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Dispatch...Volume 5, Number 19...U.S. Department of State...May 9, 1994 PDF

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Preview Dispatch...Volume 5, Number 19...U.S. Department of State...May 9, 1994

-— 2 U.S. Pledge to South Africa: Building Upon a Newfound Freedom President Clinton, Vice President Gore U.S. Security Policy in Korea Secretary of Defense William Perry 275 Promoting Democracy And Prosperity in Central Asia Acting Secretary Talbott 280 Fact Sheets: Central Asian Republics 282 Fact Sheet: Georgia 296 1, May 9, 1994 e¢ Volume 5, Number 19 Oa | Volume 5, Number 19 May 9, 1994 Warren Christopher Secretary of State To order annual subscriptions Thomas E. Donilon and single copies of Dispatch: Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Third- or First-Class Postage: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9371. Subscription prices Colleen A. Elliott (including six-month indexes and all supplemental Director/Editor in Chief issues): $91 domestic third-class postage; $144 Office of Public Communication domestic first-class postage; $113.75 foreign. Single copy price for regular issues: $1.50 domestic; $1.88 foreign. 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Commercial networks download may be reproduced without consent; citation of the material from government electronic sources for U.S. Department of State Dispatch as the source is their customers; for example, Mead Data Central's appreciated. Permission to reproduce any copy- LEXIS-NEXIS offers Dispatch and other State righted material (including photos or graphics) must Department material in its DSTATE file. DSTATE is be obtained from the original source. found in the EXEC political library as well as the WORLD, ASIAPC, MDEAFR, NSAMER, and Text printed on recycled paper. EUROPE international libraries. South Africa Through the programs of 10 U.S. Government agencies, we will work U.S. Pledge to South Africa: with South Africans to help meet the needs which they identify—to build Building Upon a Newfound Freedom homes and hospitals, to provide better education, and to promote good President Clinton, Vice President Gore governance and economic development. I’m writing to the leaders of the Statements at event following South African elections, other G-7 countries and asking them to Washington, DC, May 5, 1994 join us in expanding assistance to South Africa. And we urge the inter- national financial institutions, such as the World Bank, to do the same. President Clinton. Thank you very successful market economy; and that Next week, I’m also sending an much. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome enabling the citizens of South Africa to official delegation to South Africa for to all of you. Last week we watched reach their potential, economically is President Mandela’s inauguration. with wonder as the citizens of South critical to preserving the tolerant Vice President Gore will lead the trip, Africa went to the polls—as voters democracy. To show that reconciliation along with Mrs. Gore. They’ll be joined lined up for miles and miles, coming on and democracy can bring tangible by the First Lady, Secretary Brown, crutches and in wheelchairs, waiting benefits, others will have to help. I’m Secretary Espy, and many others, patiently, crossing the countryside to convinced that South Africa can including those here in the audience exercise their franchise—to create a become a model for the entire conti- today. new nation conceived in liberty and nent. And America must be a new and We are taking these actions empowered by their redemptive full partner with that new government, because we have important interests suffering. so that it can deliver on its promise as at stake in the success of South Africa’s I have just spoken with President- quickly as possible. journey. We have an economic interest elect Mandela and with President We've already begun. Over the in a thriving South Africa that will de Klerk. I congratulated Mr. Mandela past year, the United States sent seek our exports and generate greater on his victory and told President de experts to South Africa to help them prosperity throughout the region. We Klerk that he clearly deserves tremen- negotiate the new constitution. We have a security interest in a stable, dous credit for his leadership. Their provided considerable assistance to democratic South Africa working courage, their statesmanship—along help their elections work. We lifted with its neighbors to restore and with the leadership of Chief Buthelezi sanctions. We sent two trade and secure peace. We have a clear moral and others—has made this transition investment missions to lay the ground- interest. We have had our own difficult smoother than many thought possible. work for greater economic cooperation. struggles over racial division, and still South Africa is free today because And we had a very fine American we grapple with the challenges of of the choices its leaders and people delegation of election observers there drawing strength from our own made. Their actions have been an during the recent elections. I’d like diversity. That is why the powerful inspiration. We can also be proud of especially to thank the leader of that images of South Africa’s elections America’s rcie in this great drama. delegation, the Rev. Jesse Jackson, for resonated so deeply in the souolfs al l Because those of you here today and his outstanding contributions to the Americans. many others have helped to keep success of the South African elections. Whether in South Africa or freedom’s flame lit during the dark Thank you, sir. America, we know there is no finish night of apartheid, Congress enacted Today I am announcing a substan- line to de s work. Developing sanctions to help squeeze legitimacy tial increase in our efforts to promote habits of tolerance and respect, creat- from the apartheid regime. Students trade, aid, and investment in South ing opportunity for all our citizens— marched in solidarity. Stockholders Africa. Over the next three years these efforts are never completely held their companies to higher ethical we will provide and leverage about done. But let us savor the fact that standards. America’s churches—both $600 million in funds to South Africa. South Africa now has the chance to black and white—took up the mantle For this fiscai year, we have increased begin that noble and vital work. of moral leadership. And throughout assistance from $83 million to $143 mil- Thirty-three years ago, Albert the fight, American civil rights leaders lion. Along with guarantees and other Luthuli became the first of four South here helped to lead the way. Through- means, our resources—which will be Africtoa wnins t he Nobel Peace Prize. out, South Africa’s cause also has mobilized for next year—will exceed As he accepted the award, he described been an American cause. Last week’s $200 million. his people as, and I quote, miracle came to pass in part because of America’s help. Now we must not turn ... living testimony to the unconquerable our backs. spiorf mianktind . Down the years they Let me begin by saying that we have sought the goal of fuller life and Diepatch SupplVeolm. 5e, Nno.t 3. 0 liberty, striving with incredible determina- all know South Africa faces a task of tion and fortitude. building a tolerant democracy and a U.S. Deparoft Stmatee Dnisptat ch « May9 , 1994 © Vol. 5, No. 19 / South Africa Director Carol Bellamy of the I will have an opportunity, along Today, that fortitude and the Peace Corps is here; Administrator with several members of the delega- strivings of generations have begun to Brian Atwood of USAID; Ruth Harkin, tion, to talk to the leaders of other bear fruit. Together, we must help all President of OPIC; Ambassador Harry nations in Africa that are in various South Africans build on their newfound Schwarz, who will be coming to the stages of the transition to free-market freedom. Thank you very much. podium in a moment; ANC Representa- democracies. I’ll be visiting Namibia And now I’d like to ask the Vice tive Kingsley Makhubela, who will also and Benin, as well as Cape Verde, on President to come forward to make be comitno gth e podium in justa the way back from the inaugural some acknowledgments and some moment; and other distinguished events. remarks and to talk a little about the guests, including the members of the Even as we focus today on assis- historic trip that the American delega- Presidential delegation, composed of tance to South Africa, we are mindful tion he will lead is about to make. extraordinary individuals who contrib- of the importance of encouraging Mr. Vice President. uted in a very personal way to the development throughout Southern Vice President Gore. Thank you magnificent transformation taking Africa and beyond. South Africa’s very much, Mr. President. May I begin place in South Africa. successful transformation will by acknowledging the presence of the Each of you here today can be support these goals and give hope delegation, which will be accompanying proud of the role that you played in to all who love freedom. The monu- the First Lady and Tipper and me to dismantling apartheid. You led the mental statesmanship demonstrated South Africa. You know from listening way in one of the great moral struggles by President-elect Mandela and to conversations among the three of us of this century. President F.W. de Klerk provides a that we’re very excited about this trip. May I say that you will be getting shining example to help restore peace It is one of the great moments in calls today—we could not call you in nations like Mozambique, Bosnia, history. earlier—inviting you to a gathering at Haiti, Rwanda, Angola, Burundi, and The last pillars of apartheid are our residence on Saturday night— elsewhere. crumbling, and three centuries of those of you who can come—for the As President-elect Mandela said injustice are coming to a close. Many delegation prior to the departure for following the four days of voting, the have brought about this moment, and South Africa. I hope that all of you will people of South Africa have been we are very excited, as I mentioned, be able to come and join us on that victorious; they have won. He also about the opportunity to witness this occasion. spoke to those around the world who transformation. There are a number of Members believe in the struggle for justice and May I acknowledge Secretary of Congress who were extremely democracy and self-government. And Espy, who is going to be joining us in instrumental in raising the level of in eloquent words he said this is your the delegation; your National Security awareness in America to the horrors victory, too. Adviser, Mr. President, Tony Lake, of apartheid. Unfortunately, due to On a personal note, I thought back who has worked tirelessly in the last key votes scheduled today on Capitol to the Sunday morning—U.S. time— 16 months and in other capacities prior Hill, these members could not join us not that many years ago, when Nelson to this Administration to help bring for this event, but they deserve special Mandela was released from prison. about this moment; and Ambassador recognition for their role in bringing Our youngest child was the only one Talbott of the State Department and us to the thresofh noew lerda in awake, and I was watching the televi- his colleague, George Moose, from the South Africa. sion, literally transfixed by the scene State Department. Mr. Ambassador, Now the hard work of nurturing unfolding in South Africa. It occurred thank you for the State Department’s democracy and strengthening free to me as a parent that—falol rch e outstanding role in bringing this about. market reform begins. South Africa times when parents have to explain There are others who are present faces a challenge more daunting than terrible, unjust horrors and tragedies that I would like to mention. The dismantling apartheid—the challenge in the world, and watch children President has already mentioned the of building a nonracial democracy and a contort their faces as they absorb the Rev. Jesse Jackson in his role as the culture of tolerance. news that there are terrible things in leader of the election-monitoring As President Clinton has made this world they’re growing up in—this group. Some of you here may not know abundantly clear, the United States of was a moment, as this inauguration will that, while there, he received special America will help. We will be there be a moment, when parents around the recognition and thanks for the manner doiounr gpar t. Our work theirs pear t worhadl thde j oy of beianblge t o in which he and the delegation he led of President Clinton’s larger strategy explain to their children the deeper contributed to this outstanding event, of enlarging the world’s community of meaningof an event that transcends and played a considerable and impor- free-market democracies in Africa and the ordinary, lifts the human spirit, tant role in helping to guaranteaen d elsewhere. and giveuss a ll hope that the greater ensure the integrity of this important capacities that lie within the human moment in history. heart can find expression in ways that 274 KR U.S. Deparoft Stmatee Dnistpat ch « May9 , 1994 Vol. 5, No. 19 reshape our world and link the horizons and give us the opportunity for a much U.S. Security Policy in Korea brighter future. On practical matters, the $600-mil- lion trade and investment package that Secretary of Defense William Perry the President announced today is the culmination of close cooperation and Address to the Asia Society, Washington, DC, May 3, 1994 commitment between the Congress and 10 executive agencies. It also continues and builds on the work initiated last fall oday I would like to talk to you foundation of sustained economic by Commerce Secretary Ron Brown, about my recent trip to Korea, growth anywhere is peace and stabil- when he led a very successful trade and and, in particular, to try to an- ity, and it is very clear that Northeast investment mission to South Africa. swer the critical question that was Asia’s peace and stability has been Brian Atwood and the U.S. Agency often posed to me on this trip and since largely the result of America’s military for International Development also this trip—that is, how is it possible to strength and its commitment to the deserve special recognition for cre- achieve a nuclear-free Korean Penin- region. The key to that commitment atively expanding the size and cont2nt sula without creating an unacceptable is the U.S. security relationship with of their investment s. For the risk of war? South Korea and with Japan. The big- first time, USAID will be working with To achieve that objective, I believe gest threat to the peace and stability the South African Government to we must focus on two critical efforts. of that region today emanates from support its development priorities. The first is a diplomatic effort. We North Korea. I’m particularly pleased in this regard must make every diplomatic move to be speaking at the USI A-sponsored to convince North Korthaet aa no n- The Threat conference on June 3 in Atlanta to nuclear Korean Peninsula is in promote business and educational Conventional Forces. North Korea everyone’s interest and, in particular, exchanges between the U.S. and South has an unreasonably large conventional in North Korea’s interest. And North Africa—June 3 and 4 in Atlanta. military force, which we estimate con- Korea must understand that the world OPIC President Ruth Harkin sumes about 25% of its gross domestic community is united in this goal. The also led a major business investment product, thereby keeping its citizens second effort is for the United States tmhirsesei onU .Sto. -SSoouutthh AAffrriiccaa na nvde natnunroeus nctehdat 2nd South Korea tob e fpirlleyp ared timapto vNeorritshh edK.o reIaf yionuv ecstosm pianr iet s tmhiel i2t5a%ry could pump millions of dollars into the i with the 3% investedb y the United >A nerw eer yomntcmneh s North Koreans take a rash action. y country’s sive Gis ave gia = North Kcrea must understand that States, South Korea, and West Euro- 0— on yh oPo e _ ll starting a war would not only be rash, i countries and the 1% invested by a ten ——- Africa it would be self-destructive. a ae oeg et Mep eg A e of chain 2. Penn Corps—and I Today North Korea threatens the wy Sy— _ : a knowledged Carol Bellamy earlier Pesandcs taebili ty of Northeast Asia, ©O mmic Copriveton. the Trade and DevelopmenAtg e which holds the world’s fastest-grow. Nt a od within 60 miles Eximbanthke,U . S.T rade Representa i economies. Btyh e fit yearso fthe Pietra som) mua Oe tm en nextc entEaust rAsiyaa ,ndt heP acific ¢ft Dhe MZa,nd m ucho thfi s = — 4 ury will likely account for about one-third riper A. Minc losing_—before asking our two of the world’s economic activitya,n d _-‘**my hast houseanods A S lr gueto jsoin tus—sin t he past week,w e Ge eaete Gaetan ty Cease mn theD ME andh ase obtehed sSeunieenneed ntheisn caatmeanndtiiloino nhiest oric etoc otnheea ieiceosn oamvei c tnheevaelntsh inogf yt heE nUpneirtteadn t Very large complement eo f special mHaarkrey hiTrsutmoarny anondcen osatit d,h eot htahte r‘ wpale Pre e pitsa tne ighbor iilitn h e ‘aan hi_nt he y Asia-Pacific region amounted to over my >e atin ay =a nd, int he Courageous men and women in sues Waa pur Can Se sambiaamantintiiones Africa, in America—many of them here US, wade with Burepe—end cimest deplocyf mtheese nfotrce s. But not- today, helped topple apartheid. The 3 million Amerijocbs adenpen d upon withe this oom chalahleaedr enquigre econtsinu ed _-«‘his trade. Theg roowfJ aptanh,S o uth Th een earnedfor ene hard work. To reiterate President Te OR Stt era ete ee of the Republic of Koraenadt he Clinton’s words, we pledge to help all nothing short of phenomenal. But the United States could decisively defeat South Africans build _ their any attack from the North. newfound freedom. U.S. Deparotf Smtatee Dnistpat ch « May9 , 1994 © Vol. 5, No. 19 4 278 Korea The deterrent value of U.S. and present at the unloarling of the reactor down previously in the absence of South Korean military forces has and to conduct the necessary proce- outside monitoring. No doubt this will maintained the peace on the Korean dures to provide safeguards that the be a long, hard process that will take Peninsula for four decades and contin- spent fuel from the reactor is not di- both steadiness and determination on ues to maintain it today. Indeed, I verted to a nuclear weapons program. our part. believe there is no danger of an immi- So we welcome this offer by the North Other Factors. Looking beyond nent military confrontation in Korea. and hope it is serious. Talakres no w this nuclear program, we must take However, during the last few years a underway between North Korea and into account North Korea’s other new development has emerged—a the IAEA to determine whether North activities. We know that they’re build- major North Korean nuclear weapons Korea will permit the IAEA to be not ing ballistic missiles of increasing range program. This program could very well only present but to conduct the inspec- and can already launch Scud missiles threaten the stability on the Korean tions they believe are necessary to against virtually any target in South Peninsula today. provide saf Korea, and they are developing longer The Nuclear Program. In dis- We understand that the techno- range missiles that could strike targets cussing this nuclear program, it is logy and the operating history of the in Japan, China, Russia, and other important to be clear about what we 25-megawatt reactor make it techni- countries in the region. Compounding know and what we don’t know about it. cally necessary to do the refueling our concern is North Korea’s history of While many elements of this program very soon, but, at the same time, it is exporting weapons technology, includ- are stil] unknown, we do know with our top priority to be sure that this ing ballistic missiles, to regions of certainty that the North Koreans have refueling does not lead to diversion instability around the world. As Tony an operational 25-megawatt nuclear of the spent fuel to reprocessing into Lake has noted, reactor, they have under construction weapons-grade plutonium. It is equally North Korea has become one of the fore- a second, 200-megawatt reactor, they important that this not become a most mercohf asucnh wteapson s. It has have a large reprocessing plant for source of new uncertainty about the sold Scud missiles to Syria and Iran, and it separating plutonium from reactor use of spent fuel. We know that the is actively marketing its next generation spent fuel; they have radio-chemistry last time the 25-megawatt reactor was of ballistic missiles. laboratories; and they have a high- unloaded, it was done without any out- explosive testing facility, all located side, independent observation. We In short, if North Korea develops nuclear weapons, we face a greatly in- in Yongbyon. We also know that don’t know how much was unloaded or creased danger that other hostile, when the 200-megawatt reactor is com- what they did with the fissile material. rogue states around the world soon will pleted in a few years, it will have the We can only estimate how much was have them also. potential to produce enough material unloaded and speculate whether or not Finally, the ruling regime of North for 10-12 nuclear bombs a year. it was diverted to a bomb program. Korea has used extreme, even shrill The most reasonable explanation The Director of Central Intelli- rhetoric—including a recent infamous for this known collection of facilities is gence, James Woolsey, has estimated threat to turn Seoul into a “sea of fire.” a nuclear weapons program, and this that the plutonium from this last un- We do not take every extreme North program has now reached a critical loading already may have been used Korean figure of speech literally, juncture. The 25-megawatt nuclear to build at least one nuclear device. but it would be imprudent not to take reactor has, as we speak, a load of We do not want this uncertainty to seriously the threat posed by North spent fuel that if reprocessed after multiply with the present refueling. Korea’s large conventional forces, being removed from the reactor would Observation of refueling is a most its nuclear weapons program, and its provide enough plutonium for four or important first atep in containing harsh rhetoric. We must also take seri- five nuclear bombs. The reactor has the North Korean nuclear program ously its stated intention of effecting a recently been shut down—a prelimi- because it assures us that the fuel is reunification of Korea on the North’s nary step needed to cool the core not reprocessed and that it stays under terms in 1995. sufficiently to conduct a refueling international observation. operation. But we need to go further than The Response North Korea has declared that simply containing this nuclear program. they intend to discharge and then We want to achieve a nuclear-free How the United States and its allies refuel the reactor, and they have in- Korean Peninsula through implementa- in the international community respond vited the [IAEA—the International tion of the South-North Denucleari- to the challenpogseed by the North Atomic Energy Agency—to be present zation Accord, which was reached Korean nuclear program will be very durthiis nprogces s. Web elieve it is last year, and through a determination important not only for the future secu- critically importafonr tth e [AEA to be of what happened to fuel that was rity of Asia but, indeed, for the entire removed when the reactor was shut 4 U.S. Deparotf Smtatee Dnistpat ch « May9 , 1994 Vol5,. No . 19 Korea world. Our response to this challenge At the other end of the spectrum its relations with the rest of the world. now will be a benchmark for respond- would be the application of military We strongly urge North Korea to take ing to possible similar challenges in the pressure, but even limited application the responsible path—to cooperate and future. of military pressure entails the risk of forgo its nuclear ambitions. There are basically three ways that a large-scale war. Although we will If doing the right thing doesn’t the United States and its allies can deal not rule out any option for all time, motivate North Korea, then perhaps with the threat posed by North Korea’s this course should only be considered a simple cost-benefit analysis will. If nuclear program. First, and quite obvi- when all other possibilities have been the North is williton lgiv e up to its ously, we could do nothing; second, we exhausted. international and bilateral nuclear could apply military pressure; and That leads us, then, to President obligations, we have made it clear third, we could pursue a strategy to Clinton’s strategy, which is diplomacy that both we and our allies are pre- persuade North Korea that it is in their combined with military preparedness. pared to move toward more normal best interest to give up their nuclear The objectives of the President’s political and economic relations with weapons program. strategy are quite clear. We want the North. That means much-needed The first option truly is untenable. North Korea to comply fully with the economic assistance for its moribund Whatever dangers we face now in nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and economy and gradual integration into dealing with North Korea’s nuclear the South-North Denuclearization the wider Asian community. The programs, the dangers will be com- Accord. The overall goal is a non- North would no longer find itself inter- pounded two or three years from now if nuclear Korean Peninsula and a strong nationally isolated and increasingly North Korea actually is able to produce international non-proliferation regime. impoverished. Its security posture enough plutonium to fabricate nuclear would actually be much improved. WhIsa at tStak e. I belieivte i s weapons at a rate of about a dozen a All of these benefits would help North important to understand just what is year—a number which is compatible Korea and its people much more than at stake. First and foremost is the with the size oft he facilities we see any nuclear weapons program. This is denuclearization of the Korean Penin- being constructed. a truly positive vision, and we hope sula. This is a win-win scenario for It is not satisfactory to say, as that the North will embrace it. both the North and the South. Iti s some have argued, that we could Kim I] Sung recently declared that obvious what is at stake for the South. accept such a program and seek to North Korea has no nuclear bombs, no Less obvious is what is at stake for the deter North Korea from actual use desitor meak e nuclear bombs, and no North. of its nuclear arsenal as we deterred secrets about such activities. There is The answer is a hell of a lot. The the Soviet Union during the Cold an easy way for him to convince the United States, after close consultation War. For even assuming that we world of this—by fulfilling North with the Republic of Korea and Japan, could reliably deter actual use of Korea’s commitments to the IAEA, has agreed to pursue a broad and thor- North Korea’s nuclear weapons, an letting the inspections go forward, and ough approach in negotiations with unchecked nuclear capability—coupled implementing the North-South accord North Korea, if we get back to the with North Korea’s large conventional to denuclearize the peninsula. negotiating table. What “broad and military forces—could put North Ko- Diplomatic Efforts. Achieving thorough” means in non-diplomatic rea in a position to subject South Korea our diplomatic goal—a nuclear-free jargon is that the United States is fully to extortion in establishing its terms Korean Peninsula without conflict— prepared to discuss with the North for unification. It couid undermine will require solidarity with our allies. not just the nuclear issue that is of con- the security of the whole Northeast We've been working with great energy cern to us but the full range of issues Asia region and tempt other countries to build an international coalition , of concern to them and to us—diplo- to seek their own nuclear weapons in through the United Nations to address matic, political, economic, and security. self-defense. And, as I have mentioned, the North Korean nuclear problem. It also means that we are ready to a nuclear North Korea could be in a We've also been working closely with move rapicly to resolve these issues position to export nuclear technologies South Korea and Japan and consulting and not get bogged down in endless and weapons to terrorist or rogue with Russia, China, and others that haggling over minor issues. regimes around the world, unleashing have a stake in preserving regional We invite North Korea to join the a nightmare spread of nuclear threats stability and preventing nuclear prolif- community of nations, and we're pre- Thus, the North Korean nuclear weap- eration. On my recent trip, I discussed patro weorkd wi th North Korea to ons program is, in the long term, this issue with the leaders in South help make that happen. Thus, North a problem not just for the region but Korea and Japan, including @1e Presi- Korea is at a crossnroto juast dons t he for the entire world. These consider- dent of South Korea and the Prime nuclear issue but also on the future of ations make doing nothing an untenable Minister of Japan. I can report full option. solidarity with both of these important U.S. Deparoft Stmatee Dnisptatc h « May9 , 1994 © Vol 5, No. 19 Y) Korea allies. This is absolutely essential. If adequate [AEA monitoring of the These Republic of Korea forces are North Korea were to perceive any spent fuel rods it will remove from supplemented by about 100,000 U.S. daylight between our positions, it the 25-megawatt reactor—the issue military forces in the Western Pacific, would harm our negotiations, and it would return to the United Nations, including a well-trained, well-equipped, could tempt North Korea toward mili- where the U.S. and others would con- and highly professional military force in tary options. sider appropriate steps, including South Korea of about 37,000 personnel. To focus our efforts, the Assistant sanctions. I believe that such an ap- Their job is to help deter North Korean Secretary of State for Politico-Military proach will be supported by the aggression, to help defend South Korea Affairs, Robert Gallucci, has been des- Republic of Korea and the world ifd eterrence fails, and to build South ignated the interagency coordinator community. Korea’s defense capabilities through for Korea. He is the point man for We believe this response would be combined training. It is a tough, de- dealing with the North Koreans, and commensurate with the problem posed manding job that for most of our forces he joined me in my meetings with the by North Korea’s refusal, and it would over there means a year’s separation South Koreans and the Japanese—a be done with no intention of being pro- from their families. sign of the close relationship between vocative. However, North Korea has I also met with some of our forces our diplomatic efforts and our military stated that the imposition of sanctions during my trip—in particular, the 2nd preparedness. As we view our diplo- would be equivalent to a declaration of Infantry Division of the U.S. Army matic efforts in light of the alternatives war. This is probably another example and commanders from the 7th Air I have described, we must make every of excessive North Korean rhetoric, Force and 10th Fighter Wing of the effort to see that this strategy suc- but, as Secretary of Defense, I have a U.S. Air Force. These units are at the ceeds. That means that in dealing with responsibility to provide for the ad- peak of readiness and are training con- a country such as North Korea we equate readiness of U.S. military forces stantly, and we are giving them the should expect our negotiations to be in the face of such threats. tools to perform their mission. We difficult, often confrontational, and Force Readiness. Our forces have have underway a systematic modern- probabiy protracted. To be successful, been, are, and will be ready to meet ization program for our forces in Korea. we will have to be clear and firm in our any contingency. It is vital that we This program includes equipment such goals and objectives, flexible and cre- continue to maintain a strong U.S. and as the Patriot system, which we ative in our negotiating tactics—and South Korean defense capability on the recently deployed to provide us with remain calm through it all. peninsula to dissuade the North from a point-defense system to protect tar- Critics who often call for what may acting rashly. We cannot take any gets such as airfields and ports against seem to be a quick and easy solution chances on this. We have to be pre- the Scud missile threat. I met with or who deplore the give and take essen- pared to help South Korea defend the battalion commander and his staff tial to any negotiation will certainly be itself, as we have for more than 40 last week at one of the new sites at frustrated. And those who deny the years. Based on my recent trip, I can which the equipment was being in- reality or severity of the problem and, report that we are fully prepared to stalled. The Patriot batteries are consequently, the acceptability of tak- do so. all now operational, ready to defend ing any risk to contain and reverse it I note that the bulk of South designated areas. In addition, we are will be unhappy. But those who Korea’s defense comes from South replacing the Cobra attack helicopter bear responsibility both for making Korea. Today it fields a potent military with AH-64 Apaches, we are replacing policy and for its consequences should, force of about 650,000 active duty per- the M-113 armored personnel carriers for the good of the nation, weather the sonnel backed up by more than 200,000 with Bradley fighting vehicles, and criticism and vigorously pursue this ready reservists. Last week, I visited we're significantly increasing our intel- diplomatic course. the First Infantry Division of the ligence assets. President Clinton has correctly South Korean Army, which is located All of this gives the combined U.S.- noted that our goal is not endless dis- at the tip of the spear, as they say, Republic of Korea forces a formidable cussions but certifiable compliance. If between Seoul and the Demilitarized military capability, but they would still the international community cannot Zone. I can say with some personal be outnumbered by North Korean convince North Korea to honor its non- confidence that South Korea’s forces forces. Therefore, should conflict occur proliferation commitments, the UN are well trained, well led, and highly or even seem imminent, the U.S. forces Security Council again will take up the motivated. Their equipment is gener- now in Korea would be swiftly rein- issue, and the North will face increas- ally of high quality, and they have forced by U.S. combat aircraft and ing pressure in the form of sanctions. important modernization programs additional U.S. naval and ground In particular, if North Korea were well underway. forces. Thise reinforcements are in- to break the continuity of safeguards— tended to deal directly and rapidly with for example, by refusing to allow threats posed to the in-country forces. Lb U.S. DeparotfS mtatee Dnistpat ch ¢ May9 ,1 994 Vol. 5, No. 19 Korea The primary threats to the com- scheduled. Team Spirit 94 was put on the capability of producing a nuclear bined U.S.-Republic of Korea forces the negotiating table last February as arsenal or the risk inherent in not are the large concentration of North part of ac omplex package to induce maintaining the readiness of our forces. Korean tanks and artillery and the North Korea to live up to its IAEA and The Chinese have a proverb—main- numerical advantage in forward- North-South dialogue commitments. tain an army for a thousand days in deployed infantry forces combined with When North Korea reneged on those order to employ it for one day. I would the tactical advantage of a short-warn- commitments, we decided—with the modify that by saying that we want to ing attack. U.S. and Republic of Korea Republic of Korea—to reschedule maintain a sufficient defense so that forces, on the other hand, have a dis- Team Spirit. It could be suspended they never will be employed, because tinct advantage in tactical air, in again if there is satisfactory progress we all recognize that a war would re- training, command and control, and in on the outstanding issues. Absent that sult in heavy casualties and widespread the potential for reinforcement. progress, however, Team Spirit ’94 destruction. During my visit, I discussed with will be held this November. With this posture, I have confidence the combined forces commander, Gen- North Korea has no reasonable that we can achieve a non-nuclear eral Gary Luck, the strategy he has basis to regard such measures as pro- Korean Peninsula without a war. Cer- developed to maximize our advantages vocative. In fact, they are all strictly tainly, we will not initiate a war with and offset the advantages of the North defensive measures intended to protect North Korea. Moreover, we will not Koreans. For obvious reasons, [ cannot South Korea and our forces from an un- provoke a war with North Korea by discuss the details of this strategy, but provoked attack, and they are entirely rash actions now or later. But we will I can tell you that I have developed capable of providing that protection. not invite war by neglecting appropri- complete confidence both in our com- There can be no doubt that the com- ate defense preparations. We have manders and in the strategy they have bined U.S.-Republic of Korea forces fought one devastating war on the Ko- developed. would decisively and rapidly defeat any rean Peninsula in this century; we do Team Spirit Exercises. During attack from the North. not want to fight another. Arguably, the last few months, much has been the North Koreans initiated their at- made of the U.S.-South Korean exer- Conclusion tack in 1950 because they miscalculated cise called Team Spirit. The Team the political will of the United States We must understand that every Spirit exercises are purely defensive. and because they observed a lack of course of action we could take has They improve our ability to defend military preparedness in the South. consequences. Acquiescing now to South Korea by testing our ability to Today there can be no confusion an active North Korean nuclear pro- reinforce, re-equip, and resupply U.S. about the solidarity between the gram would invite a future crisis. and South Korean forces in the event United States and South Korea and Taking military action now would in- of an attack from the North. They are the resolve of the United States to vite an immediate crisis. Even the part of an extensive and continuing defend South Korea. There also can course we’ve chosen—a course which program of U.S.-South Korea coopera- be no confusion about the military combines diplomacy with military pre- tion and joint activity for military of the combined U.S.- paredness—is not entirely free of risk. preparedness. Successive U.S. admin- Republic of Korea military forces and It is possible that North Korea could istrations have agreed with their South their ability to decisively defeat any misperceive these efforts as provoca- Korean counterparts on supporting attack from the North. Therefore, we tions. We must face that possibility, Team Spirit, but they have also recog- and North Korea should put our prior- comparthiatn gris k to the far greater nized that it can be an appropriate ity on removing this nuclear program, risk of letting North Korea develop subject of diplomacy in the context of which threatens the peace and stability progress on the nuclear issue. in Korea, and then focuson buildinagn For example, Team Spirit 92 was economically strong peninsula based on cancelled to encourage the progress in this stability. @ the nuclear negotiations with North Korea. Team Spirit 93 was held as US. DeparotfS tmateeD inspattch ©M ay9,1994* Vol§,No 19 = ‘7 We must not lose it. That is why the United Stetes isp ursuai vanriget y Promoting Democracy and of mutually reinforpolciciiens gan d prowhgose rgoaal ism to nsurtu re, Prospien rCenitratl yAs ia protect, and sustain market democra- cies througthheo wuortlcl . In partic- Acting Secretary Talbott ular, we are focusing on tiose areas of the globe where success i one country or region will have an influence on Address at the U.S.-Central Asia Business Conference, surrounding areas. Our supporfto r Washington, DC, May 3, 1994 (introductory remarks deieted) reform in Russia reflects that strategy as do our efforts on behalf’ of a multira- hat | would like is to focusi n systems are still only half-formed and cial democin rSouathc Afyric a. The W my remarks on the broader fragile. Everyin othins eroo m todayis theheroe irs syimpl e: If1eform goals and strategy of the well aware that the transition to succeeds in Russia, it is more likely to Clinton Administration’s foreign market de will not be easy for succeed among Russia’s neighbors. policy—and the place that the Repub- any oft he nations of Central Asia—nor, By the same token, if racial harmony lics of Central Asia play in our thinking indeed, for any of the nations emerging and demococme rto aSoutch Ayfri ca, about the world as a whole. from the former Soviet Union and that country could go from being a In the post-Cold War era, the Warsaw Pact. There will be stumbles pariah on the continent to a model for working principles that have shaped and setbacks along the way. In others to make the transition. This America—democracy and market Tajifkor iinstsancte, atherne w,ill be economics—are gaining ever broader little progress on the economic or for the development of market democ- acceptance around the globe. The political front until the civil war in rainc thye N ew Independent States victofo frreeydom is not just ideologi- that counits rendyed . of Central Asia. cal—it has important practical benefits In the West, we also recognitzhea t Central Asia is a gateway to three as well. People on every continent—in the legacy of 70 years of communist reg.ons that are of great strategic countries ranging from Chile to South reprweills nost bie oovernco me importantco eth e United States: To Africa, from Poland to South Korea— instantly. But for their part, the the east lie China and the rest of Asia; have over recent years and decades leaders of Central Asia must recognize to the south lie Iran, Afghanistana,n d come to the conclusion, based on their that if their states are to join the the Islamic world; to the west and own hard experience, that democracy comomf duemocrnatici nattionsy, th ere north lie Russia and Europe. More- and markets are the most productive must be steady progress toward free over, in its own right, Central Asia is ways to organize their lives. and fair elections; respect for the right a region of vast natural and human Market democracy makes not only of citizens to form political parties; and resoofferuing rthec poteentisal for for prosperous citizens but for safe for freedom of speech, press, and the prosopf iets orwni petoplye a nd neighbors as well. History shows us religion. With each of the nations of benefits for American entrepreneurs that market democracies tend not to Central Asia, as well as all other with the foresight to do business there. go to war with one another, they tend couonf thte worrldi, ouer bislate ral The mineral deposits inU zbekistan not to sponsor terrorist acts against relations will be significaanfftelctye d alone are estitmo haavte ae madrk et each other; and they are more likely to by how these nations respect—and value of $3 trillion, and Turkmenistan be reliable trading partners, to protect protebasicc rtigh—ts atnd hfreeedo ms produces 865 billion cubic meters of the global environment, and to respect of their citizens. Durithnis glo ng natugars aa ylea r. international law. In short, market tranperisod, iwe twilli staoy wnith the As I said, in addittoi noatunra l democracies are the kind of friends refaond wre wmill bee ars perssist ent resothuerer arce aelso sim,men se and stable partners that the U.S. and patiase thneyt ar e. Anwde a re human resources. I’m thinkionf gth e Government and U.S. businesses optiaboumt tiheirs evetntuail scucce ss. research skills available from the pool seek throughout the world. That is because the common denomina- of scientists affilwiitah tthee mdan y But while democracy and market tor ofd emoacndr thae mcaryket — prominent institutions that were part economics are ascendant in this new freedom—has universal appeal. of the former Soviet Academy of era, they are not yet everywhere The end of the Cold War has Sciences system. We here in Washing- triumphant. In many nations which brought about a moment of immense ton think of PresiAkdayeev nast t he have begun the transition, these democandr enatretpreinecuri al “Thomas Jeffeof rKyrsgyozstnan,” a nd opportunity. We must not waste it. x U.S. Deparoft Stmatee Dnisptatc h « May9 , 1994 Voi. 5, No. 19

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