Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation I: Selected papers from the First ERCOFTAC Workshop on Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation PDF
Preview Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation I: Selected papers from the First ERCOFTAC Workshop on Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation
DIRECT AND LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION I FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Volume 26 Series Editor: R. MOREAU MADYLAM Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Hydraulique de Grenoble Boite Postale 95 38402 Saint Martin d 'Heres Cedex, France Aims and Scope of the Series The purpose of this series is to focus on subjects in which fluid mechanics plays a fundamental role. As well as the more traditional applications of aeronautics, hydraulics, heat and mass transfer etc., books will be published dealing with topics which are currently in a state of rapid development, such as turbulence, suspensions and multiphase fluids, super and hypersonic flows and numerical modelling techniques. It is a widely held view that it is the interdisciplinary subjects that will receive intense scientific attention, bringing them to the forefront of technological advance ment. Fluids have the ability to transport matter and its properties as well as transmit force, therefore fluid mechanics is a subject that is particulary open to cross fertilisation with other sciences and disciplines of engineering. The subject of fluid mechanics will be highly relevant in domains such as chemical, metallurgical, biological and ecological engineering. This series is particularly open to such new multidisciplinary domains. The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are monographs defining the current state of a field; others are accessible to final year undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity. Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation I Selected papers from the First ERCOFTAC Workshop on Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation Edited by PETER R. VOKE University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K. LEONHARD KLEISER DLR, Göttingen, Germany and JEAN-PIERRE CHOLLET Universite J. Fourier, Grenoble, France SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ERCQFCT AWorkshop on Direc t and Large-Eddy Simulatio n (1s t : 1994 : Universi/t y of Surrey) Direct and large-edd y simulatio n I : selecte d papers fro m th e Firs t ERCQFCT AWorkshop on Direc t and Large-Eddy Simulation , The Universit y of Surrey, Guildford , U.K., 27-30 March 1994 / edite d by Peter R. Voke, Leonhard Kleiser , Jean-Pierr e Chollet . p. cm. — (Flui d mechanics and it s application s ; 2 6) ISBN 978-94-010-4434-9 ISBN 978-94-011-1000-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1000-6 1. Flui d dynamics—Mathematicla models—Congresse.s I . Voke, Peter R., 1950- . II .K leiser , Leonhard. III . Chollet , Jean -Pierre . IV. Title . V. Series . TA357.E75 1994 620. 1 ' 064—dc20 94-32855 ISBN 978-94-010-4434-9 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanica,l including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Contents Preface ix List of Participants Xlll Structures from Simulations Large-Scale Structures in the Turbulent Flow Near a Right-Angled 1 Corner S. GAVRILAKIS Very-Large-Scale Structures in DNS 13 K.H. BECH and H.1. ANDERSSON Eddy Structures in a Simulated Plane Turbulent Jet Educed by 25 Pattern Recognition Analysis S.H. LO Subgrid-Scale Modelling Experimental Study of Similarity Subgrid-Scale Models of Turbulence 37 in the Far-Field of a Jet S. LID, C. MENEVEAU and J. KATZ Direct and Large Eddy Simulations of Round Jets 49 M. FATICA, P. ORLANDI and R. VERZICCO Subgrid-Scale Models based upon the Second-Order Structure- 61 Function of Velocity P. COMTE, o. METAlS, E. DAVID, F. DUCROS, M.A. GONZE and M. LESIEUR Significant Terms in Dynamic SGS-Modeling 73 M. OLSSON and L. FUCHS Assessment of the Generalised Normal Stress and the Bardina 85 Reynolds Stress Subgrid-Scale Models in Large Eddy Simulation K. HORIUTI vi Subgrid-Scale Modelling in the Near-Wall Region of Turbulent 97 Wall-Bounded Flows C. HARTEL and L. KLEISER Two-dimensional Simulations with Subgrid Scale Models for 109 Separated Flow P. SAGAUT, B. TROFF, T.ll. LE and T.P. LOC A Priori Test of a Subgrid Scale Stress Tensor Model Including 121 Anisotropy and Backscatter Effects T. GOUTORBE, D. LAURENCE and V. MAUPU Subgrid-modelling in LES of Compressible Flow 133 A.W. VREMAN, B.J. GEURTS and J.G.M. KUERTEN Stratified and Atmospheric Flows Sheared and Stably Stratified Homogeneous Turbulence: 145 Comparison of DNS and LES. T. GERZ and J.M.L.M. PALMA Direct Numerical Simulation of a Stably Stratified Turbulent 157 Boundary Layer LR. COWAN and R.E. BRITTER A Neutral Stratified Boundary.Layer: A Comparison of Four 167 Large-Eddy Simulation Computer Codes A. ANDREN, A. BROWN, P.J. MASON, J. GRAF, U. SCHUMANN, C.-H. MOENG and F.T.M. NIEUWSTADT The Large-Eddy Simulation of Dispersion of Passive and Chemically 179 Reactive Pollutants in a Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer J.P. MEEDER, I. BOUMANS and F.T.M. NIEUWSTADT Numerical Simulation of Breaking Gravity Waves below a Critical Level 189 A. DORNBRACK and U. SCHUMANN vii Transition Stability of the Natural-Convection Flow in Differentially Heated 201 Rectangular Enclosures with Adiabatic Horizontal Walls R.J.A. JANSSEN and R.A.W.M. HENKES Direct Simulation of Breakdown to Turbulence Following Oblique 213 Instability Waves in a Supersonic Boundary Layer N.D. SANDHAM, N.A. ADAMS and 1. KLEISER Mechanisms and Models of Boundary Layer Receptivity Deduced 225 from Large-Eddy Simulation of By-pass Transition Z. YANG, P.R. VOKE and A.M. SAVILL Receptivity by Direct Numerical Simulation 237 G. CASALIS and B. CANTALOUBE Direct Numerical Simulation of Transition in a Spatially Growing 249 Compressible Boundary Layer Using a New Fourier Method Y. GUO, N.A. ADAMS and L. KLEISER Complex Geometries Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer in Compact 261 Heat Exchangers M. CIOFALO, G. LOMBARDO and M.W. COLLINS Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow through a Straight 273 Square Duct and a 1800 bend M. BREUER and W. ROm Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow over a Wavy Boundary 287 C. MAASS and U. SCHUMANN Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow over a 299 Hemisphere M. MANHART and H. WENGLE viii Large-Eddy Simulation of Compound Channel Flow with One 311 Floodplain at Re >:::J 42000. T.G. THOMAS and J.J.R. WILLIAMS Large-Eddy Simulation Applied to an Electromagnetic Flowmeter 325 B.J. BOERSMA, J.G.M. EGGELS, M.J.B.M. POURQUIE and F.T.M. NIEUWSTADT Compressible, Reacting and Thermal Flows On the Formation of Small Scales in a Compressible Mixing Layer 335 K.H. LUO and N.D. SANDHAM Direct Simulation of Turbulence Phenomena in Compressible 347 Boundary Layers E. LAURIEN and J. DELFS DNS of a M = 2 Shock Interacting with Isotropic Turbulence 359 R. HANNAPPEL and R. FRIEDRICH Direct and Large Eddy Simulations of Chemically Reacting Flows 375 J.P. CHOLLET, M. SI AMEUR and M.R. VALLCORBA Flow Mechanisms and Heat Transfer in Rayleigh-Benard Convection 387 at Small Prandtl Numbers G. GROTZBACH and M. WORNER Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation of Transient Buoyant Plumes; 399 a Comparison with Experiment R.J.M. BASTIAANS, C.C.M. RINDT, A.A. VAN STEENHOVEN and F.T.M. NIEUWSTADT Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Structures in Thermal 411 Impinging Jets S. GAO Numerical Simulations of 2-D Turbulent Natural Convection in 423 Differentially Heated Cavities of Aspect Ratios 1 and 4 S. XIN and P. LE QUERE Preface It is a truism that turbulence is an unsolved problem, whether in scientific, engin eering or geophysical terms. It is strange that this remains largely the case even though we now know how to solve directly, with the help of sufficiently large and powerful computers, accurate approximations to the equations that govern tur bulent flows. The problem lies not with our numerical approximations but with the size of the computational task and the complexity of the solutions we gen erate, which match the complexity of real turbulence precisely in so far as the computations mimic the real flows. The fact that we can now solve some turbu lence in this limited sense is nevertheless an enormous step towards the goal of full understanding. Direct and large-eddy simulations are these numerical solutions of turbulence. They reproduce with remarkable fidelity the statistical, structural and dynamical properties of physical turbulent and transitional flows, though since the simula tions are necessarily time-dependent and three-dimensional they demand the most advanced computer resources at our disposal. The numerical techniques vary from accurate spectral methods and high-order finite differences to simple finite-volume algorithms derived on the principle of embedding fundamental conservation prop erties in the numerical operations. Genuine direct simulations resolve all the fluid motions fully, and require the highest practical accuracy in their numerical and temporal discretisation. Such simulations have the virtue of great fidelity when carried out carefully, and repre sent a most powerful tool for investigating the processes of transition to turbulence. They can also be applied to very low Reynolds number turbulent flows, though the examples in this volume primarily are focused on transition. Large-eddy simulations are distinguished by the presence of one or more mod el diffusivities in the discretised equations, intended to represent the effects of unresolvable small-scale eddies: the so-called subgrid scales. They also frequently employ special wall treatments, since the numerical discretisation cannot resolve all the near-wall eddies at high Reynolds numbers. The introduction of such models allows simulations to be performed of flow at arbitrarily high Reynolds numbers, at the expense of the uncertainties of the modelling. While the numerical techniques found in the following pages are direct descendants of very similar methods first used twenty years ago, many papers contain investigations of new and exciting variations in the subgrid-scale models. This is a most welcome development, since it is clear that real advances are being made in a field that appeared to be stagnant only a few years ago, advances which show every sign of continuing for some time. Notable among the new concepts are the dynamic subgrid model, and stochastic backscatter of energy from the sub grid scales into the resolved scales. The variety of flows now accessible to simulation is evident throughout the vol ume. Not only are many types of internal and external flow represented, including ix x some complex geometries of engineering or geophysical importance, but the dynam ically distinct regimes of incompressible and compressible flow, stratified, buoyant and other thermal flows, and chemically reacting flow are all being simulated suc cessfully. It seems that the applicability of turbulence simulation is limited only by the ingenuity of its practitioners and by the costs relative to the perceived benefits, as previously infeasible simulations come within range of our increasing comput er power. Also included are several papers that introduce important innovations in the numerical methods used for simulation, and some that utilise simulation results to advance our understanding of transitional or turbulent flow dynamics by studying the flow structures present or by reference to closure modelling. The power of turbulence simulation is constantly growing. The community of researchers around the world who work on the methods and who perform simula tions are constantly pushing back the limits of what is achievable. As a result, the convenient divisions and categories of simulation that would have seemed common place a decade ago are now seen to be artificial. Studies are being performed that jump the familiar boundaries and tackle combinations of features that represent the richness of the real world of turbulent fluid flow. We find here studies of tran sition in compressible and supersonic boundary layers; of dispersion with chemical reactions; of stratification and gravity waves; of turbulence passing through a shock wave; and of several flows in complex geometries. All the evidence points to the application, in the not-too-distant future, of LES to the enormously more com plex turbulent and transitional flows found in engineering plant and in the natural environment. The dramatic increase in supercomputer power and memory over the last decade is one driving force for these developments. The supercomputers of the early 1980s are now on all our desktops, and the machines that have usurped their place in the data network are up to a thousand times faster. These developments naturally allow far more accurate DNS and more ambitious LES projects to be undertaken, and will continue as the computer manufacturers push on towards the Teraflops machine. Nevertheless, the application of the numerical methods of turbulence simulation to more complex geometries, and to compressible, supersonic, stratified and other dynamically complex flows has its own impetus, driven by the desire to compute, predict and understand turbulence in all its forms. The development of new subgrid-scale models in recent years is a vital element in the growth of LES, though we are aware that we also need to see corresponding improvements in the wall treatments used for high Reynolds number simulations. One paper in this volume is primarily an experimental study of the relationship between flow structure at various scales, related directly to the validation and development of the new subgrid scale models. This paper and one other are the only contributions authored from outside Europe, since the meeting of which this volume forms the proceedings was focused primarily on European developments. It was one of many workshops organised over the past few years by the European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion (ERCOFTAC). This
The list of books you might like
