Dosage calculations and basic math for nurses demystified

270 Pages·2015·38.587 MB·English

by  Keogh, James Edward

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Dosage Calculations 5.6
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and Basic Math ] at [0
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Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, o
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changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have yrig
checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and ht ©
generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibil- M
ity of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party cG
who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information con- raw
toaminiessdi ohnesr eoinr fios rin t heve erreys urelstsp eocbtt aacincuedra tfero omr cuosme polfe tteh, ea nindf tohremya dtiioscnl acimon taalli nreesdp oinn stihbiisl itwy ofrokr. aRneya edrerrosr sa orer -Hill G
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encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, ba
readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan l E
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to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have c
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not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommenda- tio
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tion is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Ho
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Dosage Calculations 8
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and Basic Math /16
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for Nurses M
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DeMYSTiFieD al E
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Second Edition d o
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This book is dedicated to Anne, Sandy, Joanne, Amber-Leigh Christine, Shawn, Eric, and Amy. rsin
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—Jim Keogh, MSN, RN-BC a
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About the Author .62
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Jim Keogh, MSN, RN-BC, is Board Certified in Psychiatric-Mental Health and has 6]. C
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written McGraw-Hill’s Nursing DeMystified series. These include Pharmacology p
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DeMystified, Microbiology DeMystified, Medical-Surgical Nursing DeMystified, h
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Medical Billing and Coding DeMystified, Nursing Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests M
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DeMystified, Dosage Calculations DeMystified, Medical Charting DeMystified, ra
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Pediatric Nursing DeMystified, Nurse Management DeMystified, Schaum’s Outline -H
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of ECG Interpretations, Schaum’s Outline of Medical Terminology, and Schaum’s lo
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Outline of Emergency Nursing. His books can be found in leading university l E
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libraries including Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, University of ca
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Pennsylvania Biomedical Library, Columbia University, Brown University, n H
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University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Cambridge University, and ld
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Oxford University. He is a former member of the faculty at Columbia University s, L
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and is a member of the faculty of New York University and Saint Peter’s C. N
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University in New Jersey. t to
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Contents .62
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Preface xi 8/1
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PART I DOSAGE CALCULATIONS 1 t ©
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CHAPTER 1 Medication Order and Medication 3 G
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1. Medication Order 4 -H
2. The Medication Administration Record (MAR) 11 ill G
3. Creating a New MAR 13 lob
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4. Information About Medication 15 l Ed
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5. Using the MAR 16 atio
6. Taking Off Orders 17 n H
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7. Avoid Common Errors When Using the MAR 19 ld
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CHAPTER 2 The Formula Method 27 s, LL
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1. Parts of the Formula 28 . N
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2. Calculating a Dose Using the Formula Method 29 t to
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3. Reading the Medication Order 29 e re
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4. Reading the Medication Label 30 istrib
5. Inserting Values Into the Formula 30 ute
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6. Calculating the Formula 31 o
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7. Converting Metric Units 33 o
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CHAPTER 3 The Ratio-Proportion Method 43 in
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1. Understanding the Ratio 44 ny
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2. Proportion 44 ay
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3. Ratio 45 ith
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viii CONTENTS Do
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CHaPtER 4 Intravenous Calculations 53 by
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1. Understanding Intravenous Therapy 54 a
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2. Electronic Medication Pump 54 lty
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3. The Intravenous Bag 55 f N
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4. The Drip Factor 56 rsin
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5. Parts of the Drip Rate Formula 57 , C
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6. Pump Rate 58 ian
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CHaPtER 5 Calculating Pediatric Doses 71 i U
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12.. TChaelc Pueladtiiantgri Pc eDdoiasetr iCca Dlcousleasti on Formula 7724 ersity 5
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3. Calculating the Maximum Quantity per Day 74 2.1
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4. Calculating Multiple Doses 75 8.1
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CHaPtER 6 Calculating Heparin Dose 89 t [0
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1. A Close Look at Heparin 90 /1
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2. Calculating a Heparin Dose 91 /16
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3. Be Prepared for Different Types of Heparin o
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4. The Heparin Subcutaneous Formula 93 t ©
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CHaPtER 7 Calculating Dopamine Dose 103 ra
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1. Calculating Dopamine Dose 104 -H
2. The Dopamine Dose Calculation Formula 105 ill G
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CHaPtER 8 Calculating Dose for Children using Body Surface area 115 l E
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1. What Is Body Surface Area? 116 ca
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2. Calculating the Body Surface Area 117 n H
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3. The BSA Child Dose Calculation Formula 119 ld
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CHaPtER 9 Enteral tube Feeding 125 s, LL
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1. What Is Enteral Tube Feeding? 126 . N
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2. Enteral Tube Feeding Formula 127 t to
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3. Enteral Tube Feeding Formula by Caloric e re
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Intake 128 istrib
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Part II BaSIC MatH SKIllS 137 ted
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CHaPtER 10 Positive and Negative Numbers 139 r mo
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1. Understanding Positive and Negative Numbers 140 ifie
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2. The Rules of Signs 141 in a
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CHaPtER 11 Fractions, Decimals, and Percentage 149 a
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1. Understanding Fractions 150 ith
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CONTENTS ix Do
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2. Fractions and Decimals 156 d b
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3. Percentage 162 [ F
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CHaPtER 12 Ratios and Proportions 171 lty
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1. Understanding Ratios 172 f N
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2. Proportions and Ratios 173 rsin
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CHaPtER 13 Equations 181 ia
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1. Understanding Equations 182 m
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2. Algebraic Expression 184 n
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3. Identifying the Unknown 186 ersity
4. Order of Operations 188 5
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aPPENDIx a answering tricky Questions 195 58
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1. Too Many Numbers 195 7
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2. The Sleight of Hand 196 t [0
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3. The Double Barrel Question 197 /1
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4. The Per Dose Question 198 6
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aPPENDIx B Quick Reference 199 yrig
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1. Conversion Factors 199 t ©
2. Temperature Conversion Table 200 M
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3. Temperature Conversion Formulas 200 ra
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4. Medication Formulas 200 -H
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Final Exam Part 1 203 ba
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Final Exam Part 2 215 du
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Final Exam Part 3 227 tio
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Index 245 H
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