Digital Electronic Circuits - The Comprehensive View

299 Pages·2018·20.344 MB·English

by  Alexander Axelevitch

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Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Axelevitch, Alexander, author.
Title: Digital electronic circuits : the comprehensive view / Alexander Axelevitch.
Description: New Jersey : World Scientific, [2018]
Identifiers: LCCN 2018027359 | ISBN 9789813270725 (hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Digital electronics. | Digital integrated circuits. | Logic circuits.
Classification: LCC TK7868.D5 .A95 2018 | DDC 621.381/32--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018027359
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2019 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
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Preface
This book deals with key aspects of designing and building digital
electronic circuits on the basis of the different families of elemen-
tary electronic devices. The implementation of various simple and
complex logic circuits is considered in detail, with special attention
paid to the design of digital systems based on complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and pass-transition logic (PTL)
technologies acceptable foruseinplanarmicroelectronics technology.
Itismainlyintendedforstudentsinelectronics andmicroelectronics,
with exercises and solutions provided.
Alexander Axelevitch
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Introduction
Themain purposeof this book is to help present and futurestudents
understand the principles of digital circuits design, and their place
and application in microelectronics. The second goal, which may be
more important for students, is to help them overcome the exam for
the course “Digital Circuits” which I taught at the Holon Institute
of Technology (HIT) for more than 20 years, two semesters per year,
includingthesummersemester. Consideringthatafter each semester
I prepared three variations of the exams, I was compelled to always
comeupwithnewschemes,questionsandproblems.Ipresentmostof
these examination problems together with the solutions in the book
as examples. So, I hope that this book will be useful to students, as
well as practical engineers engaged in the design and realization of
microelectronic circuits and devices.
The course “Digital Circuits” is part of a system consisting
of several consecutive courses: “Digital Logic Design,” “Digital
Electronic Circuits,” “Digital Systems,” “VLSI Design,” and “Pro-
gramming with the VHDL.” Evidently, this sequence can provide an
understanding of only one side of microelectronics for students. The
secondsideisthetechnology.However,thepartdevotedtothedesign
isinterestingandimportant.Thecourse“DigitalElectronicCircuits”
allows you to give meaning to those “black boxes” that comprise
logic, and fill them with diodes, transistors, and other elements.
A complete study of these systems enables you to understand and
create novel digital electronic devices for different applications: the
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storage, processing and transmission of the information presented in
digital form, integrated sensors and control devices, computers and
microprocessors.
Every novel field of science is based on its specific language first
of all. So, we need to begin to study the design of digital electronic
circuits by studying its novel language — which entails learning
new descriptions and definitions. This language consists of defined
and enough formal constructions based on the Boolean logic. These
structures are partially based on the language of mathematical logic.
The book is organized as follows: the first part of the book deals
with the general definitions and basic parameters characterizing
the logic of digital circuits, and the transfer function definition.
The second part is dedicated to logic families based on the bipolar
semiconductor devices. The third part is devoted to logic families
based on the unipolar semiconductor devices and advanced tech-
nologies applicable in the field of digital circuits. The fourth chapter
of the book deals with the analysis and synthesis of digital logic
circuits. The basic principles of the synthesis of combinational logic
circuits using CMOS logic, dynamical logic, and pass-transistor
logic are considered in this part. Part 5 of the book is devoted to
sequentiallogic:flip-flops,registersandcounters,multivibrators.The
last chapter is dedicated to the semiconductor memory architecture
and related combinational digital circuits. Each part of the course
will be accompanied by exercises supplied with full solutions and
explanations that aim to make the learning more fruitful.
This book can serve as basic study material for the course
“Digital Electronic Circuits.” It is intended for students studying
the specialties related to electronics and microelectronics, as well as
for practical engineers working in the field. The author wishes all
future readers and users of this book a pleasant read.
Contents
Preface v
Introduction vii
Chapter 1. Basic Definitions and Logic Families 1
1.1. Basic definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2. Basic logic families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 2. Logic Families Based on the Bipolar
Devices 17
2.1. Diode logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.1. The physical model of a junction
diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.2. The equivalent scheme of a diode . . . . . . 21
2.1.3. Analysis of a diode’s switching circuit
behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1.4. The Schottky diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2. The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and related
logic families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2.1. The BJT transistor — principles
of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2.2. The model of Ebers–Moll and modes
of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
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