Divine Inspiration in Byzantium: Notions of Authenticity in Art and Theology

480 Pages·2022·70.125 MB·English

by  Karin Krause

DIVINE INSPIRATION IN BYZANTIUM
NOTIONSOFAUTHENTICITYINARTANDTHEOLOGY
Inthisvolume,KarinKrauseexaminesconceptionsofdivineinspirationand
authenticity in the religious literature and visual arts of Byzantium. During
antiquity and the medieval era, “inspiration” encompassed a range of ideas
regarding the divine contribution to the creation of holy texts, icons, and
other material objects by human beings. Krause traces the origins of the
notion of divine inspiration in the Jewish and polytheistic cultures of the
ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds and their reception in
Byzantine religious culture. Exploring how conceptions of authenticity are
employed in Byzantium to claim religious authority, she analyzes texts in
arangeofgenres,aswellasimagesindifferentmedia,includingmanuscript
illumination,icons,andmosaics.Herinterdisciplinarystudydemonstratesthe
pivotalrolethatclaimstothedivineinspirationofreligiousliteratureandart
playedintheconstructionofByzantineculturalidentity.
Karin Krause is an assistant professor of Byzantine Theology and Visual
CultureattheUniversityofChicago.Herresearchhasbeensupportedby
the German Research Foundation, the Max Planck Society, Dumbarton
Oaks,theGerdaHenkelFoundation,andtheGermanAcademicExchange
Service. Her book The Illustrated Homilies of John Chrysostom in Byzantium
wonanawardfromtheSoutheastEuropeAssociation.

DIVINE INSPIRATION IN
BYZANTIUM
NOTIONS OF AUTHENTICITY
IN ART AND THEOLOGY
KARIN KRAUSE
UniversityofChicago
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names:Krause,Karin,author.
title:DivineinspirationinByzantium:notionsofauthenticityinartandtheology/KarinKrause,
UniversityofChicago.
description:Cambridge;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2022.|Includes
bibliographicalreferencesandindex.
identifiers:lccn2021050152(print)|lccn2021050153(ebook)|isbn9781108830997(hardback)|
isbn9781108926218(paperback)|isbn9781108922050(ebook)
subjects:lcsh:Authority Religiousaspects Christianity Historyofdoctrines Earlychurch,ca.
30 600.|Authority Religiousaspects Christianity Historyofdoctrines MiddleAges,600
1500.|Bible Inspiration Historyofdoctrines Earlychurch,ca.30 600.|Bible Inspiration
Historyofdoctrines MiddleAges,600 1500.|Authorityinart.|Authorityinliterature.|Art,
Byzantine Themes,motives.
classification:lccbt88.k742022(print)|lccbt88(ebook)|ddc262/.8 dc23/eng/20211118
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isbn978-1-108-83099-7Hardback
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CONTENTS
ListofPlates pagevii
ListofFigures ix
Acknowledgements xv
ListofAbbreviations xvii
INTRODUCTION 1
1 THE EARLY CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY OF DIVINE
INSPIRATION: NOVEL APPROACHES TO AN OLD
PICTORIAL THEME 36
2 INSPIRATION AND THE BIBLE IN THE
POST ICONOCLASTIC ERA 87
3 INSPIRATION CONTINUED: THE WRITINGS OF THE
CHURCH FATHERS 145
4 DIVINE INSPIRATION BEYOND THE FATHERS 206
5 INSPIRED ICONS 232
6 ACHEIROPOIETOS: THE MANDYLION AS “THE
RADIANCE OF GOD’S GLORY AND EXACT IMPRINT OF
GOD’S VERY BEING” 273
7 ALLEGORIES OF DIVINE ARTISTRY: THE MANDYLION
AND ITS MULTIPLES 320
EPILOGUE 355
v
vi CONTENTS
Bibliography 360
Index of Manuscripts 418
Index of Biblical Citations 421
General Index 424
PLATES
Thecolorplatescanbefoundbetweenpages14and15.
1.1 DivineWisdomdictatingtheGospeltoMarktheEvangelist.RossanoCodex,
Rossano,MuseoDiocesanoedelCodice,Ms.1,f.121r.©MuseoDiocesano
edelCodice,Rossano.
2.10 LuketheEvangelistwritingdowntheGospelupondivinedictation.
St.Petersburg,NationalLibrary,Ms.212,f.141v.©TheNationalLibraryof
Russia.
2.17 JohntheEvangelistdictatingtheGospeltoProchorus.MountAthos,
DionysiouMonastery,Ms.588,f.225v.©MountAthos,Dionysiou
Monastery.Photographer:MonkGabriil.
2.26 TitlepageoftheEpistletotheHebrews.Moscow,StateUniversityLibrary,
Ms.gr.2(2280),f.316v.©MoscowStateUniversity.
2.30 DivineWisdomdictatingthePsaltertoDavid.Milan,BibliotecaAmbrosiana,
Ms.M54sup.,f.1r.©VenerandaBibliotecaAmbrosiana.
2.35 DavidbetweenWisdomandProphecy.ParisPsalter,Bibliothèquenationale,
Ms.gr.139,f.7v.©BibliothèquenationaledeFrance.
3.13 St.JohnChrysostomasthedivinelyinspired“SourceofWisdom.”Milan,
BibliotecaAmbrosiana,Ms.A172sup.,f.263v.©VenerandaBiblioteca
Ambrosiana.MondadoriPortfolioFotoriproduzione.
3.14 St.Paulwriting.Paris,Bibliothèquenationale,Ms.gr.224,f.6v.©
BibliothèquenationaledeFrance.
3.15 ThreecommentatorsonPaul’sEpistles.Paris,Bibliothèquenationale,Ms.gr.
224,f.7r.©BibliothèquenationaledeFrance.
3.23 St.JohnChrysostomwiththetwelve year oldJesusintheTemple.Athens,
NationalLibrary,Ms.211,f.226r.©ΕθνικήΒιβλιοθήκητηςΕλλάδος.
3.30 St.GregoryofNazianzusbeinginspiredbyChrist.Jerusalem,Greek
Patriarchate,Ms.Saba258,f.1v.©GreekOrthodoxPatriarchate,Jerusalem.
Photographer:GaroNalbandian.
3.22 St.JohnChrysostombeingofferedascrolltoeat.Ohrid,ChurchofHagia
Sophia©DigitalesForschungsarchivByzanz:https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:
1126795.Photographer:HorstHallensleben.
3.32 St.AthanasiustheGreatasthe“SourceofWisdom.”Lesnovo,Churchofthe
ArchangelMichael,Narthex.©DiFaB(https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:1126
786).Photographer:HorstHallensleben.
vii
viii LISTOFPLATES
4.6 JamesofKokkinobaphoswithSts.JohnChrysostomandGregoryofNyssa.
Paris,Bibliothèquenationale,Ms.gr.1208,f.1v.©Bibliothèquenationalede
France.
5.5 MosaicoftheVirginMaryandChristchildintheapse(detail).HagiaSophia,
Constantinople.©ByzantineInstituteandDumbartonOaksFieldwork
RecordsandPapers,ca.late1920s,DumbartonOaks,TrusteesforHarvard
University,Washington,DC.Photographer:SusanBoyd.
6.1 Wingsfromatriptych.Sinai,TheHolyMonasteryofSt.Catherine.By
permissionofSaintCatherine’sMonastery,Sinai,Egypt.Photographer:
FatherJustin.
7.3 IcondepictingtheAnnunciationtotheVirginMary(detail).Sinai,TheHoly
MonasteryofSt.Catherine.©BypermissionofSaintCatherine’sMonastery,
Sinai,Egypt.Photographer:FatherJustin.