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DISCOURSE NETWORKS 2000; A HYPERICONOMY by MARCEL O’GORMAN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1998 Copyright1998 by MarcelO’Gorman ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thisdissertationrepresentstheculminationofoneindividual’spursuitfora practicalwayofturningtheimaginationintosomethingcommunicable,bothinthesense of“easilycommunicated”and“easilytransmitted,”asinavirus.Perhapsitisthe romanticnatureofthisidealthatsustainedtheauthorthroughthecompositionofthe manuscript,carryinghimbeyondthestigmawhichtheword“romantic”hasaccruedin critical/theoreticalcircles.Morelikely,however,itismywife,Beth,whosustainedme. Aseditor,harshcritic,co-conspirator,andinventorofunboundmodesofdiscourse,Beth helpedmaintainmysanity,groundingmeduringdeliriouslinesofflight,andsettingme aloftwhentheoverwhelmingonslaughtofdiscoursenetworksgroundmeintoparalysis. Thisprojectwouldnothavebeenpossible,ofcourse,withouttheheureticand heuristicguidanceofmyadvisor,mentor,andShaman,GregUlmer.Greg’sunyielding confidenceinmywork,andhisconstantprodding,havetaughtmetotransgressthe boundariesofcriticism,theory,andart,balancingtheprovocativeenergyofanavant- gardiste,andtheunderstandingreserveofahumanist. Forprovokingtheavant-gardeinme,ImustalsothankStephenGibb,whose grotesquepaintingshavebecomeinternalizedasmyownpsychic,imagerepertoire.And myhumanistsidemustbeattributedtomyparents,BernardandJoyce;theirundying confidenceinme,theirsupportofmymostesoteric,intellectualmachinations,andtheir iii fruitfulrearingofeightchildren,areproofpositiveoftheirfaithinthedevelopmentofthe humanmind. Finally,Imustthankmymostrecentlyindoctrinatedsupporter,whosesilent presenceconductedmesteadilythroughtheentirecompositionofthemanuscript.Fora periodofninemonths,sheandthedissertationgestatedsimultaneously.Icouldnothave askedforamorebeautifulandinspiringimpetusthanSophia,mywisemifse. IV TABLEOFCONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LISTOFFIGURES vii ABSTRACT ix INTRODUCTION 1 TranslationProblems;InDefenseofDiscourseNetworks 1 Nonsense 7 TheChapters 11 CHAPTER1:ADISCOURSE2000 22 TheInvisibleAppliance 22 ResPublicaLitteraria 25 ThePictorialTurn 34 PictureTheory 40 PicturingTheory 51 CHAPTER2:THEHYPERICONICDE-VISE 61 Hypericonomy 61 ConsolidationandRestitution 68 W.J.T.Mitchell-Hypericon,Metapicture,Imagetext 68 ErwinPanofsky-SyntheticIntuition 71 C.G.Jung-Archetype 74 ClaudeLevi-Strauss-Myth 75 RolandBarthes-BourgeoisMyth 77 Conduction 81 Ramism:DialecticforLittleBoys 84 LogicContainers 87 TheConvergenceofLogicalMethodandPrintTechnology 90 TheNePlusUltraofWritingSpaces 93 WilliamBlake:ADialecticofDialecticsforEveryChild 94 Onthe“Contraries”:PrintingintheInfernalMethod 97 Digitizationand“Blockheads” 102 V 05 Children’sEducationintheAgeofBlake 107 Children’sVision 11 TheNurse’sViceA^ise 11 CHAPTER3:FROMLOOPTOLOUPE:ELECTRONICWRITINGAND DN2000 120 VisualizationandIntelligence 120 Figure/Ground1:TheOpticalUnconscious 129 Figure/Ground2:Children’sLiterature 134 Figure/Ground3:ElectronicWriting 137 Figure/Ground4:1\0 143 ThePlaceofEscape 166 CONCLUSIONORTHEREMAINDER 167 LinguisticSlaveryandItsEradication 167 Treesvs.Roots-StructuralRemainder 172 Printvs.Electronic-TechnologicalRemainder 174 Textvs.Picture-RepresentationalRemainder 179 TheGoodSenseofNonsense 184 WORKSCITED 187 BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 193 VI 9 LISTOFFIGURES Figure page I1--1 StephenGibb,EyeSocketorBroncheI'oeil(1989).CourtesyoftheArtist 22 1-2 SchoolofPierodellaFrancesca,ViewofanIdealC//V(1470?).Urbino,Palazzo Ducale 40 21--3 PaulCezanne,Mont.Ste.Victoire(\906).Kunsthaus,Zurich 41 1-4 ReneMagritte,Latrahisondesimages.©C.Hersovici,ARS,NewYork 48 1-5 ReneMagritte,Lesdeuxmysteres.©C.Hersovici/ARS,NewYork 50 11--76 FFrraannkkSStteellllaa,,HLoyueinsaiaSntaoLmoptt(edeityaiCl)o.m©paAnRyS©,NAReSw,YNoerkwYork 5555 8 FrankStella,HyenaStomp.©ARS,NewYork 56 ro-1 MarcelO’Gorman,Melancholia1\0(1994) 64 23M---2 Wittgenstein'sDuck-Rabbit,inPhilosophicalInvestigations(Cambridge,MA: BlackwellPublishers,1958) 70 3 TheSegaSaturnLady.©SegaCorporation 79 2-4 MnemonicfigureinMumer'sLogicalCardGame(Strasbourg,1509), BibliothequeNationale 90 2-5 ARamistTableofDichotomiesinFriege’sPaedogogus(Basle,1582),St.Louis UniversityLibrary 91 2-6 PrintingPress 93 2-7 WilliamBlake,TheAngelMichaelbindingtheDragon.FoggArtMuseum, HarvardUniversity 100 2-8 WilliamBlake,“Nurse'sSong”(1826).DoverPublications,1987 110 2-9 WilliamBlake,“Nurse'sSong”withouttext 116 10 StephenGibb,NoParole(1990) 11 1 StephenGibb, (1991) 125 3-2 StereogramcreatedwithGPPOPOUT(InternetShareware) 126 3-3 McDonald’sPeterPanMagnifyingGlass.©Disney 127 3333----5746 DRMRaaoalvyxieneLE'sirsqcnhusPtetre,onSgsfitrrmeepoissmnso,iLnvMsaea.fgM©neatimrfFmiyoecixens1Bg,0r0Gholyatapidsotcsetas.hs.et©t©iincEAgasRltCaSoat,dreapNoptfeaRwtoioYynoLrikchtenstein 111124331832 3-8 FromE.L.Shackleford’s,Doctor'sDiary.Courtesyoftheartist 148 3-9 Node1(screencaptureofaWebpageinNetscape) 153 3-10Node2(screencaptureofaWebpageinNetscape) 154 3-11 Node3(screencaptureofaWebpageinNetscape) 155 3-12Node4(screencaptureofaWebpageinNetscape) 156 3-13 Node5(screencaptureofaWebpageinNetscape) 157 33--14Node6(screencaptureofaWebpageinNetscape) 158 43--15Node7(screencaptureofaWebpageinNetscape) 159 3-16Node8(screencaptureofaWebpageinNetscape) 160 17Node9(screencaptureofaWebpageinNetscape) 161 1 StructureofthePennsylvaniaElectronicEditionofMar\>Shelley'sFrankenstein (www.english.upenn.edu/~jlynch/Frank/mla.html) 177 4-2 StephenGibb,Pipedream(1998).Courtesyoftheartist 193 viii — AbstractofDissertationPresentedtotheGraduateSchool oftheUniversityofFloridainPartialFulfillmentofthe RequirementsfortheDegreeofDoctorofPhilosophy DISCOURSENETWORKS2000:AHYPERICONOMY By MarcelO’Gorman December,1998 Chairman:Dr.GregoryUlmer MajorDepartment:EnglishandMediaStudies GermanRomanticism,accordingtoFriedrichKittler,beginsattheprecise momentwhenFaust,M.A.,looksupfromhisbookofmagicideogramsandsighs — ^ch! subversivelyadmittinghissoulintothediscourseofscholars.ForKittler,author ofDiscourseNetvi'orks1800/1900,thispicturesquesceneservesasanodalpointleading intoastudyoftheDiscourseoftheRepublicofScholars.Whatconcernsushere, however,isnotwhetherFaustisindeedthefatherofRomanticism,butwhatpermitted him(andKittleraswell)tobreakoutofthe“endlesscirculation”ofscholarlyconvention Inspiredbythemagicideogram.DiscourseNetworks2000devisesascholarly methodcreatedforanelectronic,picture-orientedculture;amethodwhichtransgresses theestablishedboundariesoftheDiscourseoftheRepublicofScholarsbydrawinginto scholarshipthatwhichhasconventionallybeenleftoutorsuppressed:pictorial representation,post-printtechnologies,linguisticanomalies(puns,anagrams,etc.),non- linearnarrative,andsubjectiveexperience.Theproductofthisassemblageisamodeof IX X scholarlydiscoursewhichhasbeendubbed“hypericonomy,”anditspurposeisto eradicatetherepresentationalrigidityanddisciplinarycompartmentalizationoftraditional humanitiesresearch,replacingitwithatypeofscholarshipthatfosters multidisciplinarity,multivocality,andanopennesstonon-traditionaltechnologiesof representation(i.e.,electronic,pictorial). Theseeminglycumbersomeword“hypericonomy”istheoffspringofW.J.T. Mitchell’sconceptofthehypericon,atermthatIhavemodifiedtodesignateapictureor scene(i.e.,theFaustiansceneabove)whichencapsulatesanentireepistemeormodeof understanding.Hypericonomyisthereforeanapproachtoscholarlypraxisbasedonthe management,distributionandarrangementofhypericonsoverspaceandtime.By underscoringthediachronic,recurrent,andsubjectivenatureofthehypericonasIhave definedit,thisprojectdeconstructsperiodicepistemologicaldistinctionssuchasthose impliedbyKittler’s1800/1900.Thegoal,then,isnottoidentifyasingleDiscourse Network2000,buttodemonstratethatmultiplediscoursenetworkscirculatewithinany givenperiod,andthehypericonisameansoftracingthepresenceofanydiscursive circuit.Inthisproject,thediscourseoftheRepublicofScholarsistrackeddownfora veryspecificpurpose:sothatitmightbeshort-circuitedbytheintroductionofa methodologicalparasiteknownashypericonomy. X