Double Enumeration of Legislative Powers in a Sub-State Context

119 Pages·2018·1.47 MB·English

by  Markku Suksi

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN LAW
Markku Suksi
Double Enumeration
of Legislative Powers
in a Sub-State Context
A Comparison between
Canada, Denmark and
Finland
SpringerBriefs in Law
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10164
Markku Suksi
Double Enumeration
of Legislative Powers
in a Sub-State Context
A Comparison between Canada,
Denmark and Finland
123
MarkkuSuksi
Department ofLaw
ÅboAkademi University
Turku
Finland
ISSN 2192-855X ISSN 2192-8568 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inLaw
ISBN978-3-319-90920-2 ISBN978-3-319-90921-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90921-9
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Preface
Theresearchforthisbookwasmadepossiblebyasabbaticalforresearchprovided
by my university, Åbo Akademi University in Finland, in collaboration with the
pool of professors in Finland and Svenska kulturfonden. I am grateful to these
funders and also to Director John Packer of the Human Rights Research and
Education Center at the University of Ottawa, Canada, for hosting me in October
andNovember2015.IalsowishtothankMr.SjúrðurRasmussen,LegalExpertto
the Legislative Assembly of the Faroe Islands and Professor Pierre Foucher of
theUniversityofOttawaLawSchoolformaterialsandcomments.Iamgratefulto
Mrs.AnnaBarlow,Barrister,BA,MA,forlinguisticandeditorialcommentsandto
Springer-Verlag for publishing my research. All the errors that may remain in the
text are entirely my responsibility.
AsconcernstheÅlandIslands,thisbookreliesinpartonpreviousresearch,inter
alia, Markku Suksi, Sub-State Governance through Territorial Autonomy, pub-
lishedbySpringer-Verlagin2011.Thenormativematerialsincludedintheresearch
reflect the situation at the end of 2017.
Turku/Åbo, Finland Markku Suksi
March 2018
v
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Construction of Two Enumerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Constitutional Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Legislative History Behind Two Lists of Enumerations. . . . . . . . . 7
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3 Material Content of Enumerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1 Canada and the Provinces: A Mix of Law-Making Powers
for Both Orders of Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 Finland and the Åland Islands: Competence Mainly
in Public Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 Denmark and the Faroe Islands: Sub-state Entity in Charge
of Its Own Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4 Limited or No Existence of Concurrent Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.5 Lack of Federal or National Supremacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4 Management of Competence Claims. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.1 Bodies of Dispute Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.1.1 Canada: Symmetrical but Unsystematic
Competence Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.1.2 Finland: Asymmetrical but Systematic
Competence Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.1.3 Denmark: Unilateral but Inactive Competence Control. . . . 52
4.1.4 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.2 Methods of Managing the Distribution of Competence . . . . . . . . . 58
4.2.1 Canada and the Provinces: Interpretations to Enhance
Cooperative Federalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.2.2 FinlandandtheÅlandIslands:WatertightCompartments
with Some Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
vii
viii Contents
4.2.3 Denmark and the Faroe Islands: Political Determination
Leading to Uncertainty over Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.2.4 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5 Resolution of Competence Claims Concerning Legislative
Matters not Mentioned in Enumerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
6 Excursus: The European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
7 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
List of Cases and Opinions
Canada
Ahani v. Canada, (2002) 58 O.R. (3d) 107 (C.A.); leave to appeal to the S.C.C.
denied on May 16, 2002, p. 33.
Bell Canada v. Quebec, [1988].1. S.C.R. 749, p. 62.
Board of Commerce [1922] 1 A.C. 191 (in Olmsted, ed., 1954), p. 85.
British Columbia v. Lafarge [2007] S.C.J. No. 23, 2007 SCC 23, pp. 59, 64.
Canada (Attorney General) v. PHS Community Services Society, [2011] S.C.
J. No. 44, [2011] 3 S.C.R. 134 (S.C.C.), pp. 61, 63.
Can. Federation of Agriculture v. A.G. Que [1951] A.C. 179 (in Olmsted, ed.,
1954), p. 85.
CanadianWesternBankv.Alberta,[2007]S.C.J.No.22,2007SCC22,pp. 60–64.
Chatterjee v. Ontario (Attorney General), [2009] S.C.J. No. 19, [2009] 1 S.C.R.
624 (S.C.C.), p. 61.
Consolidated Fastfrate inc. v. Western Canada Council of Teamsters [2009] S.C.
J. No. 53, [2009] 3 S.C.R. 407 (S.C.C.), p. 59.
Co-op. Committee on Japanese Canadians v. A.G. Can. [1947] A.C. 87 (in
Olmsted, ed., 1954), p. 85.
Daniels v. Canada (Indian Affairs and Northern Development), [2016] 1 SCR 99,
2016 SCC 12 (CanLII), p. 58.
Devine v. Quebec (Attorney General), [1988] 2 SCR 790, 1988 CanLII 20 (SCC),
p. 7.
FortFrancesPulpandPowerCo.v.Man.FreePressCo.[1923]A.C.695,p. 85.
General Motors of Canada v. City National Leasing, [1989] S.C.J. No. 28, p. 62.
Hislop v. Canada (Attorney General), 2009 ONCA 354 (CanLII), p. 37.
Johannessonv. Municipality ofWest St.Paul, [1952] 1SCR 292,1951CanLII55
(SCC), p. 83.
Jonesv.A.G.ofNewBrunswick,[1975]2SCR182,1974CanLII164(SCC),p. 7.
Labour Conventions case, A.-G. Can. v. A.-G. Ont., [1937] A.C. 326 (in Olmsted,
ed.), 1954, pp. 180-206), pp. 33, 82, 83.
ix
x ListofCasesandOpinions
MarineServicesInternationalLtdv.RyanEstate,[2013]S.C.J.No.44,2013SCC
44 (S.C.C.), pp. 63, 64.
Munro v.NationalCapital Commission, [1966] SCR 663, 1966CanLII 74(SCC),
p. 84.
Ontario Hydro v. Ontario (Labour Relations Board), [1993] 3 SCR 327, 1993
CanLII 72 (SCC), p. 84.
Quebec (Attorney General) v. Canada (Attorney General), [2015] S.C.J. No. 15,
2015 SCC 14 (S.C.C.), p. 58.
Quebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Canada(HumanResourcesandSocialDevelopment
[2011] S.C.J. No. 60, [2011] 3 S.C.R. 635 (S.C.C.), p. 64.
Quebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.CanadianOwnersandPilotsAssociation,2010SCC
39, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 536, p. 62.
Quebec (Attorney General) v. Lacombe, 2010 SCC 38, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 453,
pp. 61, 62.
R. v. Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd., [1988] 1 SCR 401, 1988 CanLII 63 (SCC),
p. 84.
RogersCommunicationsInc.v.Châteauguay(City),[2016]1SCR467,2016SCC
23 (CanLII), pp. 60–62.
TessierLtéev.Quebec(Commissiondelasantéetdelasécuritédutravail),[2012]
S.C.J. No. 23, 2012 SCC 23 (S.C.C.), p. 59.
TorontoElectricCommissionersv.Snider[1925]A.C.396(inOlmsted,ed.,1954),
p. 85.
Radio Reference, [1932] A.C. 304, p. 33.
Re: Anti-Inflation Act, [1976] 2 SCR 373, 1976 CanLII 16 (SCC), p. 84.
Re:Manitoba Language Rights,[1985] 1SCR 721,1985CanLII33(SCC),p.62.
Re: Canada Assistance Plan, [1991] 2 S.C.R. 525, p. 68.
Reference re Assisted Human Reproduction Act, [2010] 3 SCR 457, 2010 SCC 61
(CanLII), pp. 34, 61, 63.
Reference re Securities Act, [2011] S.C.J. No. 66, 2011 SCC 66, [2011] 3 S.C.R.
837 (S.C.C.), pp. 59, 60, 61, 65, 66.
Reference re Wartime Leasehold Regulations, [1950] SCR 124, 1950 CanLII 27
(SCC), p. 85.
Denmark
Almanna-ogHeilsumálaráðiðLandssjúkrahúsiðmodA,Ø.L.D.,ØstreLandsrets5.
afdelings dom 13. september 2007, nr. B-574-07, p. 54.
Elsa Birgitta Petersen m.fl. v/mandatar Føroya Lærarafelag imod Føroya
Landsstýri, Østre Landsrets 5. afdelings dom 15. juni 2001 [B0021006-SMH],
p. 54.