Divine Epithets in the Ugaritic Alphabetic Texts (Handbook of Oriental Studies Handbuch der Orientalistik)

481 Pages·2007·1.95 MB·English

by  Aicha Rahmouni. Translated by J.N. Ford

Divine Epithets in the
Ugaritic Alphabetic Texts
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HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES
SECTION ONE
THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST
Ancient Near East
Editor-in-Chief
W. H. van Soldt
Editors
G. Beckman C. Leitz B. A. Levine
• •
P. Michalowski P. Miglus
•
Middle East
R. S. O’Fahey C. H. M. Versteegh
•
VOLUME NINETY-THREE
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Divine Epithets in the
Ugaritic Alphabetic Texts
by
Aicha Rahmouni
translated by
J. N. Ford
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2008
rahmouni_pp. i-iv.indd iii 10/5/2007 10:49:57 AM
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rahmouni, Aicha.
[Kinuye ha-elim ba-tekstim ha-Ugaritiyim. English]
Divine epithets in the Ugaritic alphabetic texts / by Aicha Rahmouni ; translated by
J. N. Ford.
p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental studies. Section I, The Near and Middle East ;
v. 93)
Includes romanized Ugaritic texts.
Rev. and edited translation of the author’s dissertation.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-04-15769-9 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Ugaritic language—Epithets.
2. Gods, Ugaritic. I. Title. II. Series.
PJ4150.R3413 2007
492’.67—dc22
ISSN 0169-9423
ISBN 978 90 04 15769 9
Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing,
IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission
from the publisher.
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The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910,
Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
Fees are subject to change.
printed in the netherlands
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(cid:3)(cid:2) (cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6) (cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10)
To my parents
with love and gratitude
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CONTENTS
Preface ......................................................................................... xi
Preface by the Translator ........................................................... xv
Introduction ................................................................................ xvii
The Epithets
1. (cid:2)ab / (cid:2)abn “father” / “our father” ............................ 3
2. (cid:2)ab (cid:2)adm “father of mankind” ................................ 8
3. (cid:2)ab bn (cid:2)il “father of the children of (cid:2)Ilu” ............... 11
4. (cid:2)ab nšrm “father of raptors” ................................... 14
5. (cid:2)ab šnm “father of years” ...................................... 18
6. (cid:2)ad (cid:2)ad “father! father!” ........................................ 22
7. (cid:2)adn / (cid:2)adnkm “lord” / “your lord” ................................ 25
8. (cid:2)adn (cid:2)ilm (/ rbm) “lord of the (/ great) gods” ..................... 29
9. [(cid:2)(cid:3)il ] g(cid:4)r w yqr “the powerful and august [god]” ............ 33
10. (cid:2)(cid:3)il y(cid:4)b b(cid:5)(cid:4)trt “the god who sits (enthroned) in
(cid:3)A(cid:4)tartu” ................................................... 37
11. (cid:2)(cid:3)il mlk “(cid:2)Ilu the king” .......................................... 40
12. (cid:2)(cid:3)il šr “(cid:2)Ilu the prince” ....................................... 43
13. (cid:2)(cid:3)il (cid:4)p(cid:6) b hdr(cid:5)y “the god who judges (/ rules) in
Hidra(cid:3)yu” ................................................. 46
14. (cid:2)al(cid:2)(cid:3)iy qrdm “the mightiest of the heroes” .................. 49
15. (cid:2)al(cid:2)iyn b(cid:5)l “Ba(cid:3)lu the mighty one” ............................ 53
16. (cid:2)(cid:3)ilš ngr bt b(cid:5)l “(cid:2)Ilš, the herald of the house of Ba(cid:3)lu” ... 64
17. (cid:2)(cid:3)ilt “the goddess” ........................................... 67
18. (cid:2)(cid:3)ilt (cid:7)dynm “the goddess of Sidon” ........................... 69
19. (cid:2)um (cid:2)(cid:3)ilm “the mother of the gods” ........................ 72
20. (cid:2)um (cid:2)um “mother, mother” ..................................... 74
21. (cid:2)um nšrm “mother of raptors” ................................. 76
22. (cid:2)amt (cid:2)a(cid:4)rt “maidservant of (cid:2)A(cid:4)iratu” ........................ 78
23. (cid:2)amt yr(cid:8) “maidservant of Yari(cid:5)u” ......................... 81
24. (cid:2)(cid:3)in d (cid:5)lnh “without equal (lit. there is none above
him)” ........................................................ 84
25. (cid:2)a(cid:4)rt rbt “(cid:2)A(cid:4)iratu the lady” ................................... 86
26. bn (cid:2)(cid:3)il “the son of (cid:2)Ilu” ....................................... 88
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viii contents
27. bn (cid:2)(cid:3)ilm mt “the son of (cid:2)Ilu, Môtu” ............................... 90
28. bn dgn “the son of Dag(cid:6)nu” ................................... 94
29. bny bnwt “the creator of creatures” ........................... 98
30. b(cid:5)l gml “possessor of the gamlu-staff” ...................... 102
31. b(cid:5)lkm “your master” .............................................. 106
32. b(cid:5)lt drkt “mistress of dominion” ............................... 108
33. [b(cid:5)(cid:3)]lt kp(cid:4) “[mist]ress of the kp(cid:4)-headdress” ................ 110
34. b(cid:5)lt mlk “mistress of kingship” ................................. 114
35. b(cid:5)lt šmm rmm “mistress of the high heavens” ................... 116
36. bt (cid:2)(cid:3)il (cid:9)bb “the daughter of (cid:2)Ilu, (cid:7)bb (Flame)” .......... 118
37. bt (cid:2)ar “disperser of light” ...................................... 120
38. bt y(cid:5)bdr “disperser (/ daughter) of y(cid:5)bdr” ................. 126
39. bt rb “disperser of showers” ................................ 129
40. btlt(m) “maiden” ...................................................... 132
41. btlt (cid:5)nt “the maiden (cid:3)Anatu” ................................... 134
42. b(cid:4)n br(cid:10) “the (cid:2)eeing (?) serpent” ............................... 142
43. b(cid:4)n (cid:5)qltn “the twisting (/ twisted) serpent” ................ 144
44. gmr hd “the annihilator Haddu” ............................. 147
45. dgy (cid:2)a(cid:4)rt “the (cid:3)sherman of (cid:2)A(cid:4)iratu” ......................... 150
46. dgy rbt (cid:2)a(cid:4)rt ym “the (cid:3)sherman of the lady (cid:2)A(cid:4)iratu of the
sea” .............................................................. 152
47. dmrn “the valiant one” ......................................... 154
48. hyn d (cid:10)rš ydm “Hayy(cid:6)nu, the one of the dexterous
hands” .......................................................... 156
49. zbl b(cid:5)l “prince Ba(cid:3)lu” .............................................. 159
50. zbl b(cid:5)l (cid:2)ar(cid:7) “the prince, lord of the earth” ................... 162
51. zbl ym “prince Yammu” .......................................... 165
52. zbl yr(cid:8) “prince Yari(cid:5)u” ........................................... 168
53. zbl mlk (cid:5)llmy “the prince, the eternal king” ..................... 169
54. (cid:10)yly “the mighty” ................................................ 174
55. (cid:10)rn (cid:10)brm “(cid:8)ôr(cid:6)nu, the spellcaster” ............................ 176
56. (cid:10)rš “the dexterous one” ..................................... 178
57. (cid:10)tk dgn “scion of Dag(cid:6)nu” ...................................... 180
58. (cid:8)ss d(cid:5)tk “(cid:9)as(cid:10)su, your expert (in magic)” ................ 182
59. (cid:8)tnm b(cid:5)l “son-in-law of Ba(cid:3)lu” .................................. 184
60. ybmt (/ ymmt) “the (divine) sister-in-law associated with
l(cid:2)imm the peoples (?)” ............................................ 186
61. ydd “the beloved” ............................................... 193
62. ydd (cid:2)(cid:3)il (cid:11)zr “the beloved of (cid:2)Ilu, the hero” ................... 195
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contents ix
63. yr(cid:8) zbl “Yari(cid:5)u the prince” ....................................... 198
64. klbt (cid:2)(cid:3)ilm (cid:2)(cid:3)išt “the bitch of (cid:2)Ilu, (cid:2)Iš(cid:10)tu (Fire)” ...................... 199
65. k(cid:4)r(m) (cid:10)brk “Kô(cid:4)aru, your spellcaster” ............................. 201
66. l(cid:6)pn(/l(cid:12)pn) “the sagacious one, the god of mercy”
(cid:2)(cid:3)il d(/(cid:9)) p(cid:2)(cid:3)id ......................................................................... 203
67. l(cid:6)pn w qdš “the sagacious and holy one” ....................... 207
68. l(cid:6)pn (cid:10)tkk “the sagacious one, your sire” ....................... 210
69. mdd (cid:2)(cid:3)il ym “the beloved of (cid:2)Ilu, Yammu” ....................... 212
70. mdd (cid:2)(cid:3)ilm (cid:2)arš “the beloved of (cid:2)Ilu, (cid:2)Arš” ............................. 215
71. mdd (cid:2)(cid:3)ilm mt “the beloved of (cid:2)Ilu, Môtu” .......................... 217
72. mhr b(cid:5)l “the warrior of Ba(cid:3)lu” ................................... 219
73. mhr (cid:5)nt “the warrior of (cid:3)Anatu” ................................ 221
74. mhr št “the Sutean warrior” ..................................... 223
75. mlk / mlkn “the king” / “our king” ................................. 226
76. mlk (cid:2)a(cid:11)zt “the (divine) patron of . . .” ........................... 229
77. mlk q(cid:12) “the (divine) patron of (summer) fruit” ........ 232
78. mt mt “husband, husband” ...................................... 234
79. ngr (cid:2)(cid:3)il (cid:2)(cid:3)ilš “the divine herald, (cid:2)Ilš” ................................. 236
80. nhr (cid:2)(cid:3)il rbm “Naharu, the god of the immense
(waters)” ......................................................... 238
81. nyr rbt “the luminary, the lady” ................................ 241
82. nyr šmm “the luminary of the heavens” ...................... 244
83. n(cid:5)mn (cid:2)(cid:3)ilm “the most handsome of the gods” ................ 246
84. n(cid:5)mt (/ bn) “the loveliest of (/ among) the sisters of
(cid:2)a(cid:8)t b(cid:5)l Ba(cid:3)lu” ............................................................. 248
85. nrt (cid:2)(cid:3)ilm špš “the lamp of the gods, Šapšu” ...................... 252
86. (cid:5)gl (cid:2)(cid:3)il (cid:5)tk “the calf of (cid:2)Ilu, (cid:3)tk” ..................................... 256
87. (cid:5)ly “the supreme one” ......................................... 258
88. (cid:5)nt g(cid:4)r<t> “(cid:3)Anatu the powerful” ................................... 260
89. (cid:5)(cid:4)tr (cid:5)r(cid:12) “mighty (?) (cid:3)A(cid:4)taru” ....................................... 263
90. (cid:11)lm d(cid:5)tm “the youth, the expert (in magic)” ................ 266
91. (cid:11)lmt “the maiden” ................................................. 269
92. (cid:7)(cid:10)rrt l(cid:2)a šmm “the scorcher, the power of the heavens” ..... 271
93. qnyt (cid:2)(cid:3)ilm “the creatress of the gods” ............................ 275
94. rbt (cid:2)a(cid:4)rt ym “the lady (cid:2)A(cid:4)iratu of the sea” ........................ 278
95. rbt špš “the lady Šapšu” ............................................ 286
96. rkb (cid:5)rpt “rider of the clouds” ..................................... 288
97. rp(cid:2)u b(cid:5)l “the hero of Ba(cid:3)lu” ........................................ 292
98. rp(cid:2)u mlk (cid:5)lm “the hero, the eternal king” .......................... 294
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