Table Of Content

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CONTRACT NUMBER Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies 2007 Annual Report 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies,2058 Maluhia REPORT NUMBER Road,Honolulu,HI,96815 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 23 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Table of Contents A Word from the Director The Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) is a U.S. Department of Defense academic institute that of- Aloha from APCSS! This report out- ficially opened Sept. 4, 1995, in Honolulu, Hawaii. The APCSS addresses regional and global security issues, inviting lines some of the major accomplish- One area of transformational prog- military and civilian representatives of the United States and 45 Asia-Pacific nations to its comprehensive program of ments during 2007 of this unique ress, never easy to make in learning executive education and conferences, both in Hawaii and throughout the Asia-Pacific region. center. It highlights the impacts of institutions, has involved moving shared learning and capacity building from an instructor-centric focus to Word from the Director ....................................................................3 at APCSS, both in Asia-Pacific se- a participant-centered focus. Both Asia-Pacific Center for Vision 2025 ...................................................................................4-5 curity practitioner leaders and in the teacher and student are critical to Security Studies Mission/Vision ..................................................................................6 institutions they influence at home the learning process, of course, but 2058 Maluhia Rd Goals and Objectives .........................................................................7 and throughout the region. We can outlined below is our evolving em- Honolulu, HI 96815 Contributing to Regional Security Capacity-building .......................8 report that we are accomplishing our phasis. Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Ed Smith Trend Analysis Program ..................................................................11 mission and clearly realizing the vi- Director, Director sion of the founders of APCSS. The Every course at APCSS is peri- Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Lt.Gen.(Ret.) Ed Smith Our Fellows/Our Alumni .................................................................12 APCSS experience is highly valued, odically updated for content cur- Enduring Links .....................................................................14 recognized throughout the region and rency to meet ongoing regional and Deputy Director Alumni Associations ............................................................15 world, and dynamically adaptive to global security challenges, as well Brig.Gen. (Ret.) Jim Hirai the world we live in and the chal- as revamped in terms of methods of ate-school mentoring resource, The Method ......................................................................................17 lenges we are addressing today and learning, from process to supporting vice undergraduate lecturer/proc- forecast ahead. means. Taking into account OSD tor). Foreign Policy Advisor Post-Course Impacts and USPACOM security-coopera- • Participants are the richest Amb. Charles B. Salmon, Jr. Senior Executive Course: Transnational Security Cooperation This report documents 2007 deeds tion objectives for the Asia-Pacific resource for each other’s learn- (SEC/TSC) .......................................................................20 but, more importantly, details how region, as well as real-world ongoing ing, experimenting with faculty- Dean, College of Security Executive Course: Advanced Security Cooperation we are meeting expectations of and anticipated Asia-Pacific security- provided knowledge frames of Studies (EC/ASC ...........................................................................22 APCSS among our various custom- challenges, APCSS has continued reference. Dr. Lee H. Endress Comprehensive Security Responses to Terrorism ers, constituencies and partners, from to offer new knowledge that opens • Participants are helped to self- (CSRT) ............................................................................24 OSD to USPACOM to regional U. S. minds but also enables the applica- assess and tailor self-learning Dean, Admissions Comprehensive Crisis Management: Preventing, and international officials, as well as tion of what is learned in practical accordingly. and Business Operations Preparing and Responding (CCM) .................................26 our program participants. ways needed by APCSS partici- • Participants orient knowledge Capt. (Ret.) Richard Sears Asia-Pacific Orientation Course (APOC) ............................28 pants. Said simply, knowledge gains gains to role-play, research and Building upon a comprehensive alone have never been enough. And exercise applications involving Events/Conferences Editors examination in 2005 and 2006 of expected of APCSS is a hands-on, real-life tasks at hand, vice un- Lt.Col. Ray Simpson Exercise Global Tempest ......................................................30 what APCSS was expected to ac- participant-centered learning process dergo a progression of curricular Mary Markovinovic Working Group on Trilateral Confidence and Security complish and contribute, 2007 has in all that we do. units alone. And, Denise McDonald Building Measures been a year of alignment of purpose, • Participants’ learning goal is a Managing Porous Border in Southeast Asia (Cambodia) focus, method and vision. We have The treatment of participants in commitment to professional Photographers Energy Security Cooperation (Japan) ...................................31 come a long way, as staff and faculty APCSS programs is as experienced contributions and accomplish- Stephanie Hika Democratic Transitions and Civil Military committed to sustaining and improv- life-long security practitioners, ments that matter in the region Mike Daniels Relations (Nepal) ..............................................................32 ing what we contribute have worked continuously adding knowledge, and world. Disaster Management Workshop (Nepal) diligently to transform systems to honing leader and teaming skills, and Democratic Governance & Security Reform .......................33 meet needs and expectations. 2007 expanding networks of valued and And, as reported by those involved Class Photos/Conference Art Outreach Partners .................................................................35 has been a year of refocusing, retool- trusted collaborators for the common in what we did in 2007, the model is Visual Information Branch ing and setting conditions for a new good. proving very successful. Ditto, what APCSS Faculty: Our Key Enablers ............................................36-37 level of “APCSS experience” value is unfolding within the supporting Cover Art: Dalton Nouchi “In the News” & Publications .........................................38-39 added. What we accomplished in In today’s APCSS participant-cen- infrastructure and staff at APCSS, as Visual Information Branch Brown Bag Guest Speaker Listing .......................................40 2007 has provided the foundation tered learning model: documented in this report. What lies for 2008 as a year of strengthening • Participants apply new knowl- ahead will only enrich the APCSS Visitors .............................................................................................41 ways, means and ends, using new edge to leader-skill growth and experience further. Thanks to all for Fact Sheet .........................................................................................42 and proven tools. practice (e.g., faculty as gradu- your loyal advocacy and support. Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Annual Report 007 Vision 2025 This new APCSS Vision requires a broadening of our current learning envi- “Sustaining, and Advancing, a Unique, Learning Experience” ronment in order to realize our potential fully. As APCSS develops its Five-Year “What is clear to me is that there is a to a forecast of future events,2 APCSS Some Asia-Pacific descriptors, follow: Plan, it has started to explore ways to need for a dramatic increase in spending believes that whereas no one can predict • Asia-Pacific region now has the 1st, expand educational models, emphasiz- on the civilian instruments of national the future, we can identify conditions as 2nd, 3rd, and 4th largest economies ing shared and adaptive environments. security…We must also focus our ener- “drivers” which influence trends. • For the past 40 years, has had the This will allow APCSS alumni not gies on the other elements of national fastest growing economies only to apply new knowledge, perspec- Likely “drivers” ahead impacting Secu- power that will be so crucial in the com- • Has 57% of the world’s population tives and skills among a wider network rity Practitioners are: ing years.” • Has 7 of the 10 largest militaries, and of colleagues, but also explore shared --Information overload -Secretary Robert M. Gates, • Includes rising security competitors4 approaches with a greater appreciation --Demographic challenges Manhattan, Kansas, for different cultural perspectives and November 26, 2007 --Socio-economic gaps Based on current research and policy priorities. --Cultural (identity) conflicts guidance, APCSS framed the following Annually, more than $1.2 trillion is spent --Critical resource competition way-ahead premise: globally on military expenditures, and Such a learning environment requires An APCSS Regional Counterparts Workshop shared ideas about how to better leverage --Shocks (natural and/or resulting from the United States accounts for one-half weapons of mass chaos or destruction) Today’s and tomorrow’s global challenges are APCSS to deepen its connections to fSuttuudriee sp a(Artunsetrrsahliiap)s, .A Pmicbtuarsesda adroer: GMeuoflfef hP Oetsemrsaonny, ooff tBhaen Cgelandteres hfo Irn Dsteitfuetnec oe fa Inndte Srntraattioegniacl of that amount. This translates into a of such magnitude that new types of global Alumni within a framework of capabil- --Climate change, and and Strategic Studies, Dr. Shanthie D’Souza of the Institute for Defence Studies and U.S. defense budget of $623 billion, --Impacts of pollution and waste, glob- institutions will be needed; these institutions ity to collaborate on action plans earlier Analyses (India); and Brigadier General Park Jong Wang of the Korea National Defense which is more than the next twenty na- not only will collaborate to solve these prob- considered to be too hard to undertake. University. ally (Chart A) lems but do so primarily through multilateral tions combined.1 However, as Secretary arrangements. 5 Based on this analysis, APCSS 2025 Vi- educational model and program would an environment of hard and soft-power Gates suggests, the amount of resources Further, such trends help us identify se- sion has been developed to continuously encourage and facilitate Alumni contri- competition, especially as projected over a country spends on its military does curity-related requirements. Uncertainty, This foundational premise became the identify and exploit unique opportunities butions to think-tanks. Essential to the the next decade. Needed is a broadened not necessarily guarantee the security however, is a regular “driver,” and there- basis for a draft “Vision Brief” that APC- that present themselves. Current APCSS success of this effort will be the addition funding apparatus that uses current gift or influence that is needed or desired. fore APCSS normally considers optimal SS continues to develop as it prepares its initiatives include: of a user-friendly, seamless IT infrastruc- authorities and seeks to identify and in- “Civilian instruments,” within the whole security strategies as opportunity-based, next Program Objective Memorandum ture, such as the Regional International tegrate other authorities that would allow of governments, and beyond, are equally vice problem-based. APCSS, in execut- and a Five-Year Plan. These documents -Develop an integrated, multilateral Outreach (RIO) portal, that can maintain Regional Centers to use funding sources if not more important to security as ing its mission, seeks opportunities that focus our planning efforts related to framework related to 21st century connectivity and collaboration with and not associated with DoD. This addition we proceed in this century. Secretary it believes will help influence more identified opportunities in order to ac- security challenges. If we consider among APCSS alumni and other (both appears appropriate, given that U.S. Gates’ remarks call for strengthening effective approaches to many of the most complish OSD and USPACOM objec- the Asia-Pacific region as a potential U.S. and international) regional center Regional Centers are broader in their our nation’s capacity to leverage “soft” pressing security issues that threaten the tives. APCSS intends to be: new center of gravity in world influ- alumni around the world. functional focus than defense alone. Ini- power and rely more on other elements region and the world. APCSS concurs ence, perhaps APCSS’ most important tiatives, as acceptable to OSD and other of national power to achieve national and that events and leaders in the Asia-Pa- “A key node within a global educational, contribution during the next planning -Develop education and information sponsors of the U.S. Regional Centers, global security goals. cific region will increasingly influence leader-development and information sharing cycle (POM 10-15) is to further enable technology that inspires collaboration should therefore be explored. developments in the rest of the world.3 consortium, all collaborating to advance a multilateral planning effort related to and enables consensus. Helping other His remarks also support the notion that strategic understanding, communications the interface between regional and global countries plan and prepare for the non- The best way to deter and defeat threats the global community faces unprecedent- and decision-making related to current and strategic thinking on obvious, and not so military threats that transcend borders detrimental to global welfare and order ed, interconnected and interdependent anticipated security environments” obvious, shared security challenges. The demonstrates a U.S. commitment to is to promote international collaboration change and transition within a shared goal would be to develop a collaborative, regional and global security-institution based on shared interests and values. security framework, particularly among integrated framework that encourages capacity building and lays the foundation APCSS continues to represent one political, economic, social and ecological and facilitates consideration of all ele- for the beginning of multilateral plural- unique and trusted capability for achiev- interfaces, regionally and globally. And, ments of international power in support ism vice bilateral arrangements that ing this kind of enduring objective, using whether we are examining pandemic pre- of multilateral objectives in the Asia- have typically framed, and sometimes methods for expanding institutional and paredness, impacts of global warming, Pacific and elsewhere. These activities limited, regional peace and security. leader capacities within the Asia-Pacific corruption in governance, non-tolerance would put a premium on strengthening The APCSS Trends Analysis Program region, and beyond, that remain actively for terrorism, or socio-economic condi- capable states, leaders, alliances, partner- (TAP) is focusing on integrating technol- embraced by participants. tions, approaches to addressing these ships and institutions in the Region and ogy-enhanced, geo-spatial planning and challenges remain key to potential solu- using the methods introduced at APCSS preparedness tools that allow participat- 1 Stockholm Peace Research Institute shows tions. Approaches will require facilitat- and throughout the Region via APCSS ing constituencies to anticipate complex global military expenditures at approximately $1.2 ing the further focused development of outreach activities. security challenges via more informed trillion. United States’ expenditures for 2008 are a collaborative international institutional and focused formats. estimated at approximately $623 billion. and leadership capacity, and willingness, -Enrich and enhance Alumni Pro- 2 Shock and Trends Brief from OSD; STRATFOR’s to addresses complex security-related grams to further contribute to region- -Diversify funding. Currently, U. S. 2015 Forecast 3 Smart Power Report from CISS, November, 2007. systems in governmental, business and al and global think-tanks. Recognizing Regional Centers are primarily, or to- 4 McKinsey Global Institute, IISS, London – An- civilian-society sectors. the fact that APCSS Alumni add unique tally, dependent on DoD resources. This nual Facts for Future Forecasts value within the Asia-Pacific region, funding model presents a basic challenge 5 APCSS Policy Guidance for Project Objective While there are many organizations ana- a continuing evolution in the APCSS in that, understandably, it exists within Memorandum, FY10-15 lyzing various trends that eventually lead Chart A2 Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Annual Report 007 Goals Mission Accomplishing the Mission Goals and Objectives Goal 1: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Executive education programs assessed as cutting edge and alumni partnerships viewed as unique value added Mission 1. Execute effective and efficient APCSS educates, connects, and empowers security practioners to programs, addressing security condi- advance Asia-Pacific security. tions and events, supporting OSD and PACOM strategic guidance. Vision 2. Conduct partnered outreach activities tailored to regional needs in formats Unique Asia-Pacific center setting the standard for international ex- that enable long-term action planning. ecutive education and leader/organizational development to enhance 3. Attract appropriate participants for multi-national security cooperation and capacity-building. all programs (eg, current and future • Venue of choice for security-cooperation education regional influencers). • Sought-after facilitator of security solutions 4. Conduct research and analysis programs on issues and themes that advance • Catalyst for leader and organizational capacity-building regional security cooperation. • Key node within information analysis and strategic understanding 5. Sustain systematic program devel- community opment which leverages assessments, • Connector of communities of expertise and influence metrics, and best practices. Fellows from ASC 07-2 work together during a conflict management exercise. 6. Optimize peer learning and network building, enabled by a multi-cultural atmosphere that breaks down communica- 3. Retain qualified personnel through tion barriers and promotes transparency, appropriate recognition, compensation, 4. Provide informational technology to mutual respect, and understanding. training, and professional-development enable effective business practices and 7. Build, sustain, and leverage alumni programs within a productive and satis- connect same to a global audience. relations, networks and organizations to fying work environment. 5. Prioritize information assurance. support life-long learning and advance 4. Recognize and encourage excellence security cooperation. and innovation within APCSS, systemi- Goal 4: 8. Assess on a recurring basis how well cally. Effective and efficient business these programs advance security coop- 5. Enhance internal and external team- practices eration in the Asia-Pacific region. (Are work, cooperation, collaboration, and 1. Provide supply and service process- we doing the right thing?) open communication. es that are effective and efficient. 9. Develop and implement assessments 6. Engrain efficiency and effectiveness 2. Comply with applicable higher that build on lessons learned, innova- within the APCSS organizational culture. authority directives, regulations and tive models, and best-learning practices. taskings. (Are we doing things the right way?) Goal 3: 3. Manage all resources (infrastructure, 10. Maintain a challenging learning State-of-the-art infrastructure and equipment, financial, and human) based environment that inspires enduring pro- equipment supporting all pro- upon Center priorities and in accordance fessional and personal relationships. grams with rules and regulations. 1. Provide and maintain facilities and 4. Conduct effective long-term plan- Goal 2: equipment appropriate to a standard-set- ning and programming. Professionally competent, highly ting executive education center. 5. Improve systems and processes in respected and innovative faculty 2. Plan and manage modernization accordance with proven management and staff members, and teams. of infrastructure and equipment within methodologies. 1. Civilian, military, and contractor appropriate timeframes, emphasizing 6. Promote, adhere to and enforce the manning requirements are assessed, environmental best practices. highest ethical standards. validated and filled approprately. 3. Provide educational technology sys- 2. Recruit and integrate highest quality tems and services that enrich the APCSS personnel tailored to mission require- learning environment Executive Course 07-1 ments. Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Annual Report 007 7 Contributing to Regional Security • ensure that operational plans at all levels are credible. Capacity-building Because APCSS programs continue to contribute positively to all the above By Bryan D. Greenstein policy objectives, both directly and indi- rectly, OSD and USPACOM recognize Through its broad suite of innovative al challenges give APCSS some strategic and use APCSS as a unique enabler in In 2006, the Deputy Commander executive education, outreach, and imperatives to focus its mission of edu- the broader effort to execute of U.S. Central Command, Vice research, the Asia-Pacific Center for Se- cating and developing leaders to advance DOD’s security strategy in the region. Admiral David Nichols, USN, curity Studies has earned a reputation for strategic communications and security traveled to Pakistan, a key ally in facilitating broad-based multilateral se- cooperation. As a DOD institution, Participant-centered Education the war on terror, for meetings with curity collaboration and executing DOD APCSS is uniquely postured to support As the cornerstone of the APCSS pro- the Directorate for Inter-Services and U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM) long-term and emergent policy objec- gram suite, executive education arguably Intelligence. Whatever apprehen- strategic policy objectives in the Asia- tives identified by OSD and USPACOM has had the greatest impact on building sion he may have had regarding Pacific region. by expanding the analysis of the security collaborative security capacity. Drawing his ability to tackle critical issues dimensions addressed and leveraging in- Admiral Timothy Keating, Commander of U.S. Pacific Command meets with military and civilian fellows working vanished when he discovered that The APCSS operating philosophy is novative, nontraditional approaches. The ASC07-2 Fellows. in various security related sectors, both his Pakistani counterpart, Major based on a rigorous process involving key is the focus on Asia-Pacific 21st-cen- governmental and nongovernmental per- General Muhammad Mustafa Khan, constant assessment, feedback, and con- tury leader development. to prepare security practitioners from sonnel from the Asia-Pacific region and the Director General for Analysis sultation with regional leaders, both U.S. the public and private sectors to deal This type of policy change gives greater beyond, the APCSS participant centered and Foreign Relations, was a friend and foreign, which is the driving force APCSS continually strives to tailor comprehensively with challenges across thrust to information-sharing and edu- learning approach and nonattribution and fellow alumnus of a course on behind the evolution of APCSS pro- courses and regional outreach events the stability-to-reconstruction spectrum. cational technology innovations already academic environment promote in-depth Transnational Security Cooperation grams. This assessment-driven approach in direct support of emergent security In August 2006, APCSS completed its under way that will more effectively examination and robust dialogue on ex- held at the Asia-Pacific Center for is helping forge an ever-expanding policy priorities. To support the war on first course iteration, graduating fel- network alumni and other collaborative isting and emerging security challenges Security Studies (APCSS) in 2001. multilateral community of interagency, terror, APCSS developed its Compre- lows representing military, constabulary, partners with APCSS and each other, common to all. An emphasis on trans- The meeting turned into not only a military, academic, and nongovernmen- hensive Security Responses to Terrorism diplomatic, academic, and humanitar- providing greater capacity for strategic parency and mutual respect provides a reunion, but also an occasion to ad- tal security influencers, all interactively course to foster a broader understanding ian professions spanning Asia-Pacific communication, predictive analysis, and proper foundation for relationship- build- vance a mutually beneficial agenda. connected by a network of networks, of terrorism, from roots to means and nations. The 4-week course is now one crisis response. ing that sticks. collaborating at all levels to solve the effects, and to share perspectives on best of the most sought-after in the APCSS region’s toughest security challenges. approaches and related collaborative A continuing cycle of assessment, adap- catalogue. Importantly, feedback from Attracting the right people to its courses requirements, for dealing with terrorism. tive planning, and execution ensures that the region clearly indicates that alumni continues to be a top priority for APCSS. Operating in direct support of the Since April 2004, eight iterations of the APCSS satisfies DOD and USPACOM are leveraging the knowledge and The process begins with a rigorous as- USPACOM Theater Security Coopera- course have built relationships among policy directives. Specifically, OSD The APCSS outreach model has relationships gained at the center to sessment of the demographics, skill sets, tion Plan, the APCSS enables relation- 395 fellows from 55 countries, the vast guidance directs the APCSS and other yielded significant results, most positive, practical effect. It was renamed and functional/ organizational affiliations ships with and among traditional allies majority of whom are counterterrorism regional centers to: recently in Cambodia and Nepal. in 2007 to the Comprehensive Crisis desired for an upcoming course. The and potential regional security partners practitioners directly engaged in the war • build institutional and security In Cambodia, APCSS conducted Management: Preventing, Preparing, and process continues with a close dialogue who give DOD, as well as interagency on terror. The center has also partnered capacity an outreach event in February Responding (see article page 27) between the center’s admissions branch constituents, unique returns on dollars with other regional organizations in ex- • counter ideological support for ter- and March 2007 entitled “Manag- and regional U.S. Embassies, which ing Porous Borders in Southeast invested. In the Asia-Pacific region, ecuting 13 terrorism-focused conferenc- APCSS and the other regional centers rorism coordinate with appropriate host-nation Asia.” Attended by representa- where relationships are foundational to es and numerous collaborative research also stand to benefit from recent DOD • harmonize views on common secu- government ministries or nongovern- tives from several countries in all progress, those forged at APCSS are projects, all designed to enhance regional strategic policy directives. For example, rity challenges mental organizations to identify and vet Southeast Asia as well as Aus- cost-effective, high-payoff enablers. As capacity for combating terrorism, from the DOD Information Sharing Strategy • educate officials on the role of secu- prospects. Fellows sought are mid- to tralia, Canada, the United States, an investment for the long term, they addressing its root causes to developing states: rity in civil societies. senior-level professionals who can best work and they stick. multilateral response mechanisms. and various nongovernmental benefit from the knowledge and skills It is imperative to effectively exchange At the combatant command level, organizations, the event fostered Additionally, APCSS responded in gained and the professional networks Strategic Imperatives information among components, Federal APCSS programs also complement and an improved understanding of November 2005 when the Secretary of developed, and who are now or are likely The comprehensive security environ- agencies, coalition partners, foreign support USPACOM’s effort to execute perspectives on border-control Defense identified security, stability, to be in key positions of influence in ment of the Asia-Pacific region could not governments, and international orga- its regional strategy. The command’s challenges and identified the next transition, and reconstruction operations their countries and able to work col- be more complex. It is characterized by nizations as a critical element of our major focus areas are to: steps required to enhance regional as a mission area of priority equal to tra- laboratively with the United States and traditional national sovereignty issues; efforts to defend the Nation and execute • prosecute and win the war on terror border security collaboration. ditional combat, a major policy decision regional counterparts. longstanding territorial disputes; rogue national strategy. . . The Strategy rep- • advance regional security coopera- reflected in DOD Directive 3000.05 and states; the threat of pandemic outbreak; resents the first step in a comprehensive tion and engagement the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review. APCSS designs courses that allow maxi- increasing competition for energy re- initiative to assess and modify as needed • mature our joint and combined Realizing the implications for the Asia- mum interaction between the fellows sources; and humanitarian crises result- existing policies, business processes, capabilities Pacific region, APCSS immediately and faculty. Tailored academic lectures, ing from terrorism, ethnic conflict, poor budget allocations, and cultural perspec- • posture for agile and responsive began to develop its Stability, Security, guided seminar discussions, and special governance, widening socioeconomic tives. (Department of Defense, Informa- employment gaps, and natural disasters. These region- Transition, and Reconstruction course tion Sharing Strategy, May 4, 2007) continued on next page Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Annual Report 007 In Nepal, the success of the APCSS Contributing to Regional Security Capacity-building Studies and their alumni. Not only Trends Analysis initial outreach event—which facili- is RIO expected to enhance APCSS (continued) tated a joint government, military, educational programs and enable con- police, major political party security- presentations by tinued alumni contact, but it will also sector reform analysis conducted high-profile senior give networked security practitioners a in September 2006—resulted in a military officers and way to respond to regional crises more follow-up requirement generated by policymakers expose proactively and collaboratively. In the the U.S. Ambassador to Nepal for a fellows to a diverse near future, APCSS will launch a new second five-workshop series address- set of regional se- Trends Analysis Program (TAP), an ing “Democratic Transitions and curity perspectives. initiative to harness, both physically Civil-Military Relations.” In May Fellows also ben- and virtually, the analytical capabilities 2007, APCSS and the Naval Post- efit from the APCSS of its faculty, scientists from the Pacific graduate School’s Center for Civil- library, computer Disaster Center, nongovernmental Military Relations partnered with the training lab, and organization coordination experts at the Nepal-based South Asia Center for other key support Center of Excellence for Humanitar- Policy Studies to conduct the first staff. ian Assistance and Disaster Relief, and Senior Fellows prepare a presentation as part of an event of the series, which focused on other agencies. (see page 11) exercise. “democratic control of the security Finally, no less im- deliverables needed to achieve intended forces.” The event culminated with a portant than the academic program itself next-step outcomes. Furthermore, the Finally, APCSS is expanding academic briefing to Nepal’s speaker of parlia- is a robust schedule of social activities, importance of APCSS outreach is ex- partnerships with counterpart insti- ment, by Nepali participants, on sports, and cultural events to allow panding, as each event further enables tutions around the region. Through recommended next steps for specific fellows to build lasting relationships. security collaboration, bringing together sharing ideas about best practices security sector reform. Feedback from alumni demonstrates participants from organizations that may related to learning models, exchanging subject matter expertise, collaborating how these relationships have paid big well have little to no interaction other- Trends Analysis Program kicks off at APCSS on research, and writing joint publica- FY07 Par- Countries dividends by enabling a more effective wise. In-Res. tici- tions, the APCSS team can better shape response to regional crises. Courses pants opportunities and lay the foundation In the wake of recent successful outreach In August 2007, APCSS set up a team to Geospatial Information System (GIS)- Asia-Pacific Orientation Course for enhanced academic interaction and Outreach events in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Japan, focus on trend analysis by using exper- based analytical tool to display compre- AP07-1 US only Built on the success of in-residence Nepal, and Pakistan, APCSS continues state-of-the-art leader development. By tise from APCSS as well as the Pacific hensive security factors, risk factors, and these means, more Asia-Pacific security AP07- education, APCSS outreach events are to receive requests for additional support Disaster Center (PDC). vulnerability assessments on a scalable practitioners and key influencers will AP07- 71 US only most often hands-on workshops intent from various U.S. and regional organi- map projection. benefit in individual and partnered at- Subtotal 10 on building practical capacity to address zations. This mission area is likely to The goal of the Trend Analysis Program tempts to resolve conflict and identify key security issues. Outreach events expand and, with appropriate resources, (TAP) is to serve as a catalyst for a com- A series of written products, in a format CSRT solutions to common security problems. do not just happen; they begin with a will continue to yield huge dividends in munity of experts interested in improved and schedule to be developed over CS0- 0 1 (US includes specific need identified by U.S. and building regional security capacity. understanding of disaster management the next two months, will be the third Guam) The mission of APCSS and the other foreign leaders in the region, most often (DM) and its relationship to governance method of information-sharing. These CS07-1 26 (US includes regional centers is more vital to secur- Guam) in face-to-face consultation with APCSS Innovations ing U.S. interests than ever before. and human security. TAP will contribute products may be written by the trends Subtotal executive leadership. Outreach events At APCSS, a focused transformation At a relatively low cost, the center’s to efforts designed to strengthen disaster analysis staff, other interested faculty, or can specifically address the security continues, with a comprehensive and resiliency, enhance human security, and collaborators. Executive Course programs are developing regional lead- needs of a particular country or focus continuous assessment driving the improve regional security. Our plan is ers who are networked and capable of EC0- 62 28 (US includes Am. more broadly on multilateral approaches overall effort. The most exciting changes a three-pronged approach consisting of These initiatives will build a community Samoa & Guam) working with the U.S.and other partners to common security concerns. Whatever are those under way in the areas of virtual and ‘real’ information-sharing of interest and action, and in doing this EC07-1 7 (US includes AS) to build multilateral security capac- the requirement, outreach events are education and supporting information and data visualization techniques. we hope to increase understanding of ity that is effective and lasting. To that Subtotal 10 meticulously designed and executed to technology. APCSS is currently upgrad- the social, economic, cultural and other end, the center continually strives to be JEC (final) generate constructive dialogue among ing its academic facilities with the latest The initial product is a collaborative intangible factors which affect societ- forward focused, Influential in the near JE07-1 security practitioners, policymakers, in wireless technology, electronic smart and long term, respected, connected, portal called the Asia Pacific Collab- ies’ disaster resilience. The increased political leaders, nongovernmental and boards, virtual collaboration and learning orative Security Consortium (APCSC) understanding will enable more useful Senior Executive Course and team-oriented. The net result of its international organizations, regional portals, and Web-based capabilities for portal (now operational at http://apcsc. and focused action to build capacity and SE0- 0 1 unique value-added effort is an Asia- think tanks, educators, and other inter- continuing education. apan-info.net/). Our goal is to provide a reduce the risk of regional shocks affect- Pacific region increasingly capable of SE07-1 24 (includes ASEAN) ested parties. The intent of outreach is high-performance, community-enhanc- ing all of us. dealing more effectively with strategic SE07- 22 0 to produce actionable outputs, often in Additionally, APCSS is already look- ing network that includes APCSS alumni security challenges through established Subtotal 66 the form of forward-thinking recom- ing at ways to promote and employ the and faculty, first-responders, decision- networks and collaborative mecha- SSTR/CCM mendations to key senior government Regional International Outreach (RIO) nisms. makers, and civilian and military disaster APCSC Portal officials. The APCSS key value-added enterprise system, currently in develop- response organizations. SS0- 0 1 http://apcsc.apan-info.net/ role is to facilitate participants’ genera- ment by the Defense Security Coopera- Exerpted from article written for Joint SS07-1 18 tion of ideas and to record the results. tion Agency, to connect APCSS with Forces Quarterly, Issue 47, 4th Qtr The second product of this collaboration, Subtotal 62 The participants themselves develop the other U.S. Regional Centers for Security 2007 created in partnership with the PDC, is a TOTAL 550 10 Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Annual Report 007 11 People APCSS Alumni Demographics apcss fellows and alumni The information age will push the strategy for the admissions department in attracting tomorrow’s participants. We  Our Fellows… must develop or use ideas to push the   envelope ensuring candidates from vari-   Selecting Those Who ous governmental and non-governmental   positions that APCSS is value added Will Effect Change   to the regional issues at hand. We will   continue to push for the expansion of   Selecting the right Fellows to truly the “who” we can fund as we see this as   provide comprehensive spectrum of can- a significant hindrance to the expansion   didates is an APCSS goal. We coordinate of our courses to International Organiza-   directly with U.S. embassies and key tions, Regional Organizations, Non-Gov-   host-nation officials for type and qual- ernmental and Private Organizations and   ity of participants to ensure we receive individuals that better estimates the face   the highest quality of Fellows from the and flavor of real world interactions in   broadest pool of security practitioners. the security realm necessary to face the   problems of today and tomorrow.   We remain very flexible from course to   course in determining our allocations   Our Alumni… based on current trends and priorities.   The Director’s proactive approach to   Creating Enduring visiting countries, organizations and   governmental agencies is having a direct Links   impact on our recruiting mission. This   visits often expand our nominees pool to   APCSS has developed a system of a new agency or non-governmental or-   Enduring Links which provide lifelong ganization we otherwise would not have   learning and networking opportunities had access or contact previously.   to advance cooperation and security   throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Access to our faculty is a major part of experience at APCSS. In addition to their Currents magazine, the public website, In 2007, ASEAN sent their first repre-   Alumni can take advantage of these the attraction for remaining connected potential influence on in-residence cours- the on-line library and the Trends Analy- senative to an APCSS. The Fellow pro-   capabilities using various tools to remain with APCSS; access to over 3,000 secu- es, alumni associations also enhance sis Program (see page 11). vided a new prespective of how ASEAN   connected with APCSS and each other. rity practitioners from across the globe is opportunities for Regional Educational   fits into the security cooperation in the Who are these alumni and what are some another. Outreach events in host-nations and help APCSS distributes a monthly elec-   region. APCSS alaso welcomed our first of the mechanisms used to keep them develop partnerships between APCSS tronic newsletter to all alumni with email   Fellows from Iraq and Afghanistan who To facilitate continuing networking, connectivity. The newsletter discusses connected? and regional education institutions.   attended our SSTR Course. we encourage the formation of associa- relevant security topics and informs Another advantage of associations is in   There are over 3,200 APCSS alumni tions. These associations not only bring serving as an enabler for disaster relief alumni about significant APCSS activi-   Our list of distinguished Alumni who go from over 50 countries around the world alumni together across the interagency efforts for natural disasters. For example, ties, including course and outreach event   on to fill positions of significant respon- ranging in rank from Lieutenant to Gen- realm within organizations of their own over the past several years, in response information, administration updates,   sibility in their country underscores the eral, third secretary to ambassador, and country, they also facilitate interna- to catastrophes caused by tsunamis, and incorporates security cooperation   value of APCSS is given by our regional administrator to Vice President. APCSS tional interaction and cooperation among earthquakes, mudslides and volcanoes, news stories from alumni, their personal   partner countries. maintains communication with these alumni from other countries. members of alumni associations have reports of promotions and career position   alumni through a network of personal facilitated relief efforts by reporting the changes.   We have implemented a strategy to and professional relationships and an Besides fostering interagency and inter- extent of damage and the specific nature   identify to our customer countries the electronic computer network. Supporting national cooperation, alumni associations of aid required. “Currents” magazine highlights Center   “tentative” courses and seat allocations the personal and professional relation- also have the potential to assist in select- news including faculty and staff visits   prior to the beginning of FY in order ships are the APCSS staff and faculty. ing future APCSS attendees by recom- In 2008, APCSS will host an Alumni to the region, faculty publications, guest   to give maximum time to seek the very mending possible participants to the speakers, and an outline and photos of Association Workshop that will focus on   best candidates. This is in addition to our the various courses and conferences that respective U.S. embassy and they also The Philippines APCSS Alumni As- how to expand our security cooperation   routine 90-120 day notification of exact APCSS conducted during the previous sociation has served as a sounding prepare selectees for courses by provid- network and activities.   seats and funding. This methodology semester. The magazine also showcases board for security issues at the high- ing lessons learned from their personal   gives opportunity to each country team the Center’s alumni, paying particular at- est levels of government. They share As a supplement to the personal and   to identify alternates and take full advan- open discussion on security issues/ professional relationships, APCSS has tention to those who have been promoted   tage of unused allocations from another articles in a special internet group and The Indonesia APSCSS Alumni As- developed various media to sustain   country enabling us to maintain close to have developed their own counter-ter- sociation has hosted its own security- connections: the monthly newsletter, the  100% occupancy. rorism seminar. related conference continued on next page Annual Report 007 1  Enduring Links Alumni (Continued) Associations and/or are contributing in some way to (as of 31 December 2007) security cooperation in the region. Bangladesh Bhutan Our APCSS public website site fea- Cambodia * tures course and event information and Canada schedules; registration information and Chile processing; Alumni highlights; faculty Fiji bios; publications; links to other DoD Guam and regional academic institutes; and, Indonesia U.S. Policy Links features links to the The newly chartered APCSS Alumni Association in Guam is supported by Gov- Rep. of Korea White House, DoD, DoS, and Interna- ernor Felix Camacho (center holding charter with Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Jim Hirai). Madagascar ** tional Policy site. Malaysia Also on the website is the APCSS Marshall Islands Library on-line. Among its most promi- Micronesia nent databases is the Military Education Mongolia Research Library Network (MERLN). Nepal It is a consortium of over 30 military Pakistan and academic libraries including APCSS Palau and it is designed to foster security Papua New Guinea cooperation and partnerships within the Peru international military education com- APCSS Alumni Association Philippines munity. MERLN provides access to Growth Russia *** unique resources for civilian and military Thailand scholars offering access to seven com- Vanuatu mercial databases. APCSS Alumni have Vietnam free access; otherwise a license fee, if United States (Hawaii & DC) purchased as an individual, costs about APCSS Alumni Association in Canada $60,000 per year. Pending Associations Brunei, Cook Islands, India, Maldives, The library also provides access to a host Sri Lanka, and Tonga. of other databases including the JANES Terrorism and Insurgency Center, Mili- tary Periscope, Columbia International * informal group Affairs On-line (CIAO), and Pro Quest ** Joint alumni association with the which allows access to thousands of on- Africa Center line journals and magazines. *** Joint alumni association with the Whether it’s the face-to-face contacts Marshall Center that continue to foster the personal and APCSS Alumni Association in Malaysia To contact an Association please professional relationships forged at APC- email: [email protected] SS or whether it’s the electronic links that help our alumni stay connected, both have proven to be highly valued Endur- ing Links and are vital to achieving the APCSS mission of advancing security throughout the region. The Thailand APCSS Alumni Associa- tion has hosted visits of dignitaries and other alumni. They have sponsored guest lecturers on security related topics, and have brought alumni together for security-related briefings and discussions. APCSS Faculty with alumni in Bangaladesh. The Mongolia APCSS Alumni Association has sponsored three of their own Palau APCSS Alumni Association security related-seminars/conferences. 14 Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Annual Report 007 1 Faculty  College of Security Studies  Educational Philosophy:   Underpinning the academic program is the presumption that learning is a life-long activity for participants and faculty alike. Fellows come to the Center  with significant national experience in applying security principles and have general educational and training background in their specific security fields  but less experience in multilateral cooperation. The broad range of activities      included in the academic program and the diversity of the participants requires an adaptive approach. Deepening the appreciation for cooperative approaches   to security issues in an atmosphere of trust, mutual respect, transparency, and   non-attribution is at the core of all the center’s educational activities.                APCSS is evolving from cognitive directed and responsible for • Participants orient knowledge learning models (efficient/effective knowledge and skill growth (fac- gains to role-play, research and information transfer)to affective ulty as graduate-school mentor- exercise applications of same to learning models (changing values, ing resource, vice undergraduate real-life tasks at hand, vice un- attitudes, beliefs and expectations). lecturer/proctor). dergo a progression of curricular units alone. And, • Participants are the richest re- In-Residence Executive Education source for each other’s learning, • Participants’ learning goals are Transformation. Every course at augmenting faculty-provided self-actualization and better APCSS is periodically updated for knowledge. professional contributions and content currency as is relevant to accomplishments, vice external • Participants self assess and tai- ongoing regional and global security pressure to test favorably and not lor learning accordingly, vice challenges, as well as revamped in fail academically. respond to external certification terms of methods of learning. Taking directives. into account OSD and USPACOM security-cooperation objectives for the Asia-Pacific region, real-world ongoing and anticipated Asia-Pacific security-challenges continue to help guide the participant-centered learning process in all courses. Most importantly, perhaps, is the treatment of participants as experienced life-long learners, vice interns, educationally. The evolving APCSS participant- centered learning model emphasizes: • Participants are less dependent on the instructor; more-self 16 Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Annual Report 007 17