DTIC ADA467330: Landfill Remediation Feasibility Study, Devens, Massachusetts. Volume 1. Text, Figures, and Tables

372 Pages·163.4 MB·English

by  Defense Technical Information Center

LANDFILL REMEDIATION
FEASIBILITY STUDY
DEVENS, MASSACHUSETTS
VOLUME I OF H
TEXT, FIGURES AND TABLES
CONTRACT DACA31-94-D-0061
TASK ORDER 0002
U.S. ARMY ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER
ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,
MARYLAND
JANUARY 1997
PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
DiSTf;: FM=NTA
Appu', -'ease
AEC Form 45, 1 Feb 93 replaces THAMA Form 45 which is obsolete.
LANDFJLIU ljTkoN
FEASBMI3 S
CONTRACT DACA3 1944D-:006 i
TASK ORDE_4t.
SMICHAEL
A.
DOARNEtLY
.,1 20335
MOAL
Michael A. Donne, P.I.
Preparedfor:
U.S. Army Environmental Center
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
Preparedb y:
ABB Environmental Services, Inc.
Portland, Maine
8712-04
JANUARY 1997
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited
I LANDFILL REMEDIATION FEASIBILITY STUDY
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3
4
5
Section Title Page No.
6
7
EXE CUTIV E SUM M ARY ....................................................................................... ES-1
8
1.0 IN TR O D U C TI O N ................................................................................................. 1-1
9
10 1.1 Devens Reserve Forces Training Area Background ......................... 1-2
11 1.2 STATUS OF LANDFILLS AT FORT DEVENS ......................................................... 1-3
12 1.3 PREvious DOCUMENTS ADDRESSING DEBRIS AREA MANAGEMENT ................. 1-4
13 1.4 PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION OF REPORT ....................................................... 1-5
2.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE DISPOSAL SITES .................................... 2-1
14
2.1 STUDY AREA 6 (GROUP 10) ............................................. . ...........2-2
15
2.2 AREA OF CONTAMINATION 9 (GROUP 5) ........................................................ 2-3
16
2.3 AREA OF CONTAMINATION 11 (GROUP 9) ........................................................ 2-7
17
2.4 STUDY AREA 12 (GROUP 7) ............................................................................ 2-9
18
2.5 STUDY AREA 13 (G ROUP 2) .......................................................................... 2-11
19
2.6 AREA OF CONTAMINATION 40 (GROUP I A) ................................................... 2-14
20
2.7 AREA OF CONTAMINATION 41 (GROUP IB) ................................................... 2-18
21
3.0 RISK ASSESSMENT SUMMARIES .................................................................... 3-1
22
3.1 SUMMARY OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTS ......................................... 3-1
23
3.1.1 Stu dy A rea 6 ......................................................................................... 3-1
24
3.1.2 A rea of C ontam ination 9 ....................................................................... 3-1
25
3.1.3 A rea of C ontam ination 11 ..................................................................... 3-4
26
3.1.4 Study Ar ea 12 ....................................................................................... 3-6
27
3.1.5 Study Ar ea 13 ....................................................................................... 3-8
28
3.1.6 A rea of Contam ination 40 ................................................................... 3-10
29
3.1.7 A rea of Contam ination 41 ................................................................... 3-12
30
3.2 SUMMARY OF ECOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS AND RISK ASSESSMENTS .............. 3-14
31
3 .2 .1 Stu dy Ar ea 6 ....................................................................................... 3-15
32
3.2.2 Area of C ontam ination 9 ..................................................................... 3-15
33
3.2.3 Area of Contamination 11 .................................... 3-16
34
3 .2 .4 Study Ar ea 12 ..................................................................................... 3-18
35
3 .2 .5 Study Ar ea 13 ..................................................................................... 3-19
36
3.2.6 A rea of Contamination 40 ................................................................... 3-21
37
38 3.2.7 Area of Contam ination 41 ................................................................... 3-23
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FEASIBILITY STUDY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Section Title Page No.
1 4.0 ASSESSMENT OF APPLICABLE OR RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATE
2 R E Q U IEM [ ENT S .......................................................................................... 4-1
3 4.1 TERM S AND D EFINITIONS ................................................................................ 4-1
4 4.2 LOCATION-SPECwFIC ARA R s ........................................................................... 4-5
5 4.3 CHEM ICAL-SPECIFIC ARA Rs ........................................................................... 4-7
6 4.4 AcTION-sPECIFIC ARA R s ............................................................................... 4-9
7 5.0 B A SIS FOR REM ED IA TION ............................................................................... 5-1
8 6.0 TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING .................................... 6-1
9 6.1 TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFICATION ......................................................... . . ........ 6-1
10 6.2 TECHNOLOGY SCREENING ............................................................................... 6-1
i1 7.0 DEVELOPMENT AND SCREENING OF ALTERNATIVES .............................. 7-1
12 7.1 DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES FOR LANDFILL REMEDIATION ...................... 7-3
13 7.1.1 Alternative PA-I: Cap-in-Place AOCs 9, 11, 40, 41 Excavate/Dispose Off-
14 site S As 6, 12 , 13 .................................................................................. 7-3
15 7.1.2 Alternative PA-2: Excavate/Consolidate AOCs 9, 11, 40, 41, and SAs 6,
16 12, 13 near Shepley's H ill ...................................................................... 7-4
17 7.1.3 Alternative PA-3: Excavate/Consolidate AOCs 9, 40, 41, and SAs 6, 12, 13
18 at the North Post Landfill, and Cap-in-Place AOC 11 ............................ 7-4
19 7.1.4 Alternative PA-4: Excavate/Consolidate AOCs 9, 11, 40, 41, and SAs 6,
20 12, 13 at the N orth Post Landfill ............................................................ 7-4
21 7.1.5 Alternative PA-5: Excavate/Consolidate AOCS 40, 41, and SAs 6, 12, and
22 13 near Shepley's Hill, and Cap-in-Place AOCs 9 and 11 ....................... 7-5
23 7.1.6 Alternative PA-6: Excavation/Consolidation AOCs 9, 11, 41 and SAs 6,
24 12, and 13 near Shepley's Hill, and Cap-in-Place AOC 40 ..................... 7-5
25 7.1.7 Alternative 1: N o Further Action ............................................................ 7-6
26 7.1.8 Alternative 2: No Further Action at AOC 41, and SAs 6, 12, and 13;
27 Limited Removal at AOC 11 (Disposal at AOC 9), and Cap-in-Place at
28 AO C s 9 and 40 ...................................................................................... 7-6
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Section Title Page No.
1 7.1.9 Alternative 3: No Further Action at AOC 41 and SAs 6, 12, and 13; and
2 Cap-in-Place at AOCs 9, 11, and 40 ...................................................... 7-6
3 7.1.10 Alternative 4: No Further Action at AOC 41 and SAs 6, 12, and 13;
4 Limited Removal at AOC 11 (Disposal in Consolidation Landfill); and
5 Excavation and Consolidation AOCs 9 and 40 ....................................... 7-7
6 7.1.11 Alternative 5: Limited Removal at AOC 11 (Disposal in Consolidation
7 Landfill); and Cap-in-Place at AOC 41 and SAs 6, 12, and 13; and
8 Excavation and Consolidation of AOCs 9 and 40 ................................... 7-7
9 7.1.12 Alternative 6: Cap-in-Place at AOC 41 and SAs 6, 12, and 13; and
10 Excavation and Consolidation of AOCs 9, 11, and 40 ............................ 7-8
11 7.1.13 Alternative 7: Cap-in-Place at All Seven Disposal Areas ...................... 7-8
12 7.1.14 Alternative 8: Limited Removal at AOC 11 (Disposal in Consolidation
13 Landfill); and Excavation and Consolidation of AOCs 9, 40, and 41, and
14 SA s 6, 12, and 13 .................................................................................. 7-8
15 7.1.15 Alternative 9: Excavation and Consolidation of All Seven Disposal Areas9
16 7.2 SCREENING OF ALTERNATIVES FOR THE CONSOLIDATION LANDFILL .................. 7-9
17 7.2.1 Alternative PA-I: Cap-in-Place AOCs 9, 11, 40, and 41, and
18 Excavate/Dispose Off-Site SAs 6, 12, 13 ............................................... 7-9
19 7.2.2 Alternative PA-2: Excavate/Consolidate AOCs 9, 11, 40, and 41, and SAs
20 6, 12, 13 near Shepley's Hi ll ................................................................ 7-10
21 7.2.3 Alternative PA-3: Excavate/Consolidate AOCs 9, 40, and 41 and SAs 6,
22 12, and 13 at North Post Landfill; Cap-in-Place AOC 11 ..................... 7-10
23 7.2.4 Alternative PA-4: Excavate/Consolidate AOCs 9, 11, 40, and 41 and SAs
24 6, 12, and 13 at N orth Post Landfill ..................................................... 7-12
25 7.2.5 Alternative PA-5: Excavate/Consolidate AOCs 40 and 41 and SAs 6, 12,
26 and 13 near Shepleys Hill, Cap-in-Place AOCs 9 and 11 ..................... 13
27 7.2.6 Alternative PA-6: Excavate/Consolidate AOCs 9, 11, 41 and SAs 6, 12, 13
28 near Shepley's Hill, Cap-in-Place AOC 40 ........................................... 7-14
29 7.2.7 Alternative 1: N o Further Action ......................................................... 7-15
30 7.2.8 Alternative 2: No Further Action at AOC 41, and SAs 6, 12, and 13; and
31 Limited Removal at AOC 11 (Disposal at AOC 9); and Cap-in-Place at
32 AO C s 9 an d 40 .................................................................................... 7-15
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(continued)
Section Title Page No.
1 7.2.9 Alternative 3: No Further Action at AOC 41 and SAs 6, 12, and 13; and
2 Cap-in-Place at AOCs 9, 11, and 40 .................................................... 7-17
3 7.2.10 Alternative 4: No Further Action at AOC 41 and SAs 6, 12, and 13, and
4 Limited Removal at AOC 11 (Disposal in Consolidation Landfill); and
5 Excavation and Consolidation of AOCs 9 and 40 ................................. 7-18
6 7.2.11 Alternative 5: Limited Removal at AOC 11 (Disposal in Consolidation
7 Landfill); and Cap-in-Place at AOC 41 and SAs 6, 12, and 13; and
8 Excavation and Consolidation AOCs 9 and 40 ..................................... 7-19
9 7.2.12 Alternative 6: Cap-in-Place at AOC 41 and SAs 6, 12, and 13; and
10 Excavation and Consolidation of AOCs 9, 11, and 40 .......................... 7-21
11 7.2.13 Alternative 7: Cap-in-Place at All Seven Disposal Areas .................... 7-22
12 7.2.14 Alternative 8: Limited removal at AOC 11 (Disposal in Consolidation
13 Landfill); and Excavation and Consolidation of AOCs 9, 40, and 41, and
14 SAs 6, 12, and 13 ................................................................................ 7-23
15 7.2.15 Alternative 9: Excavation and Consolidation of
16 Al l Seven D isposal Ar eas ..................................................................... 7-24
17 8.0 DE TAI LED A NA LY SIS ....................................................................................... 8-1
18 8.1 ALTERNATIVE 1: No FURTHER ACTION ..................................................... 8-2
19 8.1.1 D escription of Al ternative 1 .................................................................. 8-2
20 8.1.2 Detailed Evaluation of Alternative I ...................................................... 8-2
21 8.1.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment ........ 8-2
22 8.1.2.2 Com pliance with ARARs .......................................................... 8-3
23 8.1.2.3 Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence ................................. 8-5
24 8.1.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume
25 Through Treatm ent ................................................................ 8-6
26 8.1.2.5 Short-term Effectiveness ........................................................... 8-6
27 8.1.2.6 Im plem entability ....................................................................... 8-6
28 8 .1.2 .7 C o st .......................................................................................... 8-7
29 8.2 ALTERNATIVE 2: NO FURTHER ACTION AT AOC 41, AND SAs 6, 12, AND 13;
30 LIMrTED REMOVAL AT AOC 11 (DISPOSAL AT AOC 9); AND CAP-IN-PLACE AT
31 A O C s 9 A ND 40 ............................................................................................. 8-7
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Section Title Page No.
1 8.2.1 D escription of Alternative 2 .................................................................. 8-7
2 8.2.1.1 Description of No Further Action Components for
3 A lternative 2 ............................................................................. 8-8
4 8.2.1.2 Description of Limited Removal Components for
5 Al tern ative 2 ............................................................................. 8-8
6 8.2.1.3 Description of Cap-In-Place Components for Alternative 2 ....... 8-9
7 8.2.2 Detailed Evaluation of Alternative 2 .................................................... 8-20
8 8.2.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment ...... 8-21
9 8.2.2.2 Compliance with ARARs ........................................................ 8-22
10 8.2.2.3 Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence ............................... 8-22
11 8.2.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume
12 Through Treatm ent ................................................................ 8-24
13 8.2.2.5 Short-term Effectiveness ......................................................... 8-25
14 8.2.2.6 Im plem entability ..................................................................... 8-28
15 8 .2 .2 .7 C o st ........................................................................................ 8-3 1
16 8.3 ALTERNATIVE 3: NO FURTHER ACTION AT AOC 41, AND SAs 6, 12, AND 13; AND
17 CAP-IN-PLACE AT AOCs 9, 11, AND 40 ......................................................... 8-31
18 8.3.1 D escription of Alternative 3 ................................................................ 8-32
19 8.3.1.1 Description of No Further Action Components for
20 A ltern ative 3 ............................................................................ 8-33
21 8.3.1.2 Description of Cap-In-Place Components for Alternative 3 ..... 8-33
22 8.3.2 Detailed Evaluation of Alternative 3 ......................................... :. ......... 8-34
23 8.3.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment ...... 8-34
24 8.3.2.2 Compliance with ARARs ........................................................ 8-35
25 8.3.2.3 Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence ............................... 8-35
26 8.3.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume
27 Through Treatm ent ................................................................ 8-36
28 8.3.2.5 Short-term Effectiveness ......................................................... 8-37
29 8.3.2.6 Im plem entability ..................................................................... 8-38
30 8 .3 .2 .7 C o st ........................................................................................ 8-39
31 8.4 ALTERNATIVE 4: NO FURTHER ACTION AT AOC 41, AND SAs 6, 12, AND 13;
32 LIMITED REMOVAL AT AOC 11 (DIsPosAL IN CONSOLIDATION LANDFILL); AND
33 EXCAVATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF AOCs 9 AND 40 ................................ 8-40
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Section Title Page No.
1 8.4.1 D escription of Alternative 4 ................................................................ 8-40
2 8.4.1.1 Description of No Further Action Components for
3 A lternative 4 ........................................................................... 8-4 1
4 8.4.1.2 Description of Limited Removal Components for
5 Al ternative 4 ........................................................................... 8-4 1
6 8.4.1.3 Description of Excavate and Consolidate AOC 9 and AOC 40
7 Components for Alternative 4 ................................................. 8-42
8 8.4.2 Detailed Evaluation of Alternative 4 .................................................... 8-45
9 8.4.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment ...... 8-46
10 8.4.2.2 Compliance with ARARs ........................................................ 8-47
11 8.4.2.3 Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence ............................... 8-47
12 8.4.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume
13 Through Treatm ent ................................................................ 8-48
14 8.4.2.5 Short-term Effectiveness ......................................................... 8-49
15 8.4.2.6 Im plem entability ..................................................................... 8-51
16 8 .4 .2 .7 C o st ........................................................................................ 8-53
17 8.5 ALTERNATIVE 5: LIMITED REMOVAL AT AOC 11 (DISPOSAL IN CONSOLIDATION
is LANDFILL); CAP-IN-PLACE AT AOC 41 AND SAS 6, 12, AND 13; AND
19 EXCAVATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF AOCs 9 AND 40 ................................ 8-54
20 8.5.1 D escription ......................................................................................... 8-54
21 8.5.1.1 Description of Limited Removal Components for
22 Al tern ative 5 ........................................................................... 8-55
23 8.5.1.2 Description of Cap-In-Place Components for Alternative 5 ..... 8-56
24 8.5.1.3 Description of Excavate and Consolidate AOC 9 and AOC 40
25 Components for Alternative 5 ................................................. 8-57
26 8.5.2 Detailed Evaluation of Alternative 5 .................................................... 8-58
27 8.5.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment ...... 8-58
28 8.5.2.2 Compliance with ARARs ........................................................ 8-59
29 8.5.2.3 Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence ............................... 8-60
30 8.5.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume
31 Through Treatm ent ................................................................ 8-61
32 8.5.2.5 Short-term Effectiveness ......................................................... 8-62
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Section Title Page No.
1 8.5.2.6 Im plem entability ..................................................................... 8-64
2 8 .5 .2 .7 C o st ........................................................................................ 8 -6 7
3 8.6 ALTERNATIVE 6: CAP-IN-PLACE AT AOC 41 AND SAS 6, 12, AND 13; AND
4 EXCAVATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF AOCs 9, 11, AND 40 ........................ 8-67
5 8.6.1 D escription of Al ternative 6 ................................................................ 8-67
6 8.6.1.2 Description of Cap-In-Place Components for Alternative 6 ..... 8-69
7 8.6.1.3 Description of Excavate and Consolidate AOCs 9, 11 and AOC 40
8 Components for Alternative 6 ................................................. 8-70
9 8.6.2 Detailed Evaluation of Alternative 6 .................................................... 8-71
10 8.6.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment ...... 8-71
11 8.6.2.2 Compliance with ARARs ........................................................ 8-72
12 8.6.2.3 Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence ............................... 8-72
13 8.6.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume
14 Through Treatm ent ................................................................ 8-73
15 8.6.2.5 Short-term Effectiveness ......................................................... 8-74
16 8.6.2.6 Im plem entability .................................................................... 8-75
17 8 .6 .2 .7 C o st ....................................................................................... 8-76
18 8.7 ALTERNATIVE 7: CAP-IN-PLACE ALL SEVEN DISPOSAL AREAS ....................... 8-77
19 8.7.1 D escription ........................................................................................ 8-77
20 8.7.1.1 Description of Cap-In-Place Components for Alternative 7 .... 8-78
21 8.7.2 Detailed Evaluation of Alternative 7 ................................................... 8-79
22 8.7.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment ..... 8-79
23 8.7.2.2 Compliance with ARARs ....................................................... 8-80
24 8.7.2.3 Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence .............................. 8-80
25 8.7.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume
26 Through Treatm ent ................................................................ 8-81
27 8.7.2.5 Short-term Effectiveness ......................................................... 8-82
28 8.7.2.6 Im plem entability ..................................................................... 8-83
29 8 .7 .2 .7 C o st ........................................................................................ 8-83
30 8.8 ALTERNATIVE 8: LIMITED REMOVAL AT AOC 11 (DISPOSAL IN CONSOLIDATION
31 LANDFILL); AND EXCAVATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF AOCs 9, 40, AND 41,
32 AN D SA S 6, 12, AND 13 ................................................................................ 8-84
8.8.1 D escription O f Alternative 8 ............................................................... 8-84
33
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Section Title Page No.
1 8.8.1.1 Description of Limited Removal Components for
2 A lternative 8 ........................................................................... 8-86
3 8.8.1.2 Description of Excavation and Consolidation Components for
4 A ltern ative 8 ........................................................................... 8-86
5 8.8.2 Detailed Evaluation of Alternative 8 .................................................... 8-87
6 8.8.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment ...... 8-87
7 8.8.2.2 Com pliance with ARARs ........................................................ 8-89
8 8.8.2.3 Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence ............................... 8-89
9 8.8.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume
10 Through Treatm ent ................................................................ 8-90
11 8.8.2.5 Short-term Effectiveness ......................................................... 8-91
12 8.8.2.6 Im plem entability ..................................................................... 8-93
13 8 .8 .2 .7 C o st ........................................................................................ 8-96
14 8.9 ALTERNATIVE 9: EXCAVATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF ALL SEVEN SITES .... 8-97
15 8.9.1 D escription O f Alternative 9 ............................................................... 8-97
16 8.9.1.1 Description of Excavate and Consolidate Components for
17 A lternative 9 ........................................................................... 8-98
18 8.9.2 Detailed Evaluation of Alternative 9 .................................................... 8-99
19 8.9.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment ...... 8-99
20 8.9.2.2 COMPLIANCE WITH ARARS ................................................... 8-100
21 8.9.2.3 Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence ............................. 8-100
22 8.9.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume
23 Through Treatm ent .............................................................. 8-101
24 8.9.2.5 Short-term Effectiveness ....................................................... 8-102
25 8.9.2.6 Im plem entability ................................................................... 8-102
26 8 .9 .2 .7 C o st ...................................................................................... 8-103
27 9.0 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................... 9-1
28 9.1 ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON ..................................................................... 9-1
29
30 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
31
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