Table Of Content® Learn how to create superfast
graphics for killer games and
multimedia applications
® Optimized for use with
major C/C++ compilers for
~ Windows 95 or Windows NT
® Master the sprite class,tiling
class, and objectclass, and
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“success by using the right
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M&T Books
A Division ofMIS:Press, Inc.
A Subsidiary of Henry Holt and Company, Inc.
115 West 18th Street
New York, New York 10011
© 1996 by M&T Books
Printedin the United States of America
All rights reserved. No part ofthis book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Publisher. Contact the Publisher for
information on foreign rights.
Limits ofLiability and Disclaimer ofWarranty
The Author and Publisher ofthis book have used their best efforts in preparing the book and the
programs contained in it. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the
theories and programs to determine their effectiveness.
The Author and Publisher make no warranty ofany kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these
programs or the documentation contained in this book. The Author and Publisher shall not be
liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the
furnishing, performance, or use ofthese programs.
All products, names and services are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
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Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Timmins, Bret.
DirectDraw programming / by Bret Timmins.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-55851-460-0
1. Computer graphics. 2. Computer animation. 3. DirectDraw.
4. Computer games. 1. Title.
T385.T56 1996
794.8'16765-dc20 9554175
CIP
97.96 95 94 4 3 21
Associate Publisher: Paul Farrell
EditorinChief: Cary Sullivan
Development Editor: Andy Neusner
Copy Editor: Karen Tongish
Technical Editor: David Petchey
Copy Chief: Shari Chappell
Chapter One: An Introduction to DirectDraw .............1
wove
eeeeee
Topics Covered in this Book .........coociiiiiiieoeeoee 1
PC Graphics, A Brief HIStory 2
eee
ooo
eeeeee,
Enter Windows eeeeeeeeeeee 4
DirectDraw Features .......ocoooiiiiiiiiieeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 4
Chapter Two: How to Get the
Most from this BOOK .....c.cccceeeeeeeceeeemerseennn.BeNAcereennnea?
o.oo
eee
Installing the Game SDK eeeeee7
Finding a DirectDraw Video DEIVEr c...ooviiiiiiieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 9
Louie
C/C++ Compilers Supported ......ccoooovivivineiiiecceececeeeeeeeeee 10
Using ANSI C ooo eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeens 11
The WIN32 APL 11
Chapter Three: DirectDraw Concepts 13
........cccoevreeuneeee.
eee
ooo eee eee
The DirectDraw COM eeee ee 14
The DirectDraw Model ....oooiiiiiiiieeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeee eeee 15
eee
DirectDraw Communication ..........oceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeee 15
The GDI and DirectDraw ..ooooeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee 16
Chapter Four: The DirectDraw Objecte........e.........e. J—J
The DirectDrawCreate FUNCHON o.oeeooveoeeeeioeeeoeeeevee 17
The SetCooperativeLevel function ............ccocoeevveieeeeeieeeeeeeee eee, 18
The DirectDraw GetC2aps FUNCHON esses 19
The DDCAPS Structure ...icimmisinimsm svnsssressessssrinn19
The Connect Program...aiiiissamisssms csosisiohsiinssesseesserssssessssas 20
DIRECTDRAW PROGRAMMING
Contents
ChapterFive: Creating Simple DirectDraw Surfaces:
The Primary Surface ................. 27
.......ccocivieiiieninainsn
The Surface Metaphor 27
Linear Memory ACCESS ......oovviiiiieiiinininininieiine 28
Surface Properties .....ooiivieieiininnisiiiiinc 29
The Primary Surface ......oovviviininineeiiiciis 29
SUFEACE TPRAtION. tiviisievarinssisinsssrissennsbioebransasssiasssnsssilisonessstsssiasvinassrrasanresssOU
Function...
The DDSURFACEDESC SErUCLUTE ..vvvovveveereeeeeeeereeeeeniesieesiesessieesinsnnesennne 31
Function...
The SetDisplayMode Step...32
The RestoreDisplayMode 32
Creating a Primary Surface Step by 33
The DirectDrawSurface Object .......oviivnniiiniiie, 33
The Lock FUTCtON v.eeessresiioeeseossosserssiniasiohessidnsssnsiinadiis sassssssrssniivhensasssssoshsvie 34
The Unlock FURCHON viviinseiiessinsessassitsnssboniisenssoisssarsis ibanesrsbassteosniispisisssr Od
The DirectDrawSurface Release Function ........cccecevvevieniienienneencienicnnnn30
The PRIMARY.CPP program iii yeabeis shiniessassssebevsoharessbaReesiaDD
eis
Chapter Six: Creating DirectDraw Surfaces:
The Back Buffer and Page Flipping 45
.....cccccceveeneecen....
45
Page FPPING .cvovvvieiiiitieei
Page Flipping UnderoDirectDraw ..c.....oc.oon.vvei.iisii46
The Flip Mechanism ......coooeviniiiniiininii 47
.....i...cooviviiinin,
Creating a Back Buffer 48
The GetAttachedSurface function ...........eeeeeeeeeiiiiieiiiiiii, 49
The Flip Function 50
The BACKBUFF.CPP Program aESieibithessfis aittesvsaenesssateniatsntesanesas dQ)
Chapter Seven: Creating DirectDraw Surfaces:
es
The Off-Screen Surface ... 59
ovine
Surface...
Being Off Screen .......oiiiiiiieiiiinci 59
Creating an Off-Screen 60
........ccooooviiini,
The System Memory Surface 61
62
BING
DIRECTDRAW PROGRAMMING
Contents
eee eee
The BItFast function .......ocoovviieeioeiieieee oeoee o62
The OFF_SCR.CPP Program 64
...........ccccooveveuiuieeeeieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Using Off-Screen Surfaces as Buffers eee74
......ooooooevooe
The OFFSCREEN1.CPP Program .....ccocooiiiiiiiii 74
Chapter Eight: Biting: Transparent Blting .87
.................
eee
The Transparent PIXel .........ccoooovoiiiiiiiireeieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee e87
Using Transparency for Depth Effects ..o.ooooiiiiiiiiiiccececeeee 88
The Color Key ...c.covuiiiiiiiiiieieeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee88
The DDCOLORKEY Structure 89
..oo.eeeveeeeeeeeeoee eee
The SetColorKey Function ..........c.ocoeveveioveiiiiioiesioeeeeeeeeeeee 89
The GetColorKey Function ........cccocoeveviviioiiiiiiiiiceeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee,90
The TB_SRC.CPP Program ..........ccccoevoviuiieeiiiieeieieeeeeeeeeeeeee 91
The TB_DEST.CPP Program ............ccccooeeioiieieeieeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees ees 103
Chapter Nine: Biting: Blt Effects ...............S—— Vr
eee
Blt or BILFast? ..ooooiiiiiiieeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 117
The Blt FUNCcLOcNo©otoveoviiiiiiiicceccee eeoeeeeoeeeeeen, 118
DDBLT_FX steteetecee 120
esteeveeseesssesesses sssessseeneesses aeons
The Color Fill 121
The SHRINK.CPP Program ...........cccoceeioviiiieeiieieeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee, 121
Chapter«Ten: Boiting: tDireictDtrawiCslippers............... 133
CLIPPING eeeeeeeeeeee 133
Clipping Under DirectDraw .......c.c.ooveveviieeeeeieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 135
eee
The CreateClipper FUNCtion .......ccoovovivivivivieieiiccceceeeeeeeee 135
Creating Clip LIStS ..oooviiniiiiiiiicecccceeeeeee 136
eee
The SetHWnd FUNCUON .....oovieeiieiiereceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee 136
The SetClipList FUNCHON ..ovovoviieeieiieeeieeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 137
Using the RGNDATA Structure .........ocooveeeeereeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesesso 137
A SetClipList EXample 138
.........cccoivvrrierereverennreerenneerenicssesssssesssesessenesssssssnenns
The SetClipper FUNCHON i....cumsisisimsssassesesssseserssassosssssasnsassesseneesessessasnes 139
Clipper Limitations ........vsiscicisbosesisismsessersessesmsnsnsstosbiriidiiinsarenssssssssseses 139
The CLIP.CPP Program. ....ususisissssssssssessesesencsercmensisiiotesiosssoses soossesnsmmmns 140
DIRECTDRAW PROGRAMMING
Contents
Chapter Eleven: DirectDraw Color ..........ccccceuuevr..... 153
Palette MORE 153
..iviiiariiiinmeiserissesssnntansosesessssssslunsasaiasanssssssassidhansssssarssvetessmnions
Palettes and DITECtIDITAW oiiveriicecersioriessnnsisisnsessssiabes forsssrnatsssessshvess s6sshutsove154
o.oosess
The CreatePalette TUNCLION .uvvvvveeereiiiiieiiiieirenieneieninnereerieererrerr 155
The SetPalette FUNCHON juiyeecrrrtesrcersensessosisoississrssssssssesistssnsasasvaaifinnsonsnaisnss 156
The SetEntries and GetEntries Functions ......oocccveeeivniiniiniinnn. 157
Palette-Independent Color 158
Hicolor RGB Video Modes 158
......cccoiivierseercemsessionisnassonnnsrssssserissssasasanessssoesesssans
The GetSurfaceDesc Function ....ccccceeeiieiiiiieiiiiinininiciiiii 159
The DDPIXELFORMAT Structure 160
..cccccecveeereeseeeeesacsineeeesisnneesissmanesssssnnnes
The HICOLOR.CPP Program .......ccoovinminnneneninenescecnneinsiniisen 160
Chapter Twelve: Running Windoweed ..........s............. 175
Window...
The GDI and the Primary Surface ........coovniiniinii, 175
Running in a Noormal oWoindow... 176
Writing to the Primary Surface 176
Using the GDI es178
The GetDC FuniCtion ..iveiitsiveivsssseesivsiiiisenssisarasshesssvhssonasunsinsipasessssrioerss 178
The ReleaseDC.F.u.ncctioon o.ii.vii.ieisomisiovissvoissiitosiisnisssisihrvssstvnesaivssiseiossisss es178
Finding the GDI ........oooiiie. 178
The FlipToGDISurface Function 179
Palette CONtIOl o..oiiiiiiiiviissiieiissssivsessbondsbbsnrossossessnnissanpoasnssisns sanssssssonsvrrns 179
Palette Control and DirectDraw ....coocvvvveeeieviniiminiiiiiicieninneeen 180
The WINDOW.CPP Program ........ccecooviniiiiininnnciiiiiii 180
Chapter Thirteen: Debugging
sss
DirectDraw Program«s ioi iivieos 201
The GDI Debugger ....cccveieeeeieieeiniiiss 201
202
A Debugger COMPrOMISe
.......oooviiniiine
Kernel-Level Debuggers 203
nn,
The DEBUG.CPP Program ........cccocoviviiiiniiiniiniiii 204
DIRECTDRAW PROGRAMMING
Contents
wooo
Appendix A: DirectDraw Reference
........ccccueeeeeeene-n.219
DirectDraw APIS ccc 219
DirectDrcawlreate wooveiseaeeeeeeee,219
cotteeree
DirectDrawlinumerate .......c..ocooooviiiiiiiieeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeee 220
DirectDraw Member Function Reference .......oo.oouveeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeoeeo 221
eee
ADARET eee 221
COMPACT wovceeeeee 221
CreateCHPPET ...c.iiiiiieiieece eee,222
CreatePalette eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee,223
DCruepalteicSaUteToSauCrefac.e..o.voiiiiiiiiv.iiiicoccceeeoeeeeeieeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeee222254
EnumDisplayModes ....c.coooviiiiiiiiiiccceeceeeeeeeee 226
EnumSurfaces ....owooooeeiooiioioivcicceeceecceeeeee eeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeees228
FEPTOGDISUTTACE eee eee,230
eters
GEtAPS 230
GetDisplayMode v...ooiiiiiiiiiiiii i 231
GEtFOUrCCCOES ooivviiiiiiiieieceecee eee 232
eeeeee
GetGDISUITACE eeeeeeeee 232
GetMonitorFrequency .o...o.oooiiiiiiceeeecee ee233
GEtSCANTANoE .ooiviiiiiiiiciicececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee,234
GetVertical BlankStatuos .........ocooviv.iiiiiiiieeeoeeee oeee234
INTHALIZEoie eeeeeeeeeeee,235
QueryInterface .......ccceooeiiiieiiii ee236
RELEASE eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 236
SetCooperative Level 237
eeeeee
SetDisplayMode ......o.ooviiiiiiiiiiiicicececeee eee238
WaitForVoerticwal Boank ...e......c.eooeooiiviiiieiitriteeeeetee eeee r 240
DirectDrawClipper Membeer Function Reeference .....e.....cccocoocvvvevvv,eevveansn.. 241
AAR eeeeeeeee eee 241
oii
GEtCIPLASE 241
eeea,as
GetHWId eeeeeeeee 242
wove
INIEATIZE 243
eects,
IsClipListChanged ......c.ocooviiiiiiiiiicecceeeeeee 243
QUEryINtErface 244
.......i...ccjivmssiiiiiinimitinimeesisrssesnossanshinsebatarsoesensssrsssnns
DIRECTDRAW PROGRAMMING
Contents
RECAB: icsiiinrensssssesiosonsstintssnsiesiersansas |i tkindnsesssnts Bosiiosnaninsbusstesvestensebisnnan245
se245
SSEtCHtPLIISE ..cvvviviirririrersrermrernrninssseeesestnseseetstsessentseinisinseesessssssssenans
246
cioviieiioniiii iasinincansansivnassnsovssbinnnetinsestiossssioinasnnnsesiorsasshassorsnbnns
DirectDrawPalettie Miemiber Function Reference .......cccccoccvviiiiiiiiiinnninn. 247
AAAREE oseii idirsanssesi.uanisnivn ibeohatiesassivasanssssinge sioons sinenavossuivssibenst247
247
GEtCaPS wuvvivvririiniie
248
GEtEDATION iii veriorvissisvissitssossnonsananssranbonsinissiachansatsiastaesonnssisvbsiastastisvnsss
InItalIZE iiiiviiineriiii ies anisiiriciivissvessssibaninsssugyabosassssstasbuansnnssssssssissasbanas 249
250
QueryInterface
eReEtlenaBeiecsiiisiitiiiiiii ivsiiavnsssinionn assole£oss50esasxBosdea Tenmasdsonnsbibevisosnas 251
iii) 251
iiieisiviniinhansissasarsine cyaisyessvinhsnnreosvab dbivsstunsiasonas sosnbvinainos
DirectDrawSurface Member Function Reference ........cccocveviviniinniiinnnnn.253
ec
AddAachedSUTTHCE ©.viii miisiaieni derniersvi boirbnastucsinsvosrissivitressisiasogsses 253
AddOverlivayDiriityRieicit .a....d.cooveviiiiiiiiiininaiiineniii 253
AddRel aminaiiaasiat dli,254
Bl iii teTaeanebebehdeesedheaeaaresvebasR255
BIBALCR oven vsiissiiiiiassesnisnnninrossasssivatisnsosssoniesnsirborbuassuniossnssossitusyibusss 259
BUEASE iviisosisadivisisessvseraslibsions siorasassonsusnnanhianssissassssssdinsnate 261
262
IPSTCRECE .ovviriiiiniiriisie
DeleteAttachedSUTTAces ..ovviiveiiieriiliviiinaibeinniisesnssionmssssnisissosssadssrasereras 263
EnuinAttachedSurfaces ..oiviiiiisi ietienesioibtsaiisessisecorssosiittsdaerste264
en
EnumOverlayZOrders ......s...cooveivsiiininininnsniiii 265
266
FHP .oviiioniniirinnncssnsmensmsssnsssssnnssssssisssssnosissstssssasessnstsnssssssasssessnsassaes
CetAtachEASUTIACE |...viiivisasfiaceresstobisvossuasobressuas dissthnn assbiossucihvanesiasins267
GetBItSTatUR iLoiiniivninriinihiesisioniccitisnBEtBsAeGtttsvibeshanty sasesns268
GEtCAPS vovevivererinirrieieeresnsstssst sasssates sashes269
269
GEtCLPPET wovvveviiiirieieieisi SR
GetCoalorKey ...L.ovviaiiiiiiinnniin SE 270
EE
RETR RR ee 271
272
GetFLPSLatus ..oovceeeveiiicieiiinie
GetOverlayPosition ......c.ccceeieieninininnnisessissssssesssinsiiisns 273
GOtPAlRtte ....cvveivmissoiin a dodiasis isisis ssnivetboaneshsvn siavsinsasssssvanivossflakfa dmeiumsions 274
GetPIXEIFOTIAt .iviiiivsiioeiiidinossisonesevos thatsesasso ssdohisessevsupei sassssi ivasssvars 274
275
GetSUTTACEDIEEC wviiviiesiesisiasesssseressanmencbinssitssanssssanaaisfossssssidbinisenainneisosanss
TNIATIZE ooeieeeeeeeoeivavisiosiassiseisseransressnsinsnsivabsenassiosasssnunnnasinnsssssinarssssane 276
276
LELLOBE oiiiriiineennonensnvsiasssnaiessinnnssninavossisanisonsnnsnrsnsnntosbonvosennsnboasto raersssnsionss
277
LOCK voviiitionieiaiunbunsivonssioittinssnint i6sevaniobiissnsnnnanassasasisinsensissnsanntessadsvrestossass
QUEryInterface .........ccvuveevererisisnenietninsentnrensinnstesrsnsessnsesennsnsssssssssns 279
DIRECTDRAW PROGRAMMING
Contents
weieee
weeee eeete
REISE oii eee
280
ReleaseDoC iieee eeeeee280
vicvecee
RESTOTE eeeeeeeeeeee 281
SELCHPPET 282
eee
SetColorKoey ....o.iiiiiiiiiiiiee 282
SetOVerlayPOSTION w.ovoveviieisiececceeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeee,283
SEtPALEIE 284
UNLOCK 285
UpdateOverlay .....c.ococoiiiiiiiiiiiiiceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee,e 286
eee
UpdateOverlayDisplay .........ocooooieviveuiuiiiiiieeeeeeeee 289
UpdateOvecrlayZOrdeer .......e..o.ooueeuiiiiiiiieieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee,290
DirectDraw SUrUCHUTLES oovivieieeeeeoeeeeee eeeeeie ceee292
DDCAPS eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 298
DDCOLORKEY .oociiiiiiioiieceeeeoeeeeeee3eeeee1eeee.ee30eee0ee.3)000
DDMODEDESC eee
oii
DDOVERLAYEFX o.oo.
0312
DDPIXELFORMAT
DDSURFACEDESC 316
eee.
DirectDrawClpper ......ccccooviiiniiiiiicceceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeee 320)
DirectDrawPalette «ooo ieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee3eee9e32]0)
DirectDrawSurface
......coooviiiiioeeeeeeeeeeeeee
DirectDraw Return Values ..........ocooeveeeeevoeoioeeooeeeeeeoee 322
DirectDraw Enumeration Call Back Return Values .....oovoovovovvvvini.322
DirectDraw Error Return Values ......coo.ooeooeeeeooooooeoee.329
Appendix B: ModeX Surfaces ....333
........cccoeeeveereereceennes
ModeX ReStrICtioNS ...ooveeieeeieiieeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeoee.333
The MODEX.CPP Program eee334
.......cccccoccovvveiieeeiceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Appendix C: Bibliography 349
........cccccceevemvccsececrereennn.
INAOX 35
cociconnsivivnsenanonsrosbibibsbibiitthe scanmonsssstiiosbisemmmmnnnnanse 1
