Table Of Content

Monopoly of Force C Monopoly of Force i v i c the nexus of ddr and ssr a n The Nexus of DDR and SSR d M “The complex operations that characterize modern conflict and our contemporary national i k security challenges require new procedures, such as whole-of-government approaches, lau ed Ited by Melanne a. CIvIC and MIChael MIklauCIC and new attitudes that lead to better collaboration, cooperation, and coordination. What c i c we cannot permit is the assumption that the end of war will take care of itself, and that [disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration] is somebody else’s problem. Whether or not the United States takes a leading role in a specific DDR environment, it needs to take the challenges of DDR very seriously, develop better understanding of its dynamics, and above all establish institutional knowledge of DDR and the end of wars so it will be better prepared for the surprises of the future. Monopoly of force is an important step in the right direction.” M —from the foreword by o n general James n. Mattis o p o Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) and Security Sector l y Reform (SSR) have emerged in recent years as promising though generally o poorly understood mechanisms for consolidating stability and reasserting state f F sovereignty after conflict. Despite the considerable experience acquired by the o international community, the critical interrelationship between DDR and SSR and r c the ability to use these mechanisms with consistent success remain less than e optimally developed. The chapters in this book reflect a diversity of field experience T h and research in DDR and SSR, which suggest that these are complex and e N interrelated systems, with underlying political attributes. Successful application of e x DDR and SSR requires the setting aside of preconceived assumptions or formulas, u s and should be viewed flexibly to restore to the state the monopoly of force. o f D Edited by Melanne A. Civic and Michael Miklaucic, with contributions from: D R a Josef Teboho Ansorge Sean McFate n d Nana Akua Antwi-Ansorge Anne-Tyler Morgan S Judith Asuni Jacqueline O’Neill S R Alan Bryden Courtney Rowe Véronique Dudouet Mark Sedra Jennifer M. Hazen Matthew T. Simpson Michelle Hughes Cornelis (Kees) Steenken Jacques Paul Klein Jarad Vary Mark Knight Adriaan Verheul G. Eugene Martin Eric Wiebelhaus-Brahm James N. Mattis Paul R. Williams InstItute for n atI onal s trategIC s tudIes natI onal d efense unIvers It y CENTER FOR COMPLEX OPERATIONS DIPLOMACY • DEFENSE • DEVELOPMENT Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2011 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-2011 to 00-00-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Monopoly of Force: The Nexus of DDR and SSR 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION National Defense University,Institute for National Strategic REPORT NUMBER Studies,Center for Complex Operations,Washington,DC,20319 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 337 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Monopoly of Force Monopoly of Force The Nexus of DDR and SSR Edited by Melanne A. Civic and Michael Miklaucic With a Foreword by General James N. Mattis, USMC Published for the Center for Complex Operations Institute for National Strategic Studies By National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. 2011 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Portions of this book may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source credit line is included. NDU Press would appreciate a courtesy copy of reprints or reviews. Cover image: Swords Into Plowshares © 2010 by Claire Giblin, all rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Monopoly of force : the nexus of DDR and SSR / edited by Melanne A. Civic and Michael Miklaucic. p. cm. 1. Nation-building. 2. Peace-building. 3. Disarmament. 4. Arms control. 5. Security sector. 6. Postwar reconstruction. I. Civic, Melanne A. II. Miklaucic, Michael. JZ6300.M66 2011 327.1’743--dc22 2011016519 NDU Press publications are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office. For ordering information, call (202) 512–1800 or write to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. For GPO publications on-line, access its Web site at: http://bookstore.gpo.gov. For current publications of the Institute for National Strategic Studies, consult the National Defense University Web site at: http://www.ndu.edu. Contents Foreword By James N. Mattis .............................................................ix Acknowledgments ...........................................................xiii Introduction The State and the Use of Force: Monopoly and Legitimacy By Melanne A. Civic and Michael Miklaucic ...................... xv Part I: The Politics of Disarmament and Security Sector Reform Chapter 1 Nonstate Armed Groups and the Politics of Postwar Security Governance By Véronique Dudouet ........................................................3 Chapter 2 The Relationship Between SSR and DDR: Impediments to Comprehensive Planning in Military Operations By Michelle Hughes...........................................................27 Chapter 3 Drafting in Doha: An Assessment of the Darfur Peace Process and Ceasefire Agreements By Paul R. Williams and Matthew T. Simpson .................... 41 v vi monopoly of force: the nexus of ddr and ssr Part II: Challenges of Reintegration Chapter 4 Military Integration and War Termination By Mark Knight ................................................................ 61 Chapter 5 Allies and Assets: Strengthening DDR and SSR Through Women’s Inclusion By Jacqueline O’Neill and Jarad Vary. ................................. 77 Chapter 6 Understanding “Reintegration” within Postconflict Peace-building: Making the Case for “Reinsertion” First and Better Linkages Thereafter By Jennifer M. Hazen ...................................................... 109 Chapter 7 The Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers By Courtney R. Rowe, Eric Wiebelhaus-Brahm, and Anne-Tyler Morgan ........................................................................... 129 Chapter 8 Consequences of the Forgotten (or Missing) R By Judith Burdin Asuni ................................................... 155 Part III: Managing DDR and SSR Programs Chapter 9 Action Amid Chaos: The Ground Truth Imperatives of DDRR and Security By Jacques Paul Klein and Melanne A. Civic. .................... 175 contents vii Chapter 10 Managing DDR and SSR Programs in the Philippines By G. Eugene Martin ....................................................... 183 Chapter 11 Managing DDR Risks in Sudan: A Field Perspective By Adriaan Verheul ......................................................... 193 Part IV: The Monopoly of Force Chapter 12 There’s a New Sheriff in Town: DDR–SSR and the Monopoly of Force By Sean McFate ............................................................... 213 Chapter 13 The DDR–SSR Nexus By Alan Bryden. .............................................................. 233 Chapter 14 Afghanistan and the DDR–SSR Nexus By Mark Sedra ................................................................ 249 Chapter 15 Monopoly, Legitimacy, Force: DDR–SSR Liberia By Josef Teboho Ansorge and Nana Akua Antwi-Ansorge....265 Appendix DDR and SSR Based on UN Integrated DDR Standards By Cornelis Steenken. ...................................................... 285 About the Contributors .................................................. 299