Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes

356 Pages·2009·2.36 MB·English

by  Gunther Martin

OXFORD CLASSICAL MONOGRAPHS
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ClassicsintheUniversityofOxford
The aim of the Oxford Classical Monograph series (which replaces the Oxford
Classical and Philosophical Monographs) is to publish books based on the best
theses on Greek and Latin literature, ancient history, and ancient philosophy
examinedbytheFacultyBoardofClassics.
DIVINE TALK
RELIGIOUS ARGUMENTATION
IN DEMOSTHENES
GUNTHER MARTIN
1
3
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The parts of this book that are based on the thesis I submitted in 2005 have
changedlessinsubstancethan(Ihope)inreader-friendliness.Twonewchapters
saw the light of day at the Department of Classical Literature in Berne, an
endangered haven of scholarship. It was there that most of the revision took
place, while the final touch was given to this book after my return to Oxford.
During all this time I have been helped by many people in many ways. Single
chaptershavebeenreadandcommentedonbyRichardFowler,TheresaMorgan,
and Chris Pelling, as well as Oswyn Murray, who was also particularly helpful
and encouraging in periods when the circumstances were not ideal. Michael
Winterbottom and Malcolm Heath may have been surprised that they were
askedtoexamineaD.Phil.thesisinAncientHistory.Ihopetheywillfindtheir
copiousandthoroughsuggestionsdulyincorporated.RobinLaneFoxsupervised
me in the early stages of my doctoral studies and saved me from blundering all
too much about Athenian foreign policy. In the last stages, Leofranc Holford-
Strevens made numerous suggestions on details and helped me refine my
arguments. To all of them I owe considerable thanks. Most of all, however, I
amindebtedtoRobertParker,whosepatienceprovedinexhaustiblewhenhenot
onlyread,corrected,andcommentedonmydraftsagainandagainassupervisor,
butwasevenpreparedtocarryon,wearingadifferenthat,asadviserforthepress.
Foranyerrorsandmistakesthatareleftnobodybutmyselfistoblame.
During my years of graduate work I have been generously funded by a
ScatcherdEuropeanScholarship,whichprovidedmewiththemeanstoconcen-
trateonmystudies.Ofequalimportancewasthemultifarioussupportofthose
dearesttomeinOxford.
GuntherMartin
Oxford,November2008
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CONTENTS
AbbreviationsandConventions viii
Introduction 1
PART I. SPEECHES IN PUBLIC TRIALS
1. AgainstMidias(Or.21) 15
2. OntheFalseEmbassy(Or.19) 49
3. OntheCrown(Or.18) 85
4. DemosthenesasSpeechwriter 118
5. SpeechesWrittenbyOtherOrators 137
Excursus:AgainstAristogiton(Or.25) 182
ConclusionI:TheImportanceoftheIndividual 203
PART II. DELIBERATIVE AND PRIVATE
SPEECHES
6. Demosthenes’AssemblySpeeches 219
7. AgainstLeptines(Or.20) 236
8. PrivateSpeechesI:RitualActswithProbativeForce 250
9. PrivateSpeechesII:Non-ProbativeArguments 277
ConclusionII:TheInfluenceoftheGenre 290
Bibliography 301
Index 321
ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS
ARV2¼ JohnD.Beazley,AtticRed-FigureVase-Painters(Oxford,21963).
AVI¼ AttischeVersinschriften,ed.WernerPeek(Berlin,1980).
CEG ¼ Carmina epigraphica Graeca saeculorum VIII–V a.Chr.n., ed. P. A.
Hansen(BerlinandNewYork,1983–).
CID¼ CorpusdesinscriptionsdeDelphes,ed.GeorgesRougemontetal.(Paris,
1977–2002).
CLGP¼ CommentariaetlexicaGraecainpapyrisreperta,ed.GuidoBastianini
etal.(Munich,2004–).
CVA Ferrara ¼ Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Italia. Museo Nazionale di Ferrara, ed.
PaoloE.AriasandStellaUggeriPatitucci(Rome,1963–71).
FGrH ¼ Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, ed. Felix Jacoby (Leiden,
1923–).
FHG ¼ Fragmenta historicorum Graecorum, ed. C. W. Mueller (Paris, 1878–
85).
GHI¼ GreekHistoricalInscriptions404–323bc,ed.P.J.RhodesandRobin
Osborne(Oxford,2003).
IE2 ¼ Iambi et elegi Graeci ante Alexandrum cantati, ed. Martin L. West
(Oxford,21989–1992).
IG¼ InscriptionesGraecae,ed.AdolfKirchhoffetal.(Berlin,1873–).
K–G¼ RaphaelKu¨hner,Ausfu¨hrlicheGrammatik dergriechischenSprache,2.
Teil: Satzlehre, rev. Bernhard Gerth (Hannover and Leipzig, 31898–
1904).
LfgrE ¼ Lexikon des fru¨hgriechischen Epos, ed. Bruno Snell et al. (Go¨ttingen,
1955–).
LIMC¼ Lexiconiconographicummythologiaeclassicae(Zu¨rich,1981–99).
LSAM¼ Loissacre´esdel’AsieMineure,ed.FranciszekSokolowski(Paris,1955).
LSCG¼ Loissacre´esdescite´sgrecques,ed.FranciszekSokolowski(Paris,1969).
LSS ¼ Lois sacre´es des cite´s grecques: Supple´ment, ed. Franciszek Sokolowski
(Paris,1962).
LSJ¼ HenryG.Liddell,RobertScott,SirHenryStuartJones,etal.,AGreek–
EnglishLexicon:WithaSupplement(Oxford,91968,Suppl.1996).
OLD¼ OxfordLatinDictionary,ed.P.G.W.Glare(Oxford,1982).
PAA¼ JohnS.Traill,PersonsofAncientAthens(Toronto,1994–).
ParG¼ ParoemiographiGraeci,ed.Ernstv.LeutschandFriedrichW.Schneidewin
(Go¨ttingen,1839–51).
AbbreviationsandConventions ix
PCG ¼ Poetae Comici Graeci, ed. Rudolf Kassel and Colin Austin (Berlin,
1983–).
PEG ¼ Poetarum epicorum Graecorum testimonia et fragmenta, ed. Alberto
Bernabe´(Leipzig,1996–2007).
PGM¼ PapyriGraecaeMagicae,ed.KarlPreisendanz(Leipzig,1928–31).
PMG¼ PoetaeMeliciGraeci.Alcmanis,Stesichori,Ibyci,Anacreontis,Simonidis,
Corinnae,poetarumminorumreliquias,carminapopulariaetconvivia-
liaquaequeadespotaferuntur,ed.DenysL.Page(Oxford,1962).
PMGF ¼ Poetarum Melicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, ed. Malcolm Davies
(Oxford,1991).
P.Oxy.¼ TheOxyrhynchusPapyri(London,1898–).
RE ¼ Paulys Real-Encyclopa¨die der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft: Neue
Bearbeitung,ed.GeorgWissowaetal.(Stuttgart,1894–1978).
RVAp¼ A.D.TrendallandAlexanderCambitoglou,TheRed-FiguredVasesof
Apulia(Oxford,1978–82).
SEG¼ SupplementumEpigraphicumGraecum(Amsterdam,1923–).
SVF ¼ Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta, ed. Hans F. A. von Arnim (Leipzig,
1903–24).
TrGF ¼ Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, ed. Bruno Snell et al. (Go¨ttingen,
1971–2004,vol.i21986).
VS¼ DieFragmentederVorsokratiker.Griechischunddeutsch,ed.Hermann
DielsandWaltherKranz(Berlin,61952).
Greek names appear in their Latinized form. Exceptions are not due to any particular
principlebutmypersonalpreference.
Spuriousworksarenotmarkedassuchinshortreferences,evenwhereauthenticityis
out of the question (e.g. ‘Plutarch’s’ Vitae decem oratorum, or ‘Xenophon’s’ Respublica
Atheniensium).