide World Photo).
A ProfessionAl MilitAry
And security JournAl
New Books from NDU Press
Battle-Wise:
Seeking Time-Information Superiority
in Networked Warfare
by David C. Gompert, Irving Lachow, and Justin Perkins
The United States is presently unrivalled in military power and is assured of remaining so for the foreseeable
future, thanks to its resources and the transformation of its forces based on networking principles. However,
as adversaries of various sorts and sizes also adopt those same principles and exploit increasingly available
and easily usable information technology, U.S. operational advantages and strategic equities could be eroded.
The unstoppable spread of information networking and know-how gives rise to the need for a new edge—one
that utilizes but transcends networks—by developing people, teams, and decisionmaking methods that convert
information into better choices and outcomes. We call this new edge battle-wisdom. —from the Preface
The authors pose and explore complex questions and problems, such as:
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192 pp.
n What are the respective cognitive contributions of reasoning and intuition in such situations,
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and how are they combined?
n What policies could improve the key cognitive abilities in military decisionmakers, the better to
exploit networked information and cope with complexity?
Policy Analysis in
National Security Affairs:

New Methods for a New Era
by Richard L. Kugler
The U.S. Government will continue to face many difficult decisions in the national security arena. System-
atic analysis can help improve the quality of these decisions—sometimes only marginally, but sometimes
hugely. . . . This book was written in the hope that it will result in better trained people, sounder analyses, and
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generation of young Americans is arriving that lacks such experience. The Cold War has passed into history
and an entirely new era has arrived that will demand analytical methods of its own. —from the Preface
Richard L. Kugler, one of the foremost practitioners of the critical art of national security policy
analysis, encapsulates more than three decades of his experience in this unique book. He virtually defines
the discipline, breaking down policy analysis into three major components—strategic evaluation, systems
analysis, and operations research—applying the latest methods of each to real world examples and the
637 pp. daunting issues facing the United States in today’s global environment.
ISBN 1–57906–070–6
Published for the Center for Technology and National Security Policy by National Defense University Press
Washington, DC: NDU Press, 2006
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office.
Purchase online at: bookstore.gpo.gov
J O I N T F O R C E Q U A R T E R L Y Issue 43, 4th Quarter 2006
Published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by National Defense University
J
F
Q
25th Anniversary
Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Essay Contest
coming next in...
Reforming Pentagon
Lessons from the Decisionmaking
War on Terror
Interagency Dialogue
J Fingerprints and the
O
I
N War on Terror
U.S. Joint T
F
O
Forces Command R
C
E
Q
U
plus A
R
T
E
Forging Provincial R
L
Y
Reconstruction Teams
and more in issue 44,
1st Quarter 2007 of JFQ VALIDATTINAG TLHE
o
T
E
C
R
o
F
IS
S
U
E
F
O
R
J o I N T F o R C E Q U A R T E R LY TY
-T
H
R
E
A Professional Military and Security Journal E
,4
Published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff TH
Q
by National Defense University Press UA
R
Institute for National Strategic Studies T
E
R
National Defense University, Washington, DC 2
0
1070-0692()43;1-Q 06
A P r o f e s s i o n A l M i l i t A r y A n d s e c u r i t y J o u r n A l
Inside
Issue 43, 4th Quarter 2006
Editor Col Merrick E. Krause, USAF
Managing Editor Col David H. Gurney, USMC (Ret.) Departments
[email protected]
Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, PhD
2
From the Editor
Supervisory Editor George C. Maerz
Production Supervisor Martin J. Peters, Jr. 3
JFQ Dialogue
Senior Copy Editor Calvin B. Kelley
Book Review Editor Lisa M. Yambrick 33 Strategic Studies Note
Associate Editor Chaim Mandelbaum
93
Associate Editor Jennifer C. Veilleux Book Reviews
Interns Christin McElrath, Matthew Williams,
Joshua Peffley, Nikita Carpenter
JFQ Forum
Design R ebecca White, Maureen Nugent,
Amanda Drake
U.S. Government Printing Office Creative Services 6 Executive Summary: Validating the Total Force
8
NDU Press is the National Defense University’s An Interview with Thomas F. Hall, Assistant Secretary of Defense
cross-component, professional, military, and for Reserve Affairs
academic publishing house. It publishes books,
policy briefs, occasional papers, monographs, and 12 The National Guard: Transforming to an Operational Force
special reports on national security strategy, defense by H. Steven Blum
policy, national military strategy, regional security
affairs, and global strategic problems. NDU Press is 18
An Unrivaled Wingman: Air Force Reserve Vision
part of the Institute for National Strategic Studies, a
by John A. Bradley
policy research and strategic gaming organization.
26
Marine Forces Reserve in Transition by John W. Bergman
This is the authoritative, official U.S. Department
of Defense edition of JFQ. Any copyrighted portions 29 Volunteer Military Organizations: An Overlooked Asset
of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted
by Brent C. Bankus
without permission of the copyright proprietors. Joint
Force Quarterly should be acknowledged whenever
material is quoted from or based on its content.
Special Feature
COMMUNICATIONS
2006 CJCS Strategic Essay Contest Winners
Please visit NDU Press and Joint Force Quarterly
online at ndupress.ndu.edu for more on upcoming
issues, an electronic archive of JFQ articles, and 34 Retooling the Nationbuilding Strategy in Afghanistan
access to many other useful NDU Press publications. by Vincent M. Dreyer
Constructive comments and contributions
are important to us. Please direct editorial 40
Where the Streets Have No Names: Looking Past Operation Iraqi
communications to the link on the NDU Press Web
Freedom to Future Urban Operations by Stephen R. Dalzell
site or write to:
43
Editor, Joint Force Quarterly How We Might Build Better Coalitions: It’s as Simple as “A, A, A”
National Defense University Press by Nadja Y. West
300 Fifth Avenue
Fort Lesley J. McNair
Washington, DC 20319-5066
Telephone: [phone]/DSN 325
FAX: [phone]/DSN 325
Email: [email protected]
Photos above from left to right: International Security Assistance Force set for a mission (DOD/Al Lowery);
JFQ online: ndupress.ndu.edu
civilian affairs Soldier with Iraqi civilians (Fleet Combat Camera Group/Bart A. Bauer); Iraqi soldiers conduct
4th Quarter, October 2006 live fire training (1st Combat Camera Squadron /Ken Bergman); Saddam Hussein makes public appearance
ISSN 1070-0692 (AP/Wide World Photo).
A ProfessionAl MilitAry
And security JournAl
PUBLISHER
Commentary Gen Peter Pace, USMC
EdItoR-In-CHIEf
44 Stephen J. Flanagan, PhD
The Problem of Common Terminology by Milan N. Vego
Director, Institute for National Strategic Studies
50 Future Approaches to the Economic Instrument of Power AdvISoRy CommIttEE
by Philip Y. Kao LtGen Frances C. Wilson, USMC National Defense University
BG David A. Armstrong, USA (Ret.) Office of the Chairman
54 The Case for Alliances by Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall Maj Gen John J. Catton, Jr., USAF The Joint Staff
A. Denis Clift Joint Military Intelligence College
RADM Patrick W. Dunne, USN Naval Postgraduate School
Maj Gen Robert J. Elder, Jr., USAF Air War College
Features
Col George E. Fleming, USMC Marine Corps War College
Brig Gen (S) Randal D. Fullhart, USAF Air Command and Staff College
60 MG David H. Huntoon, USA U.S. Army War College
Theater Civil Affairs Soldiers: A Force at Risk by William R. Florig
VADM Timothy J. Keating, USN The Joint Staff
64 Col Walter L. Niblock, USMC Marine Corps Command and Staff College
NATO Stability Teams: The Next Stage of Capability Development
Maj Gen Teresa M. Peterson, USAF National War College
by Anne M. Moisan and Jennifer D.P. Moroney
MG Kenneth J. Quinlan, Jr., USA Joint Forces Staff College
RADM Jacob L. Shuford, USN Naval War College
68
Reforming Pentagon Decisonmaking BG Volney J. Warner, USA U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
by Christopher J. Lamb and Irving Lachow
EdItoRIAL BoARd
72 New Thinking at USEUCOM: The Phase Zero Campaign Stephen J. Flanagan National Defense University
by Charles F. Wald Richard K. Betts Columbia University
Stephen D. Chiabotti School of Advanced Air and Space Studies
Eliot A. Cohen The Johns Hopkins University
Aaron L. Friedberg Princeton University
Interagency Dialogue
Alan L. Gropman Industrial College of the Armed Forces
Col David H. Gurney, USMC (Ret.) National Defense University
76 Fingerprints and the War on Terror by Paul J. Shannon Douglas N. Hime Naval War College
Mark H. Jacobsen Marine Corps Command and Staff College
83 Daniel T. Kuehl Information Resources Management College
No Leader Is Ever Off Stage: Behavioral Analysis of Leadership
Col Anne E. McGee, USAF Industrial College of the Armed Forces
by Brenda L. Connors
Thomas L. McNaugher The RAND Corporation
Kathleen Mahoney-Norris Air Command and Staff College
William H.J. Manthorpe, Jr. Joint Military Intelligence College
Recall John J. Mearsheimer The University of Chicago
LTG William E. Odom, USA (Ret.) Hudson Institute
Col Thomas C. Skillman, USAF Air War College
88
The Enduring Relevance of the Battle for Stalingrad by Brian Hanley COL Robert E. Smith, USA U.S. Army War College
Lt Gen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.)
The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied Col Gary West, USAF National War College
within are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views
of the Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. ContRIBUtIonS
Joint Force Quarterly welcomes submission of scholarly, independent
research from members of the Armed Forces, security policymakers
and shapers, defense analysts, academic specialists, and civilians from
About the covers the United States and abroad. Submit articles for consideration to the
address below or by email to [email protected] “Attention A&R Editor”
The front cover depicts Soldier patrolling near Mushahda, Iraq (Fleet Combat Camera, Pacific/Michael in the subject line. For further information see the guidelines on the
Larson); [bottom left to right] Air Force Reserve member participating in mass casualty Exercise Life NDU Press Web site at ndupress.ndu.edu.
Saver (U.S. Air Force/Matthew Hannen); Army Reserve Soldier talking with residents in Kirkuk, Iraq
Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National Defense University
(Fleet Combat Camera, Atlantic/Jeremy L. Wood); Naval Reservist trains aboard USS Crommelin (USNR
Press for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the
FFG–37 Reserve Detachment); Coastguardsman on maritime interdiction patrol in South Pacific (USC-
GC Galveston Island/Nathanael T. Miller); and Marine posting as lookout near Abu Ghraib, Iraq (1st Chairman’s flagship joint military and security studies journal
Marine Division Combat Camera/James J. Vooris). The back cover shows Soldiers clearing building in Al designed to inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and
Iskandariyah (U.S. Air Force/Kurt Gibbons III); joint tactical air controllers relay battle damage to anti- other partners on joint and integrated operations; national security
aircraft gun in Iraq (U.S. Air Force (Russell E. Cooley IV); Marines checking direction of gunfire in clash policy and strategy; efforts to combat terrorism; homeland security;
with Taliban insurgents, Operation Asbury Park (22d Marine Expeditionary Unit/Keith A. Milks); and and developments in training and joint professional military education
Navy boarding team conducting maritime interdiction in North Arabian Gulf (Fleet Combat Camera, to transform America’s military and security apparatus to meet
Atlantic/David C. Lloyd). tomorrow’s challenges better while protecting freedom today.
Download cover as wallpaper at ndupress.ndu.edu
ndupress.ndu.edu
From the Editor
A
lthough Joint Force Technically advanced aids to warfighting were designed for pro-
Quarterly attempts to fessional military volunteers, with many recently redesigned to defeat
advance the debate on amorphous and multinational post–Cold War threats. These advance-
timely and important ments create problems in training, proficiency, and system complexity
security issues, we realize that strategic for the Reservist. How to balance the Reserve Component’s role and
lessons are rarely new. Whether the how to increase predictability in order to retain skilled manpower are
subject is the war on terror, transforma- perplexing questions for leaders.
tion, or orchestrating multiple instru- Because of Joint Force Quarterly’s mandate from the Chairman
ments of national power in a world rife to present relevant and diverse debate on strategic security issues, this
with uncertainty and competing interests, themes typically remain the issue’s Forum deals with America’s Total Force, the combination of the
same. They all have deep historic roots, unseen and apparent. Active duty military and its Reserve Component, including the National
For example, America’s militias and Citizen Soldiers stand as icons Guard of each state and Service Reserve elements.
of American individualism and patriotism. Yet their use and preservation Joint Force Quarterly is also proud to present a Special Feature
are a conundrum for contemporary decisionmakers. showcasing the winning research from the 25th Annual Chairman of
Voluntary military service has been an unbroken tradition for cen- the Joint Chiefs of Staff Strategic Essay Contest. This is the second year
turies (though compulsories occasionally assisted the volunteers). The that National Defense University Press, with generous support by the
U.S. Reserve Component—the National Guard and Service Reserves— NDU Foundation, has published the winners in the journal. This year,
traces its lineage to the Massachusetts Militia of 1636. The New England to broaden the field, we expanded the competition to all intermediate,
Militia fought in the early battles of the American Revolution at Lexing- advanced, and senior Service and joint professional military education
ton and Concord, 2 months before Congress established the Continental schools, including international fellows and interagency students. Judges
Army in June 1775. The Constitution and Bill of Rights subsequently representing all schools met at National Defense University to select the
empowered militias with clauses that most Americans are familiar with, best from an outstanding group of finalists competing in three exciting
such as providing “for the common defense.” In 1792, the Militia Act categories of essays.
determined that men aged 18 to 45 years would serve in the compulsory This issue of JFQ also contains an expanded Interagency Dialogue
militia, but during the 19th century, volunteer militias composed the bulk section with an exceptional article by Supervisory Special Agent Paul J.
of the military. Shannon, Federal Bureau of Investigation, who is the Director for Law
In the 21st century, the United States again has an all-volunteer Enforcement Policy on the Homeland Security Council at the White
force. Individuals make the decision to serve through a personal cost- House. This cross-agency program is a useful example of interagency
benefit analysis: some alone, some with spousal input, and some with cooperation to share information where no pipeline for such sharing
parental approval. Active duty Servicemembers choose professional previously existed.
military service as a career or sign a contract for a term of service. The We hope you find the information in JFQ useful and timely, inter-
military then becomes their primary job for the tour of duty, which may esting and provocative. All articles are peer reviewed, though not refer-
last 3 years or more than 30. Reserve Component members, however, eed, to keep the content on the cutting edge, while presenting a broad
use a different calculus. range of research and educated opinion pieces; we do not homogenize
Reserve Component volunteers, like their Active duty counter- or censor legitimate analysis and discourse, believing the risk of sharing
parts, must also consider the effect of extended deployment not only information openly, in conduct of our mission, is less than the risk of
on their families but also on their businesses or civilian careers. Indeed, impeding it.
private sector companies bear war burdens beyond taxes. Some personal JFQ emphasizes scholarly research, carefully considered com-
businesses cannot survive extended deployments, particularly with late mentary, and interagency synergy, international senior leader crosstalk,
notification. and interviews. See our Web site for more research and added features.
In a more positive sense, some companies have elected to support Please drop us an email; we appreciate candid input and requests for
their employees in uniform by paying the difference between a lower specific subject matter and analysis. We would like to receive engaging
military stipend and regular civilian pay, and some extend medical and articles on military and diplomatic history, national security and strate-
other benefits to the families of those activated to serve full time in a gic studies, and innovative joint military operations research.
state of emergency. Although there may be little “new” in conflict and warfare,
Government leaders must gauge limited funds to achieve crucial security dilemmas, or human nature, there are always new ways to
political aims, a difficult problem due to the increasingly sophisticated examine and consider contemporary issues. JfQ
(and pricey) tools employed by the military instrument. The tradition
of grabbing a flintlock from above the fireplace bears no resemblance to Colonel Merrick E. Krause, USAF
modern reality. Today’s Minutemen must be proficient with night vision Director, National Defense University Press
goggles, body armor, advanced personal weapons, conveyances, and Editor, Joint Force Quarterly
communications systems; or they must be proficient at their station in [email protected]
space control, flying fighter aircraft, using precision weaponry, or com-
manding tanker jets.
 JfQ / issue 43, 4th quarter 2006 ndupress.ndu.edu
JFQ Dialogue
DEADLINE
Approaching
Open Letter to JFQ Readers
for JfQ Issue 45
Joint Force Quarterly receives and greatly benefits from a large volume of unsolicited manu-
scripts on a broad range of national security topics. Moreover, authors submit relevant articles to
the journal well in advance of these topics’ debut or recognition by the wider defense community.
Even when manuscripts focus on technical or specialized aspects of security research, JFQ can
usually find a way to incorporate the work and sometimes refers an author’s study to outside
institutes and centers, such as the Center for Technology and National Security Policy. The editors
not only desire that authors and research groups continue submitting the array of articles and
thoughtful critiques unfettered but also would like to solicit manuscripts on specific subject areas
in concert with future thematic focus.
The following are areas of interest to which JFQ expects to return frequently, with no sub-
mission deadline:
n orchestrating instruments of national power
n coalition operations
n employing the economic instrument of power
n future of naval power FEATURING:
n humanitarian assistance and disaster relief
U.S. European
n industry collaboration for national security
n integrated operations subsets (new partners, interoperability, and transformational
Command
approaches)
n joint air and space power
n Just War theory (including security issues  
n defending against surprise attack
in Africa)
n proliferation and weapons of mass destruction
n prosecuting the war on terror within sovereign countries
n military and diplomatic history AND
International
The following topics are tied to submission deadlines for specific upcoming issues:
Relations
December 1, 2006 (Issue 45, 2d quarter 2007): June 1, 2007 (Issue 47, 4th quarter 2007): and
U.S. European Command   U.S. Pacific Command
(including security issues in Africa) CJCS Essay Contest Winners Coalition
International Relations and Coalition Operations
September 1, 2007 (Issue 48, 1st quarter 2008): Operations
March 1, 2007 (Issue 46, 3d quarter 2007): The Long War
Intelligence and Technology Stability and Security Operations Update
U.S. Strategic Command
JFQ readers are commonly subject matter experts who can take an issue or debate to the
next level of application or utility. Quality manuscripts harbor the potential to save money and
Submissions Due by
lives. When framing your argument, please focus on the So what? question. That is, how does
your research, experience, or critical analysis improve the understanding or performance of the December 1
reader? Speak to implications from the operational to strategic level of influence and tailor the
message for an interagency readership without using acronyms or jargon. Also, write prose, not 2006
terse bullets. Even the most prosaic doctrinal debate can be interesting if presented with care! Visit
ndupress.ndu.edu to view our NDU Press Submission Guidelines. Share your professional insights
and improve national security.
Colonel David H. Gurney, USMC (Ret.) Visit ndupress.ndu.edu to view our
Managing Editor, Joint Force Quarterly Guide for Contributors. Share your profes-
[email protected] sional insights and improve national security.
ndupress.ndu.edu  issue 43, 4th quarter 2006 / JfQ 
Letter to the Editor
To the Editor—Recently, I had the honor the other side with only a few strokes of the participate in bilateral exercises and, as we
of speaking at the closing banquet for the 13th keyboard or a few minutes on a cell phone. reduce our forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, will
Pacific Area Special Operations Conference Terrorists spread their message to millions become available to help train partner nation
(PASOC), where 22 Asian and Pacific nations of people over the Internet in seconds. An al forces at their request. Over the next 6 years,
came together to discuss ways in which Qaeda propaganda video uploaded on a Web USSOCOM will grow by nearly 13,000 people,
they could collaborate to isolate, defeat, and site will be translated into several languages significantly improving the capacity to work
prevent the emergence of terrorism within and retransmitted to thousands of additional with and support partner nations. Theater
their region. sites for further distribution in less than 24 special operations commands have grown
U.S. Special Operations Forces hours. Their networks are fast and effective. substantially over the last 8 years, and we will
(SOF) have always valued In truth, their ability to disseminate continue to add the resources and positions
relationships with allies, information is faster than ours. necessary to help each region defeat terrorism.
but today, these relation- Terrorism is a difficult We will work alongside partner nation forces
ships are imperative. problem because it crosses all to win hearts and minds and eliminate threats
Speaking at the PASOC borders and boundaries—state, as we continue to strengthen our relationships.
conference, Maria Ressa, economic, political, and reli- Conferences such as PASOC are so important
the lead investigative gious. To defeat it, we need because they create the foundation upon
reporter for CNN Asia, to create a global counterter- which we can build our networks to defeat this
stressed that the United rorism network. Before this threat.
States is not a “lone network can be implemented, Last year we had the inaugural
hero” in this fight. Indeed, however, we must have a USSOCOM International Special Opera-
U.S. Special Operations common framework with the rela- tions Conference. Building on the success
Command (USSOCOM) clearly tionships and ties that allow us to work of PASOC, the conference brought together
understands the importance of coali- together. In The Counter Terrorism Puzzle special operations leaders from 59 countries,
tion partners in winning this global conflict for Decision Makers, author Boaz Ganor states all with the goal of building a world inhospi-
and is executing it shoulder-to-shoulder with that defining terrorism is one of the most diffi- table to terrorists. From this initiative, we have
its partners. cult problems we face in defeating it; not until started a regular series of meetings in Wash-
USSOCOM is leading the Department a consensus on the definition is reached will ington, DC, with the defense attachés from
of Defense (DOD) planning effort to defeat efforts to defeat terrorism become more effec- several nations to provide an ongoing discus-
terrorism and has developed a series of plans tive. Ms. Ressa also pointed out that “borders sion on terrorism. Efforts such as these at both
that synchronize the efforts of the geographic and nations cannot contain conflicts.” the global and regional level will encourage
combatant commanders with a global perspec- Terrorists use violence against civilians international cooperation and eliminate places
tive to ensure that there are no seams where to instill fear to accomplish their political where terrorists find sanctuary. These confer-
terrorists can find sanctuary. While we are goals, force change, and promote their objec- ences provide the basis for building the coun-
leading the DOD effort, we understand that tives. It appears that they are trying to “wea- terterrorist networks that will eventually defeat
it takes the skills that all nations can bring to ponize culture” against us, another idea put global terrorism.
the table. forward by Ms. Ressa. Many terrorists have On the wall of USSOCOM headquar-
We often refer to this battle as the war reached this level of action only after decades ters is a statement President George W. Bush
on terror. While not a war in the traditional of societies failing to check their radical ide- made when he visited. It reads, “SOF is the
sense, this designation has merit because it is ologies. Mr. Ganor points out that it will take a worst nightmare of America’s worst enemies.”
a global problem. Globalization has changed multigenerational effort to eliminate underly- I would add that the worst nightmare of
the world dramatically. The world is intercon- ing and eroding conditions that contribute to terrorist leaders is nations of like-minded
nected through instant communications. terrorism, to educate and inoculate our popu- people, building a world inhospitable to ter-
Corporations and financial institutions used lations against the undermining effects of ter- rorists—countries of different sizes, religions,
to be concrete buildings, but today they are rorism on society, and to eliminate the current politics, capabilities, and histories banding
electrons in databases that may be located threat. It will be a long battle, but it is wrong together and sharing skills, intelligence,
anywhere yet still function in real-time in any to characterize it as a “clash of civilizations.” resources, and tactics, techniques, and pro-
time zone. The most widely used language in This is really a battle for security, stability, and cedures to mutually support friendly, willing
the world is not Chinese, Spanish, or English. freedom for all nations. governments. The efforts of the countries
It is binary: ones and zeros used by computers. Working together, governments can represented in these international confer-
Thomas Friedman has estimated that there are establish counterterrorist networks covering ences are the keys to defeating terrorism. All
245,000 Indians answering support questions entire regions that identify, locate, and elimi- of us working together to destroy terrorism
that come from around the globe, 24 hours a nate transnational terrorist threats while at the and eliminate its underlying causes is really
day, 7 days a week—a situation possible only same time working to diminish the underlying the terrorists’ worst nightmare.
through globalization. conditions that lead to terrorism. The United
There is a dark side to globalization, States will do all it can to help while respecting —General Bryan D. “Doug” Brown, USA
however. Terrorists can now live on one side the rules of law and international sovereignty. Commander
of the globe and create catastrophic effects on Special Operations Forces will continue to U.S. Special Operations Command
 JfQ / issue 43, 4th quarter 2006 ndupress.ndu.edu