Disorders of the Shoulder: Diagnosis and Management (2 Volume Set) PDF
Preview Disorders of the Shoulder: Diagnosis and Management (2 Volume Set)
GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 6/15/06 5:23 PM Page i quark4 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: Disorders of the Shoulder Diagnosis & Management SECOND EDITION GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 3/6/06 1:33 AM Page ii Quark01A 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 6/15/06 5:23 PM Page iii quark4 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: VOLUME 1 Disorders of the Shoulder Diagnosis & Management SECOND EDITION EDITORS JOSEPH P. IANNOTTI, MD, PHD Maynard Madden Professor and Chairman Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio GERALD R. WILLIAMS, JR., MD Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pennsylvania Chief, Orthopaedic Surgery Penn Presbyterian Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 3/6/06 1:33 AM Page iv Quark01A 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: Acquisitions Editor: Robert Hurley Managing Editor: Jenny Koleth/Michelle LaPlante Marketing Director: Sharon Zinner Project Manager: Nicole Walz Manufacturing Coordinator: Kathy Brown Design Coordinator: Terry Mallon Cover Designer: Larry Didona Production Services: TechBooks Printer: R.R. Donnelley, Hong Kong ©2007 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a Wolters Kluwer business ©1 9 9 9 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 530 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA LWW.com All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in the USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Disorders of the shoulder : diagnosis and management / editors, Joseph P. Iannotti, Gerald R. Williams Jr. — 2 nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 -7 8 1 7 -5 6 7 8 -2 ( alk. paper) 1 . Shoulder— Surgery. 2 . Shoulder— Diseases. I. Iannotti, Joseph P. II. Williams, Gerald R., 1 9 5 8 - [DNLM: 1 . Shoulder— surgery. 2 . Joint Diseases— diagnosis. 3 . Joint Diseases— surgery. 4 . Shoulder Joint— surgery. WE 8 1 0 D6 1 2 2 0 0 7 ] RD5 5 7 .5 .D5 6 2 0 0 7 6 1 7 .5 '7 2 — dc2 2 2 0 0 6 0 1 4 8 8 6 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommen- dations and practice at the time of publication. 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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8 :3 0 am to 6 pm, EST. 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 3/6/06 1:33 AM Page v Quark01A 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: To my son, Matthew, and my father, Frank, for their never-ending support. To my col- league and best friend, Jerry Williams. —Joseph P. Iannotti To all of my teachers, especially Charles A. Rockwood, Jr., M.D., for their wisdom and patience. To my friend and trusted colleague, Joseph Iannotti M.D., Ph.D., without whom my professional journey would be incomplete. To my family, especially my wife, Robin, and my children, Mark and Alexis, for the love and support we share with each other. —Gerald R. Williams, Jr. GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 3/6/06 1:33 AM Page vi Quark01A 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 3/6/06 1:33 AM Page vii Quark01A 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: Contents Contributors ix 11 Diagnosis of Glenohumeral Instability 339 Preface xiii Jerry S. Sher, Jonathan C. Levy, Joseph P. Iannotti, and Gerald R. Williams, Jr. VOLUME 1 12 Anterior and Anteroinferior Instability: Open and Arthroscopic Management 369 Anthony Miniaci, David E. Haynes, PART I: ROTATOR CUFF DISEASE AND Gerald R. Williams, Jr., and Joseph P. Iannotti TENDON RUPTURES 1 13 Posterior Instability: Open and Arthroscopic 1 Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Pathophysiology Management 401 of Rotator Cuff Disease 3 Matthew L. Ramsey and Jeffrey S. Abrams David L. Glaser, Jerry S. Sher, Eric T. Ricchetti, Gerald R. Williams, Jr., and Louis J. Soslowsky 14 Multidirectional Instability: Open and Arthroscopic Management 433 2 Diagnosis, Patient Selection, and Clinical John J. Brems and Felix H. Savoie, III Decision Making 39 Allen Deutsch, Matthew L. Ramsey, and Joseph P. Iannotti 15 Chronic Dislocations 461 Sean M. Griggs, G. Brian Holloway, 3 Management of Rotator Cuff Disease: Intact and Gerald R. Williams, Jr., and Joseph P. Iannotti Repairable Cuff 53 Joseph P. Iannotti, Michael J. Codsi, Laurent Lafosse, 16 Complications of Instability Surgery 487 and Evan L. Flatow Mark D. Lazarus and Michael Walsh 4 Management of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: The Role of Tendon Transfer 101 John G. Costouros, Christian Gerber, and Jon J.P. Warner PART III: FROZEN SHOULDER 5 3 9 5 Complications of Rotator Cuff Surgery 147 17 Diagnosis and Management of the Stiff Brian D. Cameron, Gerald R. Williams, Jr., and Shoulder 541 Joseph P. Iannotti Frances Cuomo and G. Brian Holloway 6 Calcifying Tendinitis 185 Shawn P. Hennigan and Anthony A. Romeo PART IV: GLENOHUMERAL 7 Disorders of the Biceps Tendon 217 JOINT ARTHRITIS AND RELATED Ken Yamaguchi, Jay Keener, and Leesa M. Galatz DISORDERS 5 6 1 8 Traumatic Muscle Ruptures 261 18 Pathophysiology, Classification, and Donald F. D’Alessandro, Patrick M. Connor, Pathoanatomy of Glenohumeral Arthritis and Marshall A. Kuremsky and Related Disorders 563 David N. Collins PART II: GLENOHUMERAL 19 Biomechanics of the Glenohumeral Joint: INSTABILITY 2 7 9 Influence on Shoulder Arthroplasty 633 Gerald R. Williams, Jr., and Joseph P. Iannotti 9 Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Pathophysiology of Glenohumeral Instability 281 20 Alternatives to Replacement Arthroplasty for Brian J. Cole, Clifford G. Rios, Augustus D. Mazzocca, Glenohumeral Arthritis 655 and Jon J.P. Warner Sumant G. Krishnan, David C. Harkins, and Wayne Z. Burkhead, Jr. 10 Biomechanics and Pathologic Lesions in the Overhead Athlete 313 21 Glenohumeral Arthrodesis 675 Patrick J. McMahon, Thay Q. Lee, and James E. Tibone Robin R. Richards GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 3/6/06 1:33 AM Page viii Quark01A 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: v iii Contents VOLUME 2 PART VII: NEUROMUSCULAR AND SCAPULOTHORACIC DISORDERS 10 5 5 22 Unconstrained Prosthetic Arthroplasty for 34 The Scapulothoracic Articulation: Glenohumeral Arthritis with an Intact or Anatomy, Biomechanics, Pathophysiology, Repairable Rotator Cuff: Indications, Techniques, and Management 1057 and Results 697 John E. Kuhn Gerald R. Williams, Jr. and Joseph P. Iannotti 35 Injuries of the Brachial Plexus 1087 23 Cuff Deficiency Arthropathy: Unconstrained and Scott H. Kozin Constrained Shoulder Arthroplasty 727 Ori Safran, Ludwig Seebauer, and Joseph P. Iannotti 36 Suprascapular and Axillary Nerve Injuries 1135 24 Complications of Shoulder Arthroplasty 753 Young W. Kwon and Stephen A. Hunt John W. Sperling and Robert H. Cofield 25 Techniques for Revision Arthroplasty: Management of Bone and Soft Tissue Loss 773 PART VIII: NEOPLASIA AND Michael J. Codsi and Joseph P. Iannotti INFECTION 115 5 37 Tumors of the Shoulder Girdle 1157 PART V: FRACTURES 7 9 1 Martin M. Malawer, James C. Wittig, and Kristen KellarGraney 26 Fractures of the Scapula: Diagnosis and Treatment 793 38 Sepsis of the Shoulder Girdle 1201 Thomas P. Goss and Brett D. Owens Wudbhav N. Sankar and John L. Esterhai, Jr. 27 Fractures of the Proximal Humerus: Classification, Diagnosis, and Nonoperative Management 841 Joseph D. Zuckerman and Deenesh T. Sahajpal PART IX : REHABILITATION AND OUTCOME MEASURES 12 3 3 28 Minimally Invasive Techniques for Proximal Humeral Fractures 873 39 General Techniques of Shoulder Leesa M. Galatz and Hyun Min Kim Rehabilitation 1235 Martin J. Kelley, Brian G. Leggin, and 29 Hemiarthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Kenneth J. Rogers Fractures 889 Michael A. Wirth, Zachary R. Leitze, and 40 Disease-Specific Methods of Charles A. Rockwood, Jr. Rehabilitation 1265 Brian G. Leggin and Martin J. Kelley 30 Malunions, Nonunions, and Other Complications of Proximal Humerus Fractures 907 41 Measurement of Shoulder Outcomes 1295 Todd F. Ritzman and Joseph P. Iannotti Brian G. Leggin, Joseph P. Iannotti, and Gerald R. Williams, Jr. 31 Fractures of the Clavicle 943 Jonas Andermahr, David C. Ring, and Jesse B. Jupiter PART X : PAIN MANAGEMENT 13 17 PART VI: ACROMIOCLAVICULAR AND 42 Medical Management of Chronic Shoulder STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINTS 9 7 7 Pain 1319 32 Disorders of the Acromioclavicular Joint: Samer N. Narouze and Nagy A. Mekhail Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management 979 43 Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery 1347 Gordon W. Nuber and Laurent Lafosse Michael P. Smith, Robert Helfand, and 33 Disorders of the Sternoclavicular Joint: Pathophysi- John E. Tetzlaff ology, Diagnosis, and Management 1007 Edwin E. Spencer, Jr., Michael A. Wirth, and Charles A. Rockwood, Jr. Index I–1 GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 6/15/06 5:23 PM Page ix quark4 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: Contributors JEFFREY S. ABRAMS, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Carolina Medical Center Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon Mayo Clinic Charlotte, North Carolina Department of Surgery Rochester, Minnesota University Medical Center at Princeton ALLEN DEUTSCH, MD BRIAN J. COLE, MD, MBA Associate Medical Director Clinical Assistant Professor Associate Professor Princeton Orthopaedic & Rehabilitative Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopedics; Anatomy Associates Baylor College of Medicine and Cell Biology Princeton, New Jersey Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Kelsey-Seybold Clinic JONAS ANDERMAHR, MD Chicago, Illinois St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Associate Professor Houston, Texas DAVID N. COLLINS, MD Clinic for Trauma, Orthopedic, University of Arkansas for Medical Hand and Reconstructive Surgery JOHN L. ESTERHAI, JR., MD Sciences University of Cologne Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Arkansas Specialty Orthopaedics Consultant University of Pennsylvania School of Little Rock, Arkansas Clinic of University of Cologne Medicine Cologne, Germany PATRICK M. CONNOR, MD Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery The Shoulder and Elbow Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery JOHN J. BREMS, MD The Sports Medicine Center Hospital of the University of Director, Shoulder Fellowship Ortho Carolina Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Surgery Clinical Faculty Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Cleveland, Ohio Carolina Medical Center EVAN L. FLATOW, MD Charlotte, North Carolina Lasker Professor and Interim Chair WAYNE Z. BURKHEAD, JR., MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Clinical Professor JOHN G. COSTOUROS, MD Chief of Shoulder Surgery Department of Orthopaedics Clinical Instructor Mount Sinai Medical Center UT Southwestern Medical School Department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York, New York Physician Harvard Medical School Department of Orthopaedics Clinical Instructor LEESA M. GALATZ, MD The Carrell Clinic Harvard Shoulder Service Assistant Professor Dallas, Texas Massachusetts General Hospital Orthopaedic Surgery Boston, Massachusetts Washington University School BRIAN D. CAMERON, MD of Medicine Orthopedic Surgeon FRANCES CUOMO, MD St. Louis, Missouri Proliance Surgeons Assistant Professor Edmonds Orthopedic Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery CHRISTIAN GERBER, MD, FRCSED Edmonds, Washington Albert Einstein School of Medicine Professor and Chairman Bronx, New York MICHAEL J. CODSI, MD Chief, Shoulder Service Department of Orthopaedics Staff Physician Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Zürich Orthopaedic Surgery Beth Isreal Medical Center Zürich, Switzerland Cleveland Clinic Foundation New York, New York Cleveland, Ohio DAVID L. GLASER, MD DONALD F. D’ALESSANDRO, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery ROBERT H. COFIELD, MD Associate University of Pennsylvania School of Professor Shoulder and Elbow Center Medicine Department of Orthopaedics Ortho Carolina Penn Orthopaedic Institute Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Chief Penn-Presbyterian Medical Center Consultant Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Philadelphia, Pennsylvania GRBQ110-2490G-V1-FM.qxd 6/15/06 5:23 PM Page x quark4 27B:GRBQ110:Chapters:FM: x Contributors THOMAS P. GOSS, MD JOSEPH P. IANNOTTI, MD, PHD JOHN E. KUHN, MD, MS Professor of Orthopedic Surgery Maynard Madden Professor and Chief of Shoulder Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical Chairman Associate Professor School Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopaedics and Attending Orthopedic Surgeon Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Rehabilitation Department of Orthopedic Surgery Medicine Vanderbilt University University of Massachusetts Memorial Case Western Reserve University Nashville, Tennessee Health Care The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Worcester, Massachusetts Cleveland, Ohio MARSHALL A. KUREMSKY, MD Resident KRISTEN KELLAR GRANEY, MS JESSE B. JUPITER, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Interdisciplinary Tumor Biology Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Carolinas Medical Center Program Harvard Medical School Charlotte, North Carolina Georgetown University Director, Hand & Upper Limb Service Clinical Researcher Massachusetts General Hospital YOUNG W. KWON, MD, PHD Department of Orthopedic Oncology Boston, Massachusetts Assistant Professor Washington Hospital Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington, District of Columbia MARTIN J. KELLY, PT, DPT New York University School Musculoskeletal Team Leader of Medicine SEAN M. GRIGGS, MD Occupational Therapy/Physical Attending Surgeon Hand Surgery Associates Therapy Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Denver, Colorado Penn-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York University Hospital for Joint University of Pennsylvania Diseases DAVID C. HARKINS, DO Philadelphia, Pennsylvania New York, New York Providence Orthopedics and Sports JAY D. KEENER, MD Medicine LAURENT LAFOSSE, MD Assistant Professor Monroe, Georgia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Clinique Generale University of North Carolina Annecy, France DAVID E. HAYNES, MD Chapel Hill, North Carolina Orthopaedic Surgeon MARK D. LAZARUS, MD Southwest Sports Medicine and HYUN-MIN KIM, MD Associate Professor Orthopaedics Postdoctoral Research Associate Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgeon Department of Orthopaedic Thomas Jefferson University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Surgery Shoulder and Elbow Service Providence Health Center Washington University The Rothman Institute at Jefferson Waco, Texas Research Fellow Department of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Surgery ROBERT HELFAND, MD Barnes-Jewish Hospital THAY Q. LEE, PHD Chief St. Louis, Missouri Professor and Vice Chairman for Orthopaedic Anesthesia Section Research Department of Anesthesia SCOTT H. KOZIN, MD Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Cleveland Clinic Foundation Associate Professor Engineering Cleveland, Ohio Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, Irvine Temple University Orange, California SHAWN P. HENNIGAN, MD Director Research Career Scientist Attending Surgeon Upper Extremity Center of Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory Bay Care Clinic Orthopaedic Surgery Excellence VA Long Beach Healthcare System Aurora Bay Care Medical Center Shrines Hospital for Children Long Beach, California Green Bay, Wisconsin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania BRIAN G. LEGGIN, PT, MS, OSC G. BRIAN HOLLOWAY, MD SUMANT G. KRISHNAN, MD Clinical Specialist Shoulder and Elbow Center Clinical Assistant Professor Penn Therapy and Fitness Knoxville Orthopaedic Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Penn Presbyterian Medical Center Knoxville, Tennessee University of Texas Southwestern Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Medical Center STEPHEN A. HUNT, MD Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon ZACHARY R. LEITZE, MD Clinical Fellow Shoulder and Elbow Service Department of Orthopaedics Steadman-Hawkins Clinic The Carrell Clinic Dixie Regional Medical Center Vail, Colorado Dallas, Texas St. George, Utah
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