This book has been optimized for viewing at a monitor setting of 1024 x 768 pixels. D R E A M I N G I N D E CCO D R E A M I N G I N D E O CC Two Dozen Programmers, Three Years, 4,732 Bugs, One and Quest for Transcendent Software Scott Rosenberg Crown Publishers • New York Copyright © 2007 by Scott Rosenberg All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Crown Publishers,an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group,a division of Random House,Inc., New York. www.crownpublishing.com Crown is a trademark and the Crown colophon is a registered trademark of Random House,Inc. Grateful acknowledgment is made to United Media for permission to reprint a text excerpt from the comic strip Dilbert(May 4,2004). Copyright © by Scott Adams.Distributed by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.Reprinted by permission of United Media. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rosenberg,Scott. Dreaming in code :two dozen programmers,three years,4,732 bugs, and one quest for transcendent software / Scott Rosenberg. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1.Computer software—Development. I.Title. QA76.76.D47R668 2006 005.1—dc22 2006020614 eISBN: 978-0-307-38144-6 Design by Maria Elias v1.0 For my parents Software is hard. —Donald Knuth,author of The Art of Computer Programming